Influence of neighbors on node production, stolon growth, and branching of Trifolium repens transplants in a pasture

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1266-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Turkington ◽  
Elena Klein
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Holcus Lanatus ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

Ten individual plants of Trifolium repens L. were transplanted into a 49-year-old cattle pasture in British Columbia. They were protected from grazing and their subsequent growth was monitored at 2- to 3-week intervals throughout the summer from May to October. The rate of stolon elongation was greatest (2.01 cm ∙ week−1) in late July and a maximum rate of node production (1.48 new nodes per stolon ∙ week−1) occurred in early August. As stolons extended through the pasture they encountered a number of different grass species: Dactylis glomerata, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense, and Poa spp. The stolons grew through a total of 2 m of H. lanatus neighborhood and produced only 3 branches, whereas they produced 11 branches in only 57.2 cm of P. pratense neighborhood. Neighboring grasses impose different local environments on the nodes and stolons of T. repens and consequently influence the dynamics of node production, the rate of stolon elongation, and the amount of stolon branching. Key words: stolon branching, neighbors, light quality, Trifolium repens.

Effects of fertilizer salt concentration on viability of seed and Rhizobium used for hydroseeding

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 701-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Carr ◽  
T. M. Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L ◽  
Fertilizer Solution

For testing salt effects on seed and Rhizobium, 10–30–10 fertilizer and KCl solutions were used; the solutions had an osmotic potential of − 2.5 MPa, equivalent to 90 kg of the fertilizer per cubic metre of water. Solution contact for 1 h slightly affected the viability of Rhizobium trifolii Dangeard but the effects were not of practical significance. Reduced viability was exhibited by Festuca arundinacea Schreb., F. rubra L. var. commutata Gaud., and Trifolium repens L. seed which had been rinsed after 1 h of fertilizer solution contact. Agrostis alba L., Dactylis glomerata L., F. rubra L., Lolium perenne L., L. multiflorum L., Phleum pratense L., T. hybridum L., and T. pratense L. were not significantly affected. In tests of seed unrinsed after solution contact for 1 h, viability of F. rubra, F. arundinacea, and T. repens was significantly reduced; that of L. multiflorum was not. Trifolium repens was more affected than in the test of rinsed seed.As T. repens viability was reduced as much as 30%, seed of this species might be applied separately from hydroseeder slurries having high fertilizer concentrations. Significant effects on other species tested are too small to influence hydroseeding methods, but amount and proportion of the seed mix may be altered where high fertilizer concentrations are used.

scholarly journals ЕЛЕМЕНТИ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ СТВОРЕННЯ ПАСОВИЩ ДЛЯ ОЛЕНЯ ЛІСОВОГО В УМОВАХ ВОЛЬЄРНОГО РОЗВЕДЕННЯ

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
L. M. Bugryn ◽  
T. V. Partyka ◽  
O. M. Pokhaliuk
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Vicia Cracca ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Проаналізовано рослинний та ґрунтовий покрив земель, виведених із сільськогосподарського користування під влаштування фермерського мисливського господарства. Видовий склад на території вольєра нараховує 60 видів рослин, більшість з яких представлена різнотрав'ям, а основні злаки характеризуються низькою кормовою цінністю. Бобові представлені тільки розкиданими екземплярами горошку мишачого (Vicia cracca L.) та конюшини повзучої (Trifolium repens L.). Така невелика кількість цінних злакових і бобових трав зумовлює необхідність докорінного покращення наявних пасовищ. Виявлено низьку забезпеченість ґрунтів досліджуваної території поживними елементами, низький ступінь гумусованості, кислу реакцію середовища. Характеристики ґрунту зумовлюють використання як бобового компонента травосуміші лядвенцю рогатого (Lotus corniculatus L.) та конюшини гібридної (Trifolium hybridum L.). Запропоновано в умовах Полісся Західного на середньозволожених луках із мінеральними ґрунтами на територіях, виведених із сільськогосподарського використання, залужувати пасовища для оленя лісового (Cervus elaphus L.) сумішами із тимофіївки лучної (Phleum pratense L.), грястиці збірної (Dactylis glomerata L.), пажитниці багаторічної (Lolium perenne L.), лядвенцю рогатого та конюшини гібридної.

scholarly journals Comportamiento productivo de pasto ballico perenne solo y asociado con pasto ovillo y trébol blanco

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-353
Author(s):  
Sergio Iban Mendoza Pedroza ◽  
Alfonso Hernández Garay ◽  
Adelaido Rafael Rojas García ◽  
Humberto Vaquera Huerta ◽  
Omar Ramírez Reynoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Se evaluó el pasto ballico perenne (Lolium perenne L.) en monocultivo y cuatro asociaciones con pasto ovillo (Dactylis glomerata L.) y trébol blanco (Trifolium repens L.) en diferentes proporciones para maximizar el rendimiento de materia seca. Las proporciones en monocultivo y las asociaciones de ballico perenne, ovillo y trébol blanco fueron: 100:00:00, 70:20:10, 50:00:50, 40:40:20 y 20:70:10, las cuales se distribuyeron bajo un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con tres repeticiones. Se evaluó el rendimiento de materia seca, composición botánica y morfológica, relación hoja:tallo y densidad de plantas. La asociación 50:00:50 superó 15% (3 671 kg MS ha-1) a la asociación 70:20:10. El ballico perenne contribuyó más al rendimiento de materia seca en otoño e invierno, mientras que el ovillo y trébol blanco en primavera y verano. Independientemente de la asociación la densidad de plantas fue de 29, 25, 20 y 11 plantas m-2 para otoño, invierno, primavera y verano, respectivamente, con un promedio de pérdida de plantas de 62%. La contribución de cada especie en la composición botánica de las asociaciones fue variable durante el periodo de estudio. Ballico perenne aporto el 46, 40, 29 y 14% en otoño, invierno, primavera y verano, observándose una disminución conforme transcurrió el tiempo de evaluación (p< 0.05). La asociación que obtuvo las mejores características del rendimiento fue 50:00:50% de ballico perenne, pasto ovillo y trébol blanco.

Plasticity in growth and patterns of dry matter distribution of two genotypes of Trifolium repens grown in different environments of neighbours

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 2186-2194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Turkington
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Hostile Environment ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Mobile Plant ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

Replicates of two genotypes of Trifolium repens L., collected from a Poa pratensis dominated sward and a Dactylis glomerata dominated sward, respectively, were grown in swards composed of various proportions of P. pratensis and D. glomerata. These swards represented a range of environments of neighbours; an increasing proportion of P. pratensis was considered as an increasingly alien environment for individuals of T. repens collected from the D. glomerata dominated site, and vice-versa for the individuals from the P. pratensis dominated site. The individuals of T. repens were harvested on five occasions over a period of 27 months. Both genotypes responded to increasingly alien environments by producing more inflorescences and by distributing proportionately more dry matter to inflorescence production. Some evidence is also presented which suggests that allocation to stolons and inflorescences are alternatives and the balance of the trade off is dependent on the advantages of possibly producing new, better adapted offspring from seed, against the chances of a wandering stolon encountering a less hostile environment. Results are discussed in the context of environmental alienness, a major source of which is the different relative proportions of neighbours. The various genotypes of organisms which a relatively mobile plant species encounters are a major source of this environmental, or biotic, alienness.

scholarly journals Effects of grass species on ruminal degradability of silages and prediction of dry matter effective degradability

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 315-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jančík ◽  
V. Koukolová ◽  
P. Kubelková ◽  
B. Čermák
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Ruminant Nutrition ◽  
Accuracy Level ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

Forty samples of grass silages, made from the five most widely used grass species in ruminant nutrition (<I>Dactylis glomerata</I> L.,<I>Phleum pratense</I> L., <I>Lolium perenne</I> L., <I>Festuca arundinacea</I> L. and hybrid Felina) were tested in the present study. These grass species conserved by an ensiling process were compared among each other according to dry matter (DM) rumen degradability parameters (<I>a</I> = portion of DM solubilized at initiation of incubation, <I>b</I> = fraction of DM potentially degradable in the rumen, <I>c</I> = rate constant of disappearance of fraction b and ED<sub>DM</sub> = effective degradability of DM, estimated for each ingredient assuming the rumen solid outflow rates of 0.02 (ED<sub>DM2</sub>), 0.05 (ED<sub>DM5</sub>) and 0.08 (ED<sub>DM8</sub>) h<sup>–1</sup>). Based on the chemical composition of grass silages the regression equations for prediction of ED<sub>DM</sub> were evaluated. The influence of the ensiling process on dry matter degradability parameters was also assessed. The best values of ED<sub>DM</sub> were determined for <I>Lolium perenne</I> (ED<sub>DM2</sub> = 753.2, ED<sub>DM5</sub> = 631.1 and ED<sub>DM8</sub> = 567.7 g/kg DM). The best predictor was NDF (<I>R</I><sup>2</sup>-values of 0.757 (ED<sub>DM2</sub>), 0.863 (ED<sub>DM5</sub>) and 0.906 (ED<sub>DM8</sub>)). Using two predictors the accuracy level increased. The combination of CF and NDF gave <I>R</I><sup>2</sup>-values 0.892, 0.920 and 0.929 for ED<sub>DM2</sub>, ED<sub>DM5</sub> and ED<sub>DM8</sub>, respectively. The regression equations based on the most important grass species harvested in different vegetation periods seem to be a useful tool for practical use. No significant <I>P</I> < 0.05) effect of the ensiling process in relation to dry matter rumen degradability parameters was proved.

scholarly journals The resistance of Lolium perenne L. × hybridum, Poa pratensis, Festuca rubra, F. arundinacea, Phleum pratense and Dactylis glomerata to soil pollution by diesel oil and petroleum

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Wyszkowska ◽  
Agata Borowik ◽  
Jan Kucharski
Keyword(s):  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Resistance of common European grasses to diesel oil and petroleum pollution is not well-known. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the level of resistance of selected grasses to pollution by diesel and petroleum using the pot experiment. The achieved results were compared with those determined for grasses grown on the non-polluted soil. Soil pollution with the tested products was found to significantly decrease the yield of all grasses, with the decrease being lower upon soil pollution with petroleum than with diesel oil. The most resistant to the pollution with diesel oil and petroleum were Phleum pratense L., Lolium perenne L. and Lolium × hybridum Hausskn. The degradation of particular groups of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) depended on their chemical properties, on the type of pollutant and grass species. The greatest degradation was determined in the case of BTEX, C<sub>6</sub>–C<sub>12</sub> benzines as well as 2- and 3-ring hydrocarbons, whereas the lowest in the case of 5-and 6-ring hydrocarbons and C<sub>12</sub>–C<sub>25</sub> oils. The most useful species in the remediation of soils polluted with diesel oil and petroleum turned out to be: Lolium perenne L., Lolium × hybridum Hausskn and Phleum pratense L., whereas the least useful appeared to be: Festuca rubra, Dactylis glomerata L. and Poa pratensis L.

scholarly journals Contribution of different grass species to plant-atmosphere ammonia exchange in intensively managed grassland

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mattsson ◽  
B. Herrmann ◽  
S. Jones ◽  
A. Neftel ◽  
M. A. Sutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Compensation Point ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Apoplastic Ph ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Ammonia Exchange

Abstract. Species diversity in grasslands usually declines with increasing input of nitrogen from fertilizers or atmospheric deposition. Conversely, species diversity may also impact the build-up of soil and plant nitrogen pools. One important pool is NH3/NH4+ which also can be exchanged between plant leaves and the atmosphere. Limited information is available on how plant-atmosphere ammonia exchange is related to species diversity in grasslands. We have here investigated grass species abundance and different foliar nitrogen pools in 4-year-old intensively managed grassland. Apoplastic pH and NH4+ concentrations of the 8 most abundant species (Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense, Festuca pratensis, Lolium multiflorum, Poa pratensis, Dactylis glomerata, Holcus lanatus, Bromus mollis) were used to calculate stomatal NH3 compensation points. Apoplastic NH4+ concentrations differed considerably among the species, ranging from 13 to 117 μM, with highest values in Festuca pratensis. Also apoplastic pH values varied, from pH 6.0 in Phleum pratense to 6.9 in Dactylis glomerata. The observed differences in apoplastic NH4+ and pH resulted in a large span of predicted values for the stomatal NH3 compensation point which ranged between 0.20 and 6.57 nmol mol−1. Three species (Lolium perenne, Festuca pratensis and Dactylis glomerata) had sufficiently high NH3 compensation point and abundance to contribute to the bi-directional NH3 fluxes recorded over the whole field. The other 5 grass species had NH3 compensation points considerably below the atmospheric NH3 concentration and were thus not likely to contribute to NH3 emission but only to NH3 uptake from the atmosphere. Evaluated across species, leaf bulk-tissue NH4+ concentrations correlated well (r2=0.902) with stomatal NH3 compensation points calculated on the basis of the apoplastic bioassay. This suggests that leaf tissue NH4+ concentrations combined with data for the frequency distribution of the corresponding species can be used for predicting the NH3 exchange potential of a mixed grass sward.

The colonization of dung pats and molehills in permanent pastures

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1706-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Parish ◽  
Roy Turkington
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Holcus Lanatus ◽  
Community Heterogeneity ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Different Ages

The colonization of areas affected by molehills and dung pats was monitored in three adjacent pastures of different ages. Seedling establishment was infrequent, and most colonization took place by rhizomes, e.g., Agropyron repens and Poa compressa, or by stolons, e.g., Trifolium repens. Tillering species, e.g., Dactylis glomerata, Holcus lanatus, and Lolium perenne, were poor colonizers of disturbed areas. Invasion of gaps by a species was not proportional to its abundance in the pasture. Individual plants are eliminated at random by the disturbances. Small-scale disturbances tend to decrease community heterogeneity. Key words: disturbance, colonization, dung, molehill, pasture.

scholarly journals Branching of tillers in some grasses

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Leontyna Olszewska ◽  
Maria Wielicka
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Holcus Lanatus ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Formation Conditions ◽  
Arrhenatherum Elatius

In investigations on the grass regeneration biology a special attention was paid to the formation of aerial tillers and branching pseudostolons in <i>Dactylis glomerata</i> L., <i>Festuca arundinacea</i> Schreb., <i>Festuca pratensis</i> Huds., <i>Festuca rubra</i> L., <i>Phleum pratense</i> L., <i>Lolium multiflorum</i> Lam., <i>Lolium perenne</i> L., <i>Phalaris arundinacea</i> L., <i>Arrhenatherum elatius</i> (L.) P. B., <i>Holcus lanatus</i> L., <i>Agropyron repens</i> (L.) P. B., <i>Avenastrum pubescens</i> (Huds) Opiz and <i>Agrostis alba</i> L. Aerial tillers, vegetative short ones and with partly elongated internodes as well as generative tillers formed in tufted and rhizomatous grasses. Parental raised tillers, on which aerial tillers developed, had the anatomical structure specific for grass stems. In tufted grasses, moreover, parental branching pseudostolons developed; in their cross section the arrangement of tissues specific for stolons was observed. They constituted the starting point for agglomerations of new plants rooting in soil, contrary to raised tillers. In some grass species, beside pendant roots, shorter roots grew at the base of aerial tillers; they surrounded with a ring the parent shoot in the node, thus reinforcing the connection of aerial tillers with the stem. An attention was paid to the favourable role of branching pseudostolons in the sward thickness formation. Conditions of the arrangement of tissues in the stem cross section, owing to which the rhizomatous form is developed, are discussed. The fertilization with compost or the covering with sand results in the formation of tillers resembling pseudorhizomes.

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