scholarly journals Replication/Accumulation and Symptom Expression of Citrus Viroids on Some Species of Citrus and Related Genera

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Barbosa ◽  
J. A. Pina ◽  
L. Navarro ◽  
N. Duran-Vila
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Citrus Viroids

scholarly journals Interactions Between Citrus Viroids Affect Symptom Expression and Field Performance of Clementine Trees Grafted on Trifoliate Orange

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Vernière ◽  
X. Perrier ◽  
C. Dubois ◽  
A. Dubois ◽  
L. Botella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Expression Tree ◽  
Mean Estimation ◽  
Hop Stunt Viroid ◽  
Citrus Viroids ◽  
Synergistic Relationships

Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), Citrus bent leaf viroid (CBLVd), a noncachexia variant of Hop stunt viroid (HSVd), Citrus viroid III (CVd-III), and Citrus viroid IV (CVd-IV) were co-inoculated as two-, three-, four-, and five-viroid mixtures to Clementine trees grafted on trifoliate orange to evaluate their effect on symptom expression, tree growth, and fruit yield. Most trees infected with CEVd-containing viroid mixtures developed exocortis scaling symptoms, as did CEVd alone, whereas most trees infected with HSVd- or CVd-IV-containing mixtures developed bark-cracking symptoms. Trees infected with mixtures containing both CEVd and CVd-IV revealed the existence of antagonism between these two viroids in terms of the expected bark-scaling and cracking symptoms. Synergistic interactions also were identified in trees infected with certain viroid combinations that, in spite of lacking CEVd, expressed exocortis-like scaling symptoms. Viroid interactions also affected the expected response of trees in terms of vegetative growth and fruit yield. Trees infected with viroid combinations containing CEVd or CVd-III were smaller and produced less fruit than trees infected with mixtures not containing these viroids. Viroid interactions on scion circumference and cumulative fruit yield, in terms of additivity of their effects, were statistically confirmed using a factorial analysis of variance model with two mean estimation approaches. In single-viroid infections, CEVd, CVd-III, and, to a lesser extent, CBLVd consistently and significantly reduced tree size and fruit yield. Conversely, HSVd and CVd-IV slightly increased fruit yield and reduced scion circumference. Rare and not consistent significant interactions were detected with the five-, four-, and three-viroid combinations. Antagonistic interactions between CEVd and CVd-III or CBLVd and CVd-III were revealed over the years with consistent significance. The antagonistic interaction between CEVd and CVd-IV was highly significant over the years when additional viroids were present; however, this antagonism appeared much later in the case of an exclusive interaction. HSVd and CVd-IV showed a consistent and significant synergistic interaction on yield only when both viroids were exclusively present. These results demonstrate antagonistic or synergistic relationships between citrus viroids depending on the viroid mixtures present in the host.

scholarly journals Properties of Citrus Viroids: Symptom Expression and Dwarfing

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Vernière ◽  
L. Botella ◽  
A. Dubois ◽  
C. Chabrier ◽  
N. Duran-Vila
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Citrus Viroids

scholarly journals Softening of Processed Plant Virus Infected Cucumis sativus Fruits

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1451
Author(s):  
Anne-Katrin Kersten ◽  
Sabrina Scharf ◽  
Martina Bandte ◽  
Peer Martin ◽  
Peter Meurer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Mechanical Inoculation ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Texture Properties ◽  
Textural Changes

Texture softening of pickled cucumbers does not meet consumers’ quality expectations and leads to economic losses. The factor(s) triggering this phenomenon is still unknown. We investigated the importance of plant viruses such as Cucumber green mottle mosaic tobamovirus (CGMMV) and Zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus (ZYMV) in the context of softening of pickles. Cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus) were infected by mechanical inoculation, grown under greenhouse conditions and tested positive for the viral infection by ELISA. The severity of virus infection was reflected in yield and symptom expression. Histological and morphological alterations were observed. All fruits were pasteurized, separately stored in jars and subjected to texture measurements after four, six and 12 months. CGMMV-infections were asymptomatic or caused mild symptoms on leaves and fruit, and texture quality was comparable to control. At the same time, fruits of ZYMV-infected plants showed severe symptoms like deformations and discoloration, as well as a reduction in firmness and crunchiness after pasteurization. In addition, histological alterations were detected in such fruits, possibly causing textural changes. We conclude that plant viruses could have a considerable influence on the firmness and crunchiness of pickled cucumbers after pasteurization. It is possible that the severity of symptom expression has an influence on texture properties.

Phytoplasma host range and symptom expression in the pasture legume Stylosanthes

2003 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. De La Rue ◽  
R. Hopkinson ◽  
S. Foster ◽  
K.S. Gibb
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Pasture Legume

scholarly journals Field evaluation of selected cassava genotypes for cassava brown streak disease based on symptom expression and virus load

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeo Kaweesi ◽  
Robert Kawuki ◽  
Vincent Kyaligonza ◽  
Yona Baguma ◽  
Geoffrey Tusiime ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Virus Load ◽  
Cassava Brown Streak Disease ◽  
Brown Streak

Steroid hormones and CNS sexual dimorphisms modulate symptom expression in tourette's syndrome

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 553-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
B PETERSON ◽  
J LECKMAN ◽  
L SCAHILL ◽  
F NAFTOLIN ◽  
D KEEFE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Tourette's Syndrome ◽  
Tourette’S Syndrome ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Sexual Dimorphisms
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