scholarly journals Low-Temperature High-Efficiency Preparation of TiB2 Micro-Platelets via Boro/Carbothermal Reduction in Microwave Heated Molten Salt

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 2555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Jianghao Liu ◽  
Yuan Zeng ◽  
Haijun Zhang ◽  
Zhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Carbothermal Reduction ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Crystalline Nature ◽  
Boron Carbide B4c ◽  
Hexagonal Platelet

A molten-salt and microwave co-facilitated boro/carbothermal reduction methodology was developed for low temperature high-efficiency synthesis of TiB2 powders. By using relatively inexpensive titanium oxide (TiO2), boron carbide (B4C) and amorphous carbon (C) as raw materials, single-phase TiB2 powders were prepared after 60 min at as low as 1150 °C or after only 20 min at 1200 °C. Such synthesis conditions were remarkably milder than those required by the conventional reduction routes using the identical reducing agent. As-synthesized TiB2 powders exhibited single-crystalline nature and well-grown hexagonal-platelet-like morphology. The achievement of low temperature high-efficiency preparation of high-quality TiB2 microplatelets in the present work was mainly attributable to the synergistic effects of molten-salt medium and microwave heating.

scholarly journals Low-Temperature Molten Salt Synthesis and the Characterisation of Submicron-Sized Al8B4C7 Powder

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Cheng Liu ◽  
Xueyin Liu ◽  
Zhaoping Hou ◽  
Quanli Jia ◽  
Benjun Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Thermal Reduction ◽  
Molten Salt Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Direct Reaction ◽  
Liquid Reaction ◽  
Reduction Methods

Submicron-sized (~200 nm) aluminium boron carbide (Al8B4C7) particles were synthesised from Al, B4C and carbon black raw materials in a molten NaCl-based salt at a relatively low temperature. The effects of the salt type/assembly and the firing temperature on the synthesis process were examined, and the relevant reaction mechanisms discussed. The molten salt played an important role in the Al8B4C7 formation process. By using a combined salt of 95%NaCl + 5%NaF, an effective liquid reaction medium was formed, greatly facilitating the Al8B4C7 formation. As a result, essentially phase-pure Al8B4C7 was obtained after 6 h of firing at 1250 °C. This temperature was 350–550 °C lower than that required by the conventional direct reaction and thermal reduction methods.

Low-temperature molten salt synthesis of MoS2@CoS2 heterostructures for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (41) ◽  
pp. 5548-5551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song He ◽  
Hongfang Du ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Qianchi Liu ◽  
Jinmeng Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Molten Salt Synthesis

A facile low-temperature molten salt approach has been successfully developed to construct MoS2@CoS2 heterostructures for high-efficiency hydrogen evolution reaction.

scholarly journals Low-temperature swirl method of burning combustible waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Alexey Trinchenko
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Quantitative Estimate ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Swirl Combustion ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Hydrolytic Lignin

Burning combustible industrial waste increases the efficiency of using raw materials while at the same time solving the issues of protecting the environment from pollution by eliminating waste dumps. The paper deals with the low-temperature swirl method of waste incineration of microbiological production  hydrolytic lignin. A combustion device has been developed that allows using hydrolytic lignin as a fuel for the production of electrical energy and heat without illumination of the torch and with high efficiency and reduced emissions of gaseous pollutants into the atmosphere. On the basis of the developed model of the boiler TP-35U, a quantitative estimate of the level of nitrogen oxides was made when introducing the low-temperature swirl method. The results of the calculations show the advantages of low-temperature swirl combustion of hydrolytic lignin.

Preparation and Characterization of Magnesium Borate Whisker

2013 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 481-484
Author(s):  
Zhi Liang Jin ◽  
Xu Jing ◽  
Yuan Hong ◽  
Xue Ying Nai ◽  
Li Wu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Price Ratio ◽  
Magnesium Borate ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Ft Ir

Being a new whisker products with high performance to price ratio, magnesium borate whiskers with a length of 10 - 50μm and a diameter of 0.5 - 2μm were prepared by molten salt and characterized by XRD, FT - IR, SEM and chemical titration. The experiments show that the synthesis conditions are as follows: raw materials ratio: Mg:B:flux =1:11.05:1-3.5(mol); reaction temperature: 800 - 950°C;reaction time:6 - 10hours; flux: NaCl、KCl or NaOH.

scholarly journals Low temperature-rapid preparation of HfB2–SiC powders by microwave/molten salt assisted boro/carbothermal reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (8) ◽  
pp. 528-534
Author(s):  
Jiangfeng HE ◽  
Yuan ZENG ◽  
Zhong HUANG ◽  
Jianghao LIU ◽  
Yunbo CAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Carbothermal Reduction ◽  
Rapid Preparation

Low-Temperature Rapid Synthesis of Rod-Like ZrB2 Powders by Molten-Salt and Microwave Co-Assisted Carbothermal Reduction

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 2895-2898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianghao Liu ◽  
Zhong Huang ◽  
Chaoge Huo ◽  
Faliang Li ◽  
Haijun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Carbothermal Reduction ◽  
Rapid Synthesis

scholarly journals Possibility of Humid Municipal Wastes Hygienisation Using Gliding Arc Plasma Reactor

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Joanna Pawłat ◽  
Piotr Terebun ◽  
Michał Kwiatkowski ◽  
Katarzyna Wolny-Koładka
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Low Temperature Plasma ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
Gliding Arc

Sterilization of municipal waste for a raw material for the production of refuse-derived fuel and to protect surface and ground waters against biological contamination during transfer and storage creates a lot of problems. This paper evaluates the antimicrobial potential of non-equilibrium plasma in relation to the selected groups of microorganisms found in humid waste. The proposed research is to determine whether mixed municipal waste used for the production of alternative fuels can be sterilized effectively using low-temperature plasma generated in a gliding arc discharge reactor in order to prevent water contamination and health risk for working staff. This work assesses whether plasma treatment of raw materials in several process variants effectively eliminates or reduces the number of selected groups of microorganisms living in mixed municipal waste. The presence of vegetative bacteria and endospores, mold fungi, actinobacteria Escherichia coli, and facultative pathogens, i.e., Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium perfringens in the tested material was microbiologically analyzed. It was found that the plasma treatment differently contributes to the elimination of various kinds of microorganisms in the analyzed raw materials. The effectiveness of sterilization depended mainly on the time of raw materials contact with low-temperature plasma. The results are very promising and require further research to optimize the proposed hygienization process.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effects of Fe2O3 Nanotube/Polyaniline Composites for an Electrochemical Supercapacitor with Enhanced Capacitance

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1557
Author(s):  
Farkhod Azimov ◽  
Jihee Kim ◽  
Seong Min Choi ◽  
Hyun Min Jung
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Anodized Aluminum ◽  
Anodized Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Polyaniline Composites ◽  
Fe2o3 Nanotubes

α-Fe2O3, which is an attractive material for supercapacitor electrodes, has been studied to address the issue of low capacitance through structural development and complexation to maximize the use of surface pseudocapacitance. In this study, the limited performance of α-Fe2O3 was greatly improved by optimizing the nanotube structure of α-Fe2O3 and its combination with polyaniline (PANI). α-Fe2O3 nanotubes (α-NT) were fabricated in a form in which the thickness and inner diameter of the tube were controlled by Fe(CO)5 vapor deposition using anodized aluminum oxide as a template. PANI was combined with the prepared α-NT in two forms: PANI@α-NT-a enclosed inside and outside with PANI and PANI@α-NT-b containing PANI only on the inside. In contrast to α-NT, which showed a very low specific capacitance, these two composites showed significantly improved capacitances of 185 Fg−1 for PANI@α-NT-a and 62 Fg−1 for PANI@α-NT-b. In the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis, it was observed that the resistance of charge transfer was minimized in PANI@α-NT-a, and the pseudocapacitance on the entire surface of the α-Fe2O3 nanotubes was utilized with high efficiency through binding and conductivity improvements by PANI. PANI@α-NT-a exhibited a capacitance retention of 36% even when the current density was increased 10-fold, and showed excellent stability of 90.1% over 3000 charge–discharge cycles. This approach of incorporating conducting polymers through well-controlled nanostructures suggests a solution to overcome the limitations of α-Fe2O3 electrode materials and improve performance.

scholarly journals A Brief Review on Solvent-Free Synthesis of Zeolites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Jinlin Mei ◽  
Aijun Duan ◽  
Xilong Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Control Synthesis ◽  
Mechanical Mixing ◽  
Synthesis Mechanism ◽  
Wastewater Pollution ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Solvent Free Synthesis

The traditional hydrothermal method to prepare zeolite will inevitably use a large amount of water as a solvent, which will lead to higher autogenous pressure, low efficiency, and wastewater pollution. The solvent-free method can be used to synthesize various types of zeolites by mechanical mixing, grinding, and heating of solid raw materials, which exhibits the apparent advantages of high yield, low pollution, and high efficiency. This review mainly introduces the development process of solvent-free synthesis, preparation of hierarchical zeolite, morphology control, synthesis mechanism and applications of solvent-free methods. It can be believed that solvent-free methods will become a research focus and have enormous industrial application potential.

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