scholarly journals COMPOSITION FOR PROTECTING TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT AGAINST SALT DEPOSITS AND INTERNAL CORROSION

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Diphosphonic Acid ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Protective Layers ◽  
Corrosive Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Bond

Aimed studies on the synthesis of metal complexonates have carried out. The reaction of obtaining zincate zincate oxyethylene diphosphonic acid OEDP has studied. On the basis of synthesized zincate-OEDP, compositions of corrosion inhibitors and deposits of mineral salts with the addition of a vacuum residue of monoethanolamine (RMEA) and polyaminocrotanol (PKI-3), which are able to effectively suppress corrosion processes in environments with different initial corrosive activity, have been compiled. It is proved that the high efficiency of the composition OEDP : zincate-OEDP : PKI-3 (maximum protective effect - 97.9%) is much more effective than the composition OEDP : zincate-OEDP : RMEA (maximum protective effect - 92.0%). This is due to an increase in ammonium centers, the strength of complexonates based on OEDP, and the presence of a strong methyl-nitrogen bond in the compositions prepared with PKI-3, as a result of which stronger protective layers are formed on the surface of the metal subject to corrosion. Low-stage, energy-saving technologies for the production of inhibitors of mineral salt deposition and corrosion based on local raw materials and secondary industrial products have developed.

scholarly journals A Brief Review on Solvent-Free Synthesis of Zeolites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Jinlin Mei ◽  
Aijun Duan ◽  
Xilong Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Control Synthesis ◽  
Mechanical Mixing ◽  
Synthesis Mechanism ◽  
Wastewater Pollution ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Solvent Free Synthesis

The traditional hydrothermal method to prepare zeolite will inevitably use a large amount of water as a solvent, which will lead to higher autogenous pressure, low efficiency, and wastewater pollution. The solvent-free method can be used to synthesize various types of zeolites by mechanical mixing, grinding, and heating of solid raw materials, which exhibits the apparent advantages of high yield, low pollution, and high efficiency. This review mainly introduces the development process of solvent-free synthesis, preparation of hierarchical zeolite, morphology control, synthesis mechanism and applications of solvent-free methods. It can be believed that solvent-free methods will become a research focus and have enormous industrial application potential.

scholarly journals STUDY ON THE IN VITRO MORPHOGENETIC RESPONSE FROM SHOOT AND CALLUS CULTURES OF Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) Heyne ex. Roth

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (40) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Trang Phuong Nguyen Thi ◽  
Quang Minh Bui ◽  
Hai Duc Le ◽  
Linh Quoc Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Scientific Database ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Shoot Growth Rate

Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) Heyne ex. Roth is a short-term plant which contains many important secondarycompounds with high medicinal value. Currently, most of the researches focus on chemical composition and pharmacological activity, but the source of raw materials is very limited. In this study, the first step is transferring the samples from nature into in vitro culture conditions to understand the effects of the factors related to shooting and callus morphogenesis was performed, the first node from shoots apical meristem was isolated and sterilized with 1.5% NaOCl for 20 minutes to achieve high efficiency with 86.11% sterile samples and 85.56% shoot growth rate after 2 weeks of culture on MS medium. The shoot generation from axillary shoots was continued to be investigated with the highest number of shoots formed on MS medium supplemented with BA (1 mg / l) showed 1.53 shoots/implant which the height and the number of leavesare 3.65cm and 6.67, respectively. Besides, the formation of callus from leaves of MS medium supplemented with 2.4 - D (0.25 mg / l) achieved the rate of 66.67% of cultured samples, forming good callus after 4 weeks of culture. The results of the study not only contribute importantly to understanding morphogenesis for micropropagation purposes but also serve as the scientific database for further studies at the cellular and molecular levels of this plant.

scholarly journals New α-Aminophosphonates as Corrosion Inhibitors for Oil and Gas Pipelines Protection

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 963-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Nikitin ◽  
Georgy Shumatbaev ◽  
Dmitriy Terenzhev ◽  
Kirill Sinyashin ◽  
Kamila Kazimova
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Radical Chain ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Oil And Gas Pipelines ◽  
Effect Of Inhibitors

The problem of corrosion of metal equipment is one of the most actual problems in oil industry. One of the methods to solve this problem is the development of new low-toxic, accessible and effective corrosion inhibitors. For this purpose, we carried out the synthesis of the new α-aminophosphonates based on syntanyl phosphites, formalin and diethanolamine according to the Kabachnik-Fields reaction. The resulting products are characterized by 1H, 31P, 13C NMR, IR and mass spectroscopy methods. The obtained compounds contain a long radical chain of industrial (poly)ethoxylated alcohol residue with different length of the hydroxyethyl fragment, as well as an active center containing O-P-C-N fragment, which impart them inhibitory properties toward corrosion processes. The anticorrosive activity of the new aminophosphonates was studied by gravimetric analysis method. In the article the effect of concentration, time and degree of ethoxylation of the hydrocarbon radical in alpha-aminophosphonates on the protective effect of inhibitors was studies. It was shown that the obtained aminophosphonates exhibit high values of the protective effect of steel in a highly mineralized medium containing 250 g/m3 СО2 and 200 g/m3 Н2S. The high value of the protective effect (82-85 %) at inhibitor concentration of 25 mg/l was found. The maximum protective effect at 50 mg/ml dosage of the inhibitor is 94.3 %, while there is a decrease of the corrosion rate (less than 0.04 mm/year).

scholarly journals Barothermal Processing of Animal Feed Ingredients

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Syrovatka ◽  
Natalya V. Zhdanova ◽  
Aleksandr N. Rasskazov ◽  
Dmitriy I. Toropov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Superheated Steam ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
System P ◽  
User Friendly

Introduction. The article substantiates the need for high-temperature processing of feed ingredients. Principles of operation and design features of the applied methods and equipment for feed production are considered. Phase transitions, along with advantages and energy, technological, and technical drawbacks are highlighted. The aim of the study is to justify a possibility of creating high-efficiency production lines using heat treatment of feeds by application of heat valves ensuring continuous loading of raw materials into a reactor and discharge of the treated feed at high pressures and temperatures. Materials and Methods. It is proposed to transfer the process of barothermal processing to a higher zone of the phase diagram of the system p,t (pressure and temperature). This is a section of the superheated steam zone with temperature 300–374 °C, pressure 12–21 MPa and treatment exposure 30–60 seconds, which replaces costly processes of normalizing, expansion, extrusion and granulation. The change in enthalpy in the pressure range 0–21 MPa and temperature range 0–600 °C is shown. Thermal modes are presented as formulas which is the basic condition for the use of digital technologies. Results. The design of the reactor with a thermal gate for loading and unloading, being the main unit of the production line of the feed heat treatment, was proposed. The results of the study are fundamental for the development of the sample flow low-capacity line. Discussion and Conclusion. The transfer of the process of barothermic processing of feed into the zone of superheated steam allows for the transfer of poorly digestible elements of grain and legumes in easily digestible, pathogen-free feed. Advantages of the reactor and line include the user-friendly design, energy saving and possibility of implementation of advanced digital technologies.

PSXV-7 The mixture of herbal extracts that change the microbiome of the cattle rumen

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 261-262
Author(s):  
Roman Tuzikov ◽  
Baer Nurzhanov ◽  
Albert Rysaeff ◽  
Galimzhan Duskaev ◽  
Shamil Rakhmatullin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rumen Microbiota ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
St John’S Wort ◽  
Natural Agents ◽  
St John's Wort ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Bacteroidetes Phylum

Abstract Today, the search for new antibacterial natural agents based on plant raw materials is relevant. These raw materials have promising secondary metabolites that reduce the formation of methane in the ruminant scar. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the following extracts: oak bark+birch leaves (I group) (250 ml/head per day), oak bark + St. John’s wort grass (250 ml / head per day; II group) and birch leaves + St. John’s wort grass (III group; 250 ml/head per day) on the rumen microbiota of large cattle, against the background of control (C). Extracts added to the water of calves with rumen fistula (dairy breed, age 12 months, diet -70 % of hay, 30 % of grain feed, duration is 14 days). The microflora analyzed using high efficiency 16S rRNA (Illumina) gene sequencing. Plant extracts prepared by purification, grinding (1–2 mm) and extraction in a water bath (for 30 min, 70 ° C) and filtration. According to the study results, the inclusion of extracts led to increase of the Bacteroidetes phylum for 1.11–3.69 % in the practical groups in comparison with C. A decrease was obtained for Firmicutes for 2.06–3.55 % (p 0.05) and Proteobacteria. In the I group bacteria of the class Bacteroides increased by 0.9–5.64% and Candidatus Saccharibacteria increased by 0.25% (P = 0.05). In the III group the value increased by 0.64 % (P = 0.05). Compared to C at the level of the family Prevotellaceae dominated in all experimental groups by 1.04–9.11 % (P ≤ 0.05), in group III Bacteroidaceae dominated by 0.27 % and Rikenellaceae by 0.14 %. This contributes to the regulation of opportunistic microorganisms without harmful effects on the rumen microbiota. This research was performed with financial support from the project 0761-2019-0005.

scholarly journals Microwave-Assisted Heating Reactions of N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) in Sulfolane as a Method Generating 1,6-Anhydrosugars Consisting of Amino Monosaccharide Backbones

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1944
Author(s):  
Harumi Kaga ◽  
Masaru Enomoto ◽  
Hiroki Shimizu ◽  
Izuru Nagashima ◽  
Keigo Matsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Condition ◽  
General Feature ◽  
Time Course ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
High Potentials ◽  
Course Changes

The microwave-assisted heating reaction of N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) in sulfolane is described. The reaction produces two major products that are assignable to 1,6-anhydro-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranose (AGPNAc) and 1,6-anhydro-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-glucofuranose (AGFNAc). In order to reveal a general feature of the system, the 3, 5, and 10 min reactions were performed at 140, 160, 180, 200, and 220 °C to clarify the time course changes in the conversion of GlcNAc and the yields of the two produced 1,6-anhydrosugars. Temperature is a crucial factor that significantly affects the conversion of GlcNAc. The yields of AGPNAc and AGFNAc are also drastically changed depending on the reaction conditions. The 5-min reaction at 200 °C is shown to be the optimal condition to generate the 1,6-anhydrosugars with a high efficiency in which AGPNAc and AGFNAc are produced in the yields of 21% and 44%, respectively. Consequently, the microwave-assisted heating reaction of GlcNAc in sulfolane is shown to be a simple and promising pathway to generate 1,6-anhydrosugars consisting of amino monosaccharide backbones, which have high potentials as raw materials leading to biological oligosaccharides and biomimetic polysaccharides.

scholarly journals Low-Temperature High-Efficiency Preparation of TiB2 Micro-Platelets via Boro/Carbothermal Reduction in Microwave Heated Molten Salt

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 2555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Jianghao Liu ◽  
Yuan Zeng ◽  
Haijun Zhang ◽  
Zhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Carbothermal Reduction ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Crystalline Nature ◽  
Boron Carbide B4c ◽  
Hexagonal Platelet

A molten-salt and microwave co-facilitated boro/carbothermal reduction methodology was developed for low temperature high-efficiency synthesis of TiB2 powders. By using relatively inexpensive titanium oxide (TiO2), boron carbide (B4C) and amorphous carbon (C) as raw materials, single-phase TiB2 powders were prepared after 60 min at as low as 1150 °C or after only 20 min at 1200 °C. Such synthesis conditions were remarkably milder than those required by the conventional reduction routes using the identical reducing agent. As-synthesized TiB2 powders exhibited single-crystalline nature and well-grown hexagonal-platelet-like morphology. The achievement of low temperature high-efficiency preparation of high-quality TiB2 microplatelets in the present work was mainly attributable to the synergistic effects of molten-salt medium and microwave heating.

scholarly journals Utilization of Polypropylene in the Production of Metal-Filled Polymer Composites: Development and Characteristics

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2856
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Moravskyi ◽  
Anastasiia Kucherenko ◽  
Marta Kuznetsova ◽  
Ludmila Dulebova ◽  
Emil Spišák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Polymer Processing ◽  
Copper Coating ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Molding Method ◽  
Chemical Metallization

Metal-filled composites based on polypropylene waste have been successfully obtained with an injection molding method of metalized polymer raw materials. Using the model polymer, the peculiarities of the formation of the copper layer in solutions of chemical metallization on the polypropylene surface were investigated and the main factors influencing this process were established. The main influence on the rate of reduction of copper in solutions of chemical metallization has the concentration of copper sulfate, sodium hydroxide, and EDTA-Na2. It was shown that the efficiency of the copper plating process also strongly depends on polymer processing, which follows the activation. In case of the use of simple activation, it is not possible to obtain metalized raw materials with high efficiency. Additional processing of activated polymer raw materials is required to carry out the process with high efficiency. The amount of reduced copper on the polymer surface can be adjusted by changing the concentration of the components of the chemical metallization solution, as well as the degree of loading of the polymer raw material. Examination by electron scanning microscopy of the obtained metalized polypropylene showed that the copper coating on the polymer particles is formed with a high degree of surface coverage. The formed copper coating is free of copper oxides, which is confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies and analysis of the spectrum of characteristic X-rays. Metal-filled composites have been characterized by the effect of copper on mechanical and rheological (MFR) properties. The Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric (TG) methods show a certain effect of metal on the magnitude of thermal effects and the rate of weight loss.

scholarly journals Optimization of Tubular Microalgal Photobioreactors with Spiral Ribs under Single-Sided and Double-Sided Illuminations

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei ◽  
Wang ◽  
Wu
Keyword(s):  
Relative Position ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Cycle Frequency ◽  
Algal Suspension ◽  
Rib Structure

Microalgae can be raw materials for the production of clean energy and have great potential for development. The design of the microalgal photobioreactor (PBR) affects the mixing of the algal suspension and the utilization efficiency of the light energy, thereby affecting the high-efficiency cultivation of the microalgae. In this study, a spiral rib structure was introduced into a tubular microalgal PBR to improve the mixing performance and the light utilization efficiency. The number of spiral ribs, the inclination angle, and the velocity of the algal suspension were optimized for single-sided and double-sided parallel light illuminations with the same total incident light intensity. Next, the optimization results under the two illumination modes were compared. The results showed that the double-sided illumination did not increase the average light/dark (L/D) cycle frequency of the microalgae particles, but it reduced the efficiency of the L/D cycle enhancement. This outcome was analyzed from the point of view of the relative position between the L/D boundary and the vortex in the flow field. Finally, a method to increase the average L/D cycle frequency was proposed and validated. In this method, the relative position between the L/D boundary and the vortex was adjusted so that the L/D boundary passed through the central region of the vortex. This method can also be applied to the design of other types of PBRs to increase the average L/D cycle frequency.

Control of Internal Corrosion of Petroleum Products Pipelines With Oil Soluble Inhibitors★

CORROSION ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
M. R. BARUSCH ◽  
L G. HASKELL ◽  
R. L PIEHL
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Initial Operation ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Water Cloud ◽  
Products Pipeline

Abstract This article summarizes the corrosion inhibitor program of a products pipeline system since its initial operation eight years ago. Initially alkaline sodium nitrite solutions were utilized for corrosion protection. This material was an effective corrosion inhibitor, but its use resulted in the production of large quantities of rust and scale, and in addition contributed to water cloud problems. Use of an oil soluble corrosion inhibitor minimized these problems and resulted in improved protection of the pipeline. During the past three years an average internal corrosion rate of only 0.025 mil per year was observed, in spite of the fact that prolonged periods occurred when no inhibited product contacted sections of the pipe. A mechanism explaining the behavior of oil soluble corrosion inhibitors in a pipeline is presented. This theory accounts for the outstanding effectiveness of such materials and explains why they protect the metal during the prolonged periods when uninhibited stocks are present. The use of more than one oil soluble corrosion inhibitor in products transported through a pipeline causes mixtures of inhibitor molecules to be adsorbed on the surface of the pipe. One inhibitor in contact with the pipe tends to displace another inhibitor previously adsorbed on the surface. This results in some interchange of the corrosion inhibitors in the products transported. The degree of protection realized from the use of several corrosion inhibitors in a pipeline system is discussed. 5.8.2

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