scholarly journals Induction, immobilization, modification and natural inhibitors of α-glucosidase from Penicillum chrysogenum

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Hamed M. El-Shora ◽  
Saida M. Messgo ◽  
Mohsen E. Ibrahim ◽  
Mohamed W Alfakharany
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
Dansyl Chloride ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Partial Protection ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Natural Inhibitors ◽  
Ca Alginate

<em>α</em>-glucosidase (EC: 3.2.1.20) was isolated from <em>Penicillum chrysogenum</em>. The enzyme was enhanced by plant growth regulators such as gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>), benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin. Dansyl chloride inhibited the enzyme at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mM with T<sub>0.5 </sub>67, 52.2, 34.4 and 23.3 min, respectively. The substrate offered partial protection for the enzyme against dansyl chloride inhibition. The enzyme was activated by Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup>. However, Pb<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup> and Hg<sup>2+</sup> inhibited <em>α</em>-glucosidase activity. The enzyme was immobilized on Ca alginate and the optimal concentration for 3% w/v. The optimal concentration of CaCl<sub>2</sub> was recorded at 3 mM. The optimal CaCl<sub>2</sub> concentration and the optimum time for immobilization was 3mM and 4hr. The enzyme was inhibited by aqueous extracts of <em>Datura stramonium, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Hyoscymus muticus and Cynodon dactylon</em>. The IC<sub>50</sub> values for the four extracts were 59.1, 73.6, 68.5 and 77.1 µg ml<sup>-1</sup>, respectively.

Effects of crude aqueous extracts of indigenous pesticidal plants on the ladybird beetle, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (02) ◽  
pp. 159-167
Author(s):  
E. Mazhawidza ◽  
B. M. Mvumi ◽  
U. Mazarura
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Ladybird Beetle ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Hippodamia Variegata ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

AbstractEffects of pesticidal plant extracts on non-targeted species are rare. Direct topical and residual sprays of crude aqueous extracts of three pesticidal plants: Datura stramonium L. Bobgunnia madagascariensis Kirkbr. &amp; Wiersema and Solanum delagoense L. were assessed in laboratory bioassays and on-station experiments against the ladybird beetle, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze). The plants are routinely used by smallholder vegetable farmers to control aphids, Brevicoryne brassicae L. attacking rape, Brassica napus L. The crude extracts of D. stramonium fresh leaves, S. delagoense fresh fruits and B. madagascariensis dried pods, were applied separately at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% w/v under laboratory conditions. Application rates of 20% and 25% w/v of the plant extracts were further evaluated on-station. Negative (tap water) and positive (dimethoate® (36% E.C)) controls were included for comparison. The mortality of H. variegata was recorded 24, 48 and 72 h post-exposure. In on-station experiments, treatments were applied fortnightly and live H. variegata adults were counted at 1, 7 and 14 days post-application. Mortality of H. variegata in laboratory bioassays increased with increase in post-exposure time and B. madagascariensis (25% w/v) caused the highest mortality. Based on LD50 values, B. madagascariensis extracts were most toxic (LD50, 30% w/v) followed by D. stramonium (LD50, 34% w/v) and S. delagoense (LD50, 49% w/v) 24 h post-application. In on-station experiments, the synthetic chemical significantly lowered (P &lt; 0.05) H. variegata numbers compared to the negative control and plant extracts. The results showed that D. stramonium and S. delagoense extracts at the application rates used in the study were relatively safer to H. variegata than B. madagascariensis (25% w/v); hence, the former two plants can be included in integrated pest management programmes.

Allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts from Datura stramonium on germination and plant growth of maize plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. S89
Author(s):  
Stef Ramona ◽  
Carabet Alin ◽  
Virteiu Ana Maria ◽  
Molnar Levente ◽  
Manea Dan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Maize Plants

scholarly journals Toxicity of plant extracts for control of Trialeurodes vaporariorum W. (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in laboratory and greenhouse tomatoes.

1969 ◽  
Vol 95 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
Octavio Angeles-Martínez ◽  
Ma. Rosario García-Mateos ◽  
Enrique Rodríguez-Pérez ◽  
Edna Sánchez-Alvarez ◽  
Marcos Soto-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Sida Acuta ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Natural Insecticides ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes ◽  
Arundo Donax L

The constant search for natural insecticides in the form of extracts from many plants has received attention, and many of these extracts have been evaluated for their effectiveness as insecticides. To determine the toxic effect of six plant species Arundo donax L. (Poaceae), Brassica campestris L. (Brassicaceae), Cynodon dactylon L. (Poaceae), Hura polyandra Baill. (Euphorbiaceae), Phytollacca icosandra L. (Phytolaccaceae) and Sida acuta Burn. (Malvaceae) on Trialeurodes vaporariorum W. (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) (adult whitefly), we evaluated the mortality rate and the lethal concentration (LC50) of the methanolic and aqueous extracts under laboratory and greenhouse conditions in a culture of Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. (Solanaceae). Analysis of Variance ANOVA and a test of comparison of means (Tukey, a = 0.05) showed a tendency of the methanolic extract in the six species towards a higher mortality rate and LC50 compared to that of the aqueous extract, both under greenhouse and laboratory conditions. The methanolic and aqueous extracts of A. donax and P. icosandra showed a higher toxicity under laboratory conditions (39.5 y 40.5%, respectively) than under greenhouse conditions (23.3 and 26.3%, respectively). The Treatments did not interfere with the tomato yield; so we are able to confirm the effectiveness of A. donax and P. icosandra extracts in the control of T. vaporariorum, which represents an ecological alternative for pest control in open field crops.

Effects of Pronamide on Spring Transition of a Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Green Overseeded With Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Spring Transition

Pronamide was applied to a ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass golf green overseeded with perennial ryegrass during 1988 and 1989 to determine how herbicide rate and date affected ryegrass injury on transition back to a bermudagrass monostand. In most instances, perennial ryegrass was injured less when pronamide was applied at 0.28 or 0.56 kg ai/ha March 30 or April 13 than when application was delayed until April 28 or May 14. Perennial ryegrass injury lasted longer when 0.28 kg/ha was applied twice (March and/or April) than when applied singly at 0.28 kg/ha March 30 or April 13. The optimum time and rate of pronamide for effective transition was April 13 and 0.56 kg/ha, respectively.

scholarly journals Antifungal Potential of Aqueous Extract of Some Traditional Plants on Microsporum Gypseum

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 2175-2179
Author(s):  
Puneet Sudan ◽  
Jitender Singh
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Keratinophilic Fungus ◽  
Microsporum Gypseum ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Capsicum Annum ◽  
Cinnamomum Tamala ◽  
Antifungal Potential

The aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica, Trigonella foenum graecum, Allium sativum, Cinnamomum tamala, Capsicum annum were used to test their antifungal properties against the keratinophilic fungus Microsporum gypseum. Plant aqueous extracts were taken at two different concentrations of 5% and 10%. The present study revealed that Allium sativum and Capsicum annum at 10% conc. had more potent antifungal potential as compared to all the other extracts followed by Azadirachta indica, Trigonella foenum graecum and Cinnamomum tamala.

Weed Survey Associated in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in Bilatte Tobacco Farm, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Daniel Abebe ◽  
Mekonnen Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Weed Survey

An in-field weed survey method was conducted to estimate the most frequently, density and abundance weed species present in Bilatte tobacco farm, Ethiopia during 2014 totally covered approximately 145 hectares. During study period a total number of 14 weed species belonging to 06 monocot and 08 dicot families were recorded out of 7 families of weed reported form study site. The most predominate was shown by monocot Poaceae having 4 weed species followed by dicot family Composite having 3 weeds. The families Cyperaceous, Solanaceae and Amaranthaceous each having 2 weeds, and the family Papaverceae represented by 1 weed. Based on % of frequency Cyperus esculentus (sedges) family Cyperaceous was 99.30. The data showed that Cynodon dactylon and Digitaria abyssinica belong to family Poaceae and Cyperus esculentus family Cyperaceous were the most abundant weed with a density of 35.9, 14 and 12 of plant m-2 respectively. Relative abundance values quantify the overall weed problem posed by specie Cyperus esculentus that had higher relative abundance was 98.97. The importance value index indicated that Cyperaceous and Poaceae families can be considered the great potential to cause reduce tobacco production. Whereas, Solanium nigrum and Datura stramonium were observed with least population density 0.00 and 1.03 plant m-2, least frequently 2.7 and 13.51 %, least relative weed abundance, 0.07 and 1.03 with importance value index 2.8 and 14.8 occurring weed respectively.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effects of Clinopodium menthifolium and Salvia sclarea aqueous extracts

2016 ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Sucur ◽  
Sonja Gvozdenac ◽  
Goran Anackov ◽  
Djordje Malencic ◽  
Dejan Prvulovic
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Jimson Weed ◽  
Salvia Sclarea ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Plant Herbivore

Secondary plant biomolecules are the main agents in biochemical inter?actions between plants and the environment. It is possible to distinguish the role of secondary biomolecules in allelopathic (plant-plant) activity, plant-insect, plant-microbe, plant-herbivore and others. These interactions can significantly affect the productivity of agricultural crops. Application of allelochemicals into agricultural practice may reduce the use of herbicides. Effect of Salvia sclarea L. and Clinopodium menthifolium (Host) aqueous extracts on lipid peroxidation process, as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes in leaves and roots of Jimson weed (Datura stramonium L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings were examined 24 h, 72 h and 120 h after the treatment. The third aim was to evaluate effectiveness of aqueous extract as contact toxicant against Rhyzopertha dominica. Our results showed that S. sclarea aqueous extract induced lipid peroxidation in roots of Jimson weed seedlings 24 h after the treatment. Furthermore, both tested concentrations of C. menthifolium aqueous extract induced lipid peroxidation in Jimson weed roots 72 h and 120 h after the treatment. It was observed that S. sclarea aqueous extract showed toxic effect against R. dominica, with high mortality rate (above 95%).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document