scholarly journals IImproved Indexing of Citrus Viroids

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Duran-Vila ◽  
J. A. Pina ◽  
L. Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Viroids

scholarly journals Interactions Between Citrus Viroids Affect Symptom Expression and Field Performance of Clementine Trees Grafted on Trifoliate Orange

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Vernière ◽  
X. Perrier ◽  
C. Dubois ◽  
A. Dubois ◽  
L. Botella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Expression Tree ◽  
Mean Estimation ◽  
Hop Stunt Viroid ◽  
Citrus Viroids ◽  
Synergistic Relationships

Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), Citrus bent leaf viroid (CBLVd), a noncachexia variant of Hop stunt viroid (HSVd), Citrus viroid III (CVd-III), and Citrus viroid IV (CVd-IV) were co-inoculated as two-, three-, four-, and five-viroid mixtures to Clementine trees grafted on trifoliate orange to evaluate their effect on symptom expression, tree growth, and fruit yield. Most trees infected with CEVd-containing viroid mixtures developed exocortis scaling symptoms, as did CEVd alone, whereas most trees infected with HSVd- or CVd-IV-containing mixtures developed bark-cracking symptoms. Trees infected with mixtures containing both CEVd and CVd-IV revealed the existence of antagonism between these two viroids in terms of the expected bark-scaling and cracking symptoms. Synergistic interactions also were identified in trees infected with certain viroid combinations that, in spite of lacking CEVd, expressed exocortis-like scaling symptoms. Viroid interactions also affected the expected response of trees in terms of vegetative growth and fruit yield. Trees infected with viroid combinations containing CEVd or CVd-III were smaller and produced less fruit than trees infected with mixtures not containing these viroids. Viroid interactions on scion circumference and cumulative fruit yield, in terms of additivity of their effects, were statistically confirmed using a factorial analysis of variance model with two mean estimation approaches. In single-viroid infections, CEVd, CVd-III, and, to a lesser extent, CBLVd consistently and significantly reduced tree size and fruit yield. Conversely, HSVd and CVd-IV slightly increased fruit yield and reduced scion circumference. Rare and not consistent significant interactions were detected with the five-, four-, and three-viroid combinations. Antagonistic interactions between CEVd and CVd-III or CBLVd and CVd-III were revealed over the years with consistent significance. The antagonistic interaction between CEVd and CVd-IV was highly significant over the years when additional viroids were present; however, this antagonism appeared much later in the case of an exclusive interaction. HSVd and CVd-IV showed a consistent and significant synergistic interaction on yield only when both viroids were exclusively present. These results demonstrate antagonistic or synergistic relationships between citrus viroids depending on the viroid mixtures present in the host.

scholarly journals PCR Diagnosis of Some Citrus Viroids in Field Samples

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tessitori ◽  
R. La Rosa ◽  
G. Albanese ◽  
A. Catara
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Diagnosis ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Citrus Viroids

scholarly journals Sequence analysis of three citrus viroids infecting a single Tunisian citrus tree (Citrus, reticulata, Clementine)

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amine Elleuch ◽  
Fattouma Djilani Khouaja ◽  
Imen Hamdi ◽  
Nabiha Bsais ◽  
Jean-Pierre Perreault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Citrus Tree ◽  
Citrus Viroids

scholarly journals Practical Field Detection of Citrus Viroids in Florida by RT-PCR

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Garnsey ◽  
D. L. Zies ◽  
M. Irey ◽  
P. J. Sieburth ◽  
JS S. Semancik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Field Detection ◽  
Citrus Viroids ◽  
Practical Field

scholarly journals Performance of Navelina Sweet Orange on Five Rootstocks Inoculated with Citrus Viroids

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Davino ◽  
M. Davino ◽  
A. Caruso ◽  
G. Sorrentino ◽  
M. Guardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Citrus Viroids

scholarly journals Detection of Multiple Infections of Citrus exocortis viroid, Citrus viroid III, and Hop stunt viroid Variants in Hunan Province, China

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 1205-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rizza ◽  
A. Catara ◽  
X. F. Ma ◽  
Z. Deng
Keyword(s):  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Stunt Viroid ◽  
Citrus Exocortis Viroid ◽  
Hop Stunt Viroid ◽  
Citrus Viroids

Citrus cultivation in China has increased since the late 1970s, with China now having the largest area of citrus in culture in the world that is spread in 22 provinces and municipalities. Hunan Province has undergone a program to become one of the major citrus producers in China. Poncirus trifoliata is the main rootstock, so citrus viroids are a limiting factor for further citriculture development. In mainland China, only the presence of Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) has been reported from Etrog citron indexing, sPAGE (sequential polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) analysis (2), and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR (3). Three viroid-like RNAs, a1, b1, and d, based on sPAGE patterns were detected years ago in our laboratory in budsticks received from Sichuan Province. To identify different viroids and determine their distribution, a survey has been undertaken. Field trees showing stunting, bark scaling and cracking of the rootstock, and poor yield were tested using biological indexing and PCR for the most frequent citrus viroids. Samples from six trees of a local sweet orange variety and three of a Clementine variety introduced from abroad, both grafted on P. trifoliata and showing a variable degree of bark scaling and cracking, were collected near Changsha and in the County of Xin Ning at the end of summer 2006. Small pieces of bark were inserted in stems of young E. citron budwood grafted on rough lemon and maintained in a warm greenhouse (24 to 32°C). Indexing on E. citron showed mild epinasty and leaf roll typical of citrus viroid infections. To identify specific viroids, bark was ground to a fine powder with liquid nitrogen and total RNA was extracted with TRIZOL Reagent (Invitrogen, San Diego, CA) and tested by RT-PCR to detect CEVd, Hop Stunt viroid (HSVd), and Citrus viroid III (CVd-III), as well as to identify the cachexia variants of HSVd. Four primer pairs were used to test the RNA extracts by RT-PCR (1). All samples were infected by HSVd, eight with CVd-III, and six with CEVd. The cachexia variants of HSVd were detected in four of nine samples. Mixed infections were as follows: one sample had CEVd and HSVd, eight had HSVd and CVd-III, and five were infected by the three viroids. A second sampling 3 months after inoculation gave the same amplification patterns. The results show that at least three viroids are present in citrus orchards in Hunan Province. To our knowledge, this is the first report of cachexia variants of HSVd and CVd-III in China. The common occurrence of these viroids supports the need for proper indexing of mother trees and a specific shoot tip grafting program to create healthy budwood sources to provide healthy plants. References: (1) L. Bernard and N. Duran-Vila. Mol. Cell. Probes, 20:105, 2006. (2) L. Han et al. Viroids. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, 283, 2003. (3). Q. Hu et al. Acta Bot. Sin. 39:613, 1997.

Separation of citrus viroids by shoot-tip grafting in vitro

1990 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. JUÁREZ ◽  
M. I. MOLINS ◽  
L. NAVARRO ◽  
N. DURAN-VILA
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Shoot Tip Grafting ◽  
Citrus Viroids
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