scholarly journals Allergy to grass pollen: mapping of Dactylis glomerata and Phleum pratense allergens for dogs by two-dimensional immunoblotting

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 60-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Miguel Lourenço Martins ◽  
Andreia Grilo Marques ◽  
Luísa Maria Dotti Silva Pereira ◽  
Saul José Semião-Santos ◽  
Ofélia Pereira Bento
Keyword(s):  
Grass Pollen ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Two Dimensional

Evaluation of mineral fertilizer effects in a long-term experiment on a planted sward

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Kádár
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Term Experiment ◽  
Long Term Experiment

Egy műtrágyázási tartamkísérlet 32. évében, 2005-ben vizsgáltuk az eltérő N-, P- és K-ellátottsági szintek és kombinációik hatását a réti csenkesz (Festuca pratensis) vezérnövényű, nyolckomponensű, pillangós nélküli gyepkeverék termésére, fejlődésére és elemtartalmára. A termőhely mészlepedékes csernozjom talaja a szántott rétegben mintegy 3% humuszt, 3–5% CaCO3-ot és 20–22% agyagot tartalmazott, N és K elemekben közepesen, P és Zn elemekben gyengén ellátottnak minősült. A kísérlet 4N×4P×4K = 64 kezelést×2 ismétlést = 128 parcellát foglalt magában. A talajvíz 13–15 m mélyen helyezkedik el, a terület aszályérzékeny. A vizsgált 2005. évben azonban kielégítő mennyiségű (649 mm) csapadék hullott és annak eloszlása is kedvező volt. A gyep telepítése spenót elővetemény után 2000. szeptember 20-án történt gabona sortávra 60 kg·ha–1 vetőmaggal, amelynek 25%-át (15 kg) a réti csenkesz (Festuca pratensis); 21–21%-át (12,6 kg) a nádképű csenkesz (Festuca arundinacea) és az angol perje (Lolium perenne); 9%-át (5,4 kg) a taréjos búzafű (Agropyron cristatum), valamint 6–6%-át (3,6 kg) a vörös csenkesz (Festuca rubra), a réti komócsin (Phleum pratense), a zöld pántlikafű (Phalaris arundinacea) és a csomós ebír (Dactylis glomerata) tette ki. Főbb eredményeink: – A meghatározó N-trágyázás nyomán a szénatermés 5-szörösére emelkedett a két kaszálással a N-kontrollhoz viszonyítva. A maximális 10 t·ha–1 körüli légszáraz szénahozamokat a 300 kg N·ha–1·év–1 N-adag, valamint a 150 mg·kg–1 körüli AL-P2O5-, illetve 150 mg·kg–1 feletti AL-K2O-tartalom biztosította. Növénydiagnosztikai szempontból a nagy terméshez kötődő optimális elemtartalom 2% körüli N- és K-, illetve 0,2–0,3% P-koncentráció volt a szénában. – A két kaszálással felvett minimum (a 2 t·ha–1 körüli szénatermést adó N-kontroll) és maximum (a 10 t·ha–1 körüli szénahozamú, nitrogénnel és PK-vel jól ellátott talajok) elemmennyiségek a következőképpen alakultak: N 21–196 kg, K 39–188 kg, Ca 9–48 kg, Mg 4–22 kg, P 6–21 kg. – Az N×P és N×K kölcsönhatások kifejezettebbé váltak a 2. kaszálás idején. A P 0,18–0,55%, a NO3-N 86–1582 mg·kg–1, a Cu 4,7–7,4 mg·kg–1, a Mo 0,7–4,1 mg·kg–1 extrém értékeket jelzett az N×P kezelések függvényében. Az N×K kezelésekben a K 1,44–2,73%, a Mg 0,26–0,39%, a Na 71–2178 mg·kg–1, a Ba 4,1–9,6 mg·kg–1, a Cd 15–44 µg·kg–1 szélsőértékekkel volt jellemezhető. A Sr a 10–26 mg·kg–1 koncentrációtartományban módosult a P×K-ellátottság nyomán. Élettani, takarmányozástani szempontból az indukált kölcsönhatások nyomon követése elengedhetetlen, amennyiben olyan mérvű tápelemhiányok, illetve aránytalanságok jöhetnek létre, melyek anyagcserezavarokat okozhatnak a növényt fogyasztó állatban.

Productivity of the forage of perennial grasses and their mixtures on drained peatlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (91) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
V.H. Kurhak ◽  
M.I. Shtakal ◽  
V.M. Shtakal
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
High Productivity

There showed the productivity, chemical composition of feed and the timing of mowing of grass and variety mixes of permanent grasses on drained peat soils of Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The presence of early rip­ ened seeded grass provides a uniform supply use mowed mass from middle May until the end of September and the productivity of lands, which ranges from 10 to 14 t/ha of dry weight, metabolizable energy – 100.0 – 130.0 GJ and feed units 7-11 t/ha. Additional manuring of N90 on the background Р45К120 is effective at the start of second year of use. On the organization of hay conveyors of different ripening time herbages is possible to extend the optimal tim­ ing of mowing of green mass to 25-35 days. Best among the early-maturing grass crops are Dactylis glomerata va­ riety Kyivska rannia-1 with Alopecurus pratensis variety Sarnenskiy ranniy or its mixture with Bromus inermis and Festuca pratensis. With medium ripening – pure sowing eastern fescue of variety Lyudmila, Phalaris arundinacea variety Sarnenski-40, Bromus inermis variety Arsen and their compounds. High productivity of late-ripening herb­ age is provided by the inclusion in the composition of grass mixtures of Phleum pratense L. variety Vyshgorodska and Dactylis glomerata of variety Ukrainka, and Agrostis gigantea Roth variety Sarnenska piznia. It is also possible organization hay conveyors of different ripening varieties of Dactylis glomerata varieties Kyivska rannia, Muravka, Ukrainka.

NITROGENASE ACTIVITY OF ALFALFA GROWN ALONE AND IN MIXTURE WITH GRASS UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-791
Author(s):  
H. A. BURITY ◽  
B. E. COULMAN ◽  
M. A. FARIS
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L ◽  
Nodule Tissue

A greenhouse experiment has shown that total nitrogenase activity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is not significantly affected when grown in association with timothy (Phleum pratense L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) or orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) except after initial harvest when decreased alfalfa activity was associated with smooth bromegrass or orchardgrass. It was concluded that mixed cultures of alfalfa with timothy, smooth bromegrass or orchardgrass have no effect on alfalfa N2 fixation. The results also suggest the occurrence of N transference from alfalfa to associated grasses. It is speculated that this transfer is not primarily due to the death of roots and nodule tissue (after harvest), but involves some degree of N excretion during the period before initial harvest.Key words: Alfalfa-grass mixtures, N2-fixation, nodule activity, N-transference

COPPER, MOLYBDENUM AND SULFUR CONTENTS OF FORAGE CROPS AT KAPUSKASING, ONTARIO

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. LESSARD ◽  
M. HIDIROGLOU ◽  
R. B. CARSON ◽  
J. M. WAUTHY
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Each of the species birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) was grown in the field on 10 plots sampled at weekly intervals in rotation from June 13. Each plot was resampled after 6 weeks and all samples were analyzed for copper, molybdenum and sulfur. In most species, levels of Cu and Mo were highest in the early samplings and decreased with advancing maturity. Second-cut samples tended to be higher in Cu, Mo and S than first-cut samples. The S content was more uniform in the first cycle but increased considerably in the second cycle, especially in reed canarygrass. The ranges in Cu content were 7.4 to 14.1 ppm for birdsfoot trefoil and 3.7 to 11.4 ppm for the grasses. Mo ranged from 1.9 to 8.1 ppm in birdsfoot trefoil and from 1.0 to 6.5 ppm in the grasses. The overall range in S content was from 0.14 to 0.95%. The mineral composition of the crops is discussed in relation to the requirement of ruminants for these three elements.

Xanthomonas campestris pv. graminis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Reay
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Natural Host Range

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas campestris pv. graminis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Lolium italicum, L. multiflorum, L. perenne, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca pratensis, and Trisetum flavescens. Single cases of natural infection of Agropyron repens, Phalaris arundinacea and Phleum pratense are also recorded (62, 241), but their status in the natural host range is unknown. In inoculation tests (Egli et al., 1975; Egli & Schmidt, 1982) the following were highly susceptible: Alopecurus pratensis, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, F. pratensis, F. rubra, Lolium loliaceum, L. multiforum, L. parabolicae, L. perenne, L. remotum, L. temulentum, Phleum arenarium and P. bertolonii. Showing much less susceptibility were Agrostis alba, Arrhenatherum elatius, Phleum alpinum, P. phleoides, P. pratense, Poa annua, P. compressa, P. fertilis, P. memoralis, P. pratensis and P. trivialis. Leyns et al. (61, 6162) found that Agrosas tenuis and Festuca ovina were moderately susceptible when inoculated. Egli et al. (1975) recorded doubtful symptoms on Hordeum vulgare and Triacum aestivam on inoculation, but consider that they are unlikely to be naturally infected. DISEASE: Bacterial wilt of forage grasses. Symptoms usually first noticed at the heading stage, when young leaves curl and wither, and shoots remain stunted or may die. Other plants will continue to make poor growth and produce small, distorted inflorescences. Chlorotic and necrotic zones form on the older leaves along long stretches of vascular bundles, often extending into the sheaths. Bacterial streaming may be seen under the microscope from the cut ends of vascular bundles of infected tissue mounted in water. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: CMI Map 533, ed. 1, 1979 lists France, Germany, Switzerland and Wales, to which must be added Scotland (63, 2925), Belgium (61, 4199), Netherlands, Norway (62, 241), and New Zealand (62, 241). Possibly in USA (IL; 61, 5045) though this disease is currently attributed to a Rickettsia- like organism. TRANSMISSION: Within the crop transmission is presumed to be by the blades of mowing machines.

Influence of neighbors on node production, stolon growth, and branching of Trifolium repens transplants in a pasture

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1266-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Turkington ◽  
Elena Klein
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Holcus Lanatus ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

Ten individual plants of Trifolium repens L. were transplanted into a 49-year-old cattle pasture in British Columbia. They were protected from grazing and their subsequent growth was monitored at 2- to 3-week intervals throughout the summer from May to October. The rate of stolon elongation was greatest (2.01 cm ∙ week−1) in late July and a maximum rate of node production (1.48 new nodes per stolon ∙ week−1) occurred in early August. As stolons extended through the pasture they encountered a number of different grass species: Dactylis glomerata, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense, and Poa spp. The stolons grew through a total of 2 m of H. lanatus neighborhood and produced only 3 branches, whereas they produced 11 branches in only 57.2 cm of P. pratense neighborhood. Neighboring grasses impose different local environments on the nodes and stolons of T. repens and consequently influence the dynamics of node production, the rate of stolon elongation, and the amount of stolon branching. Key words: stolon branching, neighbors, light quality, Trifolium repens.

scholarly journals Effects of grass species on ruminal degradability of silages and prediction of dry matter effective degradability

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 315-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jančík ◽  
V. Koukolová ◽  
P. Kubelková ◽  
B. Čermák
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Ruminant Nutrition ◽  
Accuracy Level ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

Forty samples of grass silages, made from the five most widely used grass species in ruminant nutrition (<I>Dactylis glomerata</I> L.,<I>Phleum pratense</I> L., <I>Lolium perenne</I> L., <I>Festuca arundinacea</I> L. and hybrid Felina) were tested in the present study. These grass species conserved by an ensiling process were compared among each other according to dry matter (DM) rumen degradability parameters (<I>a</I> = portion of DM solubilized at initiation of incubation, <I>b</I> = fraction of DM potentially degradable in the rumen, <I>c</I> = rate constant of disappearance of fraction b and ED<sub>DM</sub> = effective degradability of DM, estimated for each ingredient assuming the rumen solid outflow rates of 0.02 (ED<sub>DM2</sub>), 0.05 (ED<sub>DM5</sub>) and 0.08 (ED<sub>DM8</sub>) h<sup>–1</sup>). Based on the chemical composition of grass silages the regression equations for prediction of ED<sub>DM</sub> were evaluated. The influence of the ensiling process on dry matter degradability parameters was also assessed. The best values of ED<sub>DM</sub> were determined for <I>Lolium perenne</I> (ED<sub>DM2</sub> = 753.2, ED<sub>DM5</sub> = 631.1 and ED<sub>DM8</sub> = 567.7 g/kg DM). The best predictor was NDF (<I>R</I><sup>2</sup>-values of 0.757 (ED<sub>DM2</sub>), 0.863 (ED<sub>DM5</sub>) and 0.906 (ED<sub>DM8</sub>)). Using two predictors the accuracy level increased. The combination of CF and NDF gave <I>R</I><sup>2</sup>-values 0.892, 0.920 and 0.929 for ED<sub>DM2</sub>, ED<sub>DM5</sub> and ED<sub>DM8</sub>, respectively. The regression equations based on the most important grass species harvested in different vegetation periods seem to be a useful tool for practical use. No significant <I>P</I> < 0.05) effect of the ensiling process in relation to dry matter rumen degradability parameters was proved.

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