scholarly journals Hormonal Control of Enzyme Synthesis: On the Mode of Action of Gibberellic Acid and Abscisin in Aleurone Layers of Barley

1967 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1008-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten J. Chrispeels ◽  
J. E. Varner
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Hormonal Control

The Hormonal Control of the Development of Hairs and Bristles in the Milkweed Bug, ONCOPELTUS FASCIATUS, DALL

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-522
Author(s):  
PETER A. LAWRENCE
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Oncopeltus Fasciatus ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Moult Cycle ◽  
Dense Population ◽  
Milkweed Bug ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Hormonal Milieu

1. As in Rhodnius, the larval Oncopeltus has bristles which are supplemented at each moult. However, at metamorphosis a dense population of non-innervated hairs develops. 2. Implantation of corpora allata into 5th-stage larvae showed that the development of these hairs can be inhibited universally or locally by the juvenile hormone (JH). 3. Transplantations of integument between 5th-stage larvae of different stages in the moult cycle gave some information about the power of the host to synchronize the graft to its own moult cycle. 4. Transplantations between different larval stages showed that the grafted in tegument responded to the hormonal milieu of the host. 5. Adult integument was transplanted onto larvae to study the reversal of metamorphosis. It was found that the development of a supernumerary population of hairs depended on the integument passing through a moult cycle in the presence of JH. After two moults in the presence of JH, reversal of metamorphosis was found to vary over the surface of the transplant, being further advanced at the margin. At the edge of the graft properly formed larval bristles developed, while at the centre adult hairs were formed in adult cuticle. Intermediately formed bristles were found in the intervening areas. It is suggested that reactions associated with wounding are the cause of this heterogeneous result. 6. The significance of these results in relation to other work and to theories concerning the mode of action of the juvenile hormone is discussed.

BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS OF HORMONE ACTION

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Karlson ◽  
C. E. Sekeris
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Active Enzyme ◽  
Hormone Action ◽  
Reaction Sequence ◽  
Allosteric Effectors ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Moulting Hormone

ABSTRACT Some recent hypotheses on the mode of action of hormones are reviewed. One concept, arising from experiments with artificially cleaved ribonuclease, namely that hormones may »complete« some proteins to form an active enzyme, is regarded as unlikely. Moreover, the idea that hormones act as »allosteric effectors« of enzymes is not well substantiated. A third hypothesis, i. e. that hormones may act as gene activators, is discussed at some length. Gene activation would lead to production of messenger-RNA and induced enzyme synthesis. For ecdysone, the moulting hormone of insects, every step of this reaction sequence has been demonstrated experimentally.

The Tegumental Glands in the Land Isopoda C. The Lobed Glands: The Properties of their Secretion and their Mode of Action

1952 ◽  
Vol s3-93 (21) ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
H. GORVETT
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Clear Fluid ◽  
Lateral Plate ◽  
Fatal Injury ◽  
Lateral Plates

1. The lobed glands of the Oniscoidea respond to appropriate stimulation by liberating droplets of secretion at the edges of the lateral plates and uropods. 2. The fresh secretion is a clear fluid, which is soluble in water, contains protein, water, perhaps fatty acid, but not mucin, fat, wax, or glycogen. 3. The uropod secretion is very sticky and viscous, slowly soluble in water, neutral in reaction, and without odour; the lateral plate secretion is a watery fluid, freely soluble in water, strongly acid in reaction, and with a pungent smell resembling that of butyric acid. 4. Both secretions solidify rapidly on exposure to air, and both are coagulated by alcohol. 5. Both types of gland secrete only in response to violent stimulation; this must be both strong and sudden in its application, and often causes fatal injury. 6. The uropod glands secrete more readily than the lateral plate glands. 7. The amount of secretion varies in different individuals of the same species; it is not correlated with the age, sex, or moulting condition of the animal, but may depend on its general condition. 8. The glands empty rapidly when stimulated, cannot repeat the process except at relatively long intervals, and appear to be incapable of secreting continuously. 9. They do not appear to be under nervous or hormonal control, but may be emptied passively by contraction of neighbouring muscles. 10. The significance of these results in relation to the problem of function is discussed.

Regulation of enzyme synthesis in aleurone tissue of Avena species

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2069-2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Physiological System ◽  
Avena Species ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Aleurone Tissue ◽  
Regulation Of Enzyme Synthesis

Control of the synthesis of α-amylase in isolated aleurone tissue of an inbred population of wild oats and of the domestic oat variety Torch has been compared. Production of the enzyme in wild oats shows much greater dependence on exogenous gibberellic acid or amino acids than in Torch. It is suggested that this difference reflects variability in a genetic system which determines the degree of hormonal control over the synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes in aleurone of Avena species. Natural selection can be expected to maintain genotypes conferring strong hormonal control of this physiological system in wild oats which depend, for survival, on seed dormancy.

scholarly journals Multiple hormonal control of enzyme synthesis in liver and hepatoma cells

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Kenney ◽  
K. Lee ◽  
N. Pomato ◽  
J. Nickol
Keyword(s):  
Hepatoma Cells ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Hormonal Control

Hormonal Control of Weed Seed Germination

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Holm ◽  
M. R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Germination Response ◽  
Buried Seeds

Freshly-harvested seeds of several common weeds showed little or no promotion of germination by light. However, after burial for 6 months, germination becomes entirely dependent on exposure to light. Red light promoted the germination of the buried seeds, and this promotion was reversed by far-red light, indicating phytochrome involvement. Freshly-harvested seeds were made light-requiring by treatment with mannitol. The germination of these light-requiring seeds was promoted by red light, gibberellic acid (GA), acetylcholine (ACh), and adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP). The phytochrome response may trigger ACh synthesis which causes the release of GA from a bound form and/or GA synthesis which enhances the production of cyclic AMP which initiates the germination response.

Influence of 2,4-D, Dicamba, and Naptalam on Hormonal Control of Dipeptidase

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Tsay ◽  
F. M. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Interaction Study ◽  
Distal Half ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Dipeptidase Activity

The plant hormones gibberellic acid (GA) and benzyladenine (BA) stimulated the development of dipeptidase activity in distal-half cotyledons of squash (Cucurbita maximaDuch. ‘Chicago Warted Hubbard’). The herbicides 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid), and naptalam (N-1-napthylphalamic acid) inhibited the development of dipeptidase activity in this tissue. Herbicide concentrations which inhibited the development of this enzyme activity about 30% were used for the herbicidehormone interaction study. The addition of GA or BA counteracted the inhibition induced by 2,4-D and naptalam. Neither hormone grossly altered the inhibition induced by dicamba; however, BA did significantly reduce the inhibition caused by dicamba.

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