Wheat straw, sawdust, and biodegradable plastics as potential carbon sources for synthetic nitrate-polluted groundwater column denitrification

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianmei Zhang ◽  
Xingchao Jiang ◽  
Chuanping Feng ◽  
Huiling Hao
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Biodegradable Plastics ◽  
Potential Carbon

Behavior of solid carbon sources for biological denitrification in groundwater remediation

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1696-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianmei Zhang ◽  
Chuanping Feng ◽  
Siqi Hong ◽  
Huiling Hao ◽  
Yingnan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Groundwater Remediation ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Denitrification Activity ◽  
Leaching Experiments ◽  
Potential Carbon ◽  
Stimulation Of

The present study was conducted to compare the behavior of wheat straw, sawdust and biodegradable plastic (BP) as potential carbon sources for denitrification in groundwater remediation. The results showed that a greater amount of nitrogen compounds were released from wheat straw and sawdust than from BP in leaching experiments. In batch experiments, BP showed higher nitrate removal efficiency and longer service life than wheat straw and sawdust, which illustrated that BP is the most appropriate carbon source for stimulation of denitrification activity. In column experiments, BP was able to support complete denitrification at influent nitrate concentrations of 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 mg NO3−-N/L, showing corresponding denitrification rates of 0.12, 0.14, 0.17, 0.19, and 0.22 mg NO3−-N.L−1.d−1.g−1, respectively. These findings indicate that BP is applicable for use as a carbon source for nitrate-polluted groundwater remediation.

Enhanced Heterotrophic Denitrification for the Treatment of Nitrate Contaminated Groundwater by Wheat Straw

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 625-628
Author(s):  
Jian Mei Zhang ◽  
Chuan Ping Feng ◽  
Si Qi Hong ◽  
Hui Ling Hao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Contaminated Groundwater ◽  
Column Experiments ◽  
Inlet Concentration ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Organic Carbon Sources ◽  
Heterotrophic Denitrification

The method of the heterotrophic denitrification remediation of nitrate-polluted groundwater involves the study of organic carbon sources as electron donor. The aim of the present study was to evaluate wheat straw for its ability to enhance denitrification in column experiments. The inlet concentration was 50.0 mgNO3--N/L and the column operated at the flow rate of 2.0 ml/min. The result showed that in the presence of wheat straw, highly reducing conditions were generated and complete removal of nitrate (>95%) was achieved, with less accumulation of nitrite. Consequently, wheat straw is an attractive carbon source for groundwater denitrification.

scholarly journals The Microbial Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Waste Polystyrene Fragments Attained Using Oxidative Degradation

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Johnston ◽  
Iza Radecka ◽  
David Hill ◽  
Emo Chiellini ◽  
Vassilka Ilieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Stability Robustness ◽  
Rich Media ◽  
Cupriavidus Necator H16 ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Potential Carbon

Excessive levels of plastic waste in our oceans and landfills indicate that there is an abundance of potential carbon sources with huge economic value being neglected. These waste plastics, through biological fermentation, could offer alternatives to traditional petrol-based plastics. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a group of plastics produced by some strains of bacteria that could be part of a new generation of polyester materials that are biodegradable, biocompatible, and, most importantly, non-toxic if discarded. This study introduces the use of prodegraded high impact and general polystyrene (PS0). Polystyrene is commonly used in disposable cutlery, CD cases, trays, and packaging. Despite these applications, some forms of polystyrene PS remain financially and environmentally expensive to send to landfills. The prodegraded PS0 waste plastics used were broken down at varied high temperatures while exposed to ozone. These variables produced PS flakes (PS1–3) and a powder (PS4) with individual acid numbers. Consequently, after fermentation, different PHAs and amounts of biomass were produced. The bacterial strain, Cupriavidus necator H16, was selected for this study due to its well-documented genetic profile, stability, robustness, and ability to produce PHAs at relatively low temperatures. The accumulation of PHAs varied from 39% for prodegraded PS0 in nitrogen rich media to 48% (w/w) of dry biomass with the treated PS. The polymers extracted from biomass were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) to assess their molecular structure and properties. In conclusion, the PS0–3 specimens were shown to be the most promising carbon sources for PHA biosynthesis; with 3-hydroxybutyrate and up to 12 mol % of 3-hydroxyvalerate and 3-hydroxyhexanoate co-monomeric units generated.

scholarly journals A Novel Promising Strain ofTrichoderma evansii(WF-3) for Extracellularα-Galactosidase Production by Utilizing Different Carbon Sources under Optimized Culture Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Aishwarya Chauhan ◽  
Nikhat Jamal Siddiqi ◽  
Bechan Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

A potential fungal strain ofTrichodermasp. (WF-3) was isolated and selected for the production ofα-galactosidase. Optimum conditions for mycelial growth and enzyme induction were determined. Basal media selected for the growth of fungal isolate containing different carbon sources like guar gum (GG), soya bean meal (SM), and wheat straw (WS) and combinations of these carbon substrates with basic sugars like galactose and sucrose were used to monitor their effects onα-galactosidase production. The results of this study indicated that galactose and sucrose enhanced the enzyme activity in guar gum (GG) and wheat straw (WS). Maximumα-galactosidase production (213.63 UmL−1) was obtained when the basic medium containing GG is supplemented with galactose (5 mg/mL). However, the presence of galactose and sucrose alone in the growth media shows no effect. Soya meal alone was able to supportT. evansiito produce maximum enzyme activity (170.36 UmL−1). The incubation time, temperature, and pH for the maximum enzyme synthesis were found to be 120 h (5 days), 28°C, and 4.5–5.5, respectively. All the carbon sources tested exhibited maximum enzyme production at 10 mg/mL concentration. Among the metal ions tested, Hg was found to be the strongest inhibitor of the enzyme. Among the chelators, EDTA acted as stronger inhibitor than succinic acid.

Comparative Analysis of Nitrate Removal in Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands by Different External Carbon Sources

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 779-783
Author(s):  
Patience Awhavbera ◽  
Lian Fang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
External Carbon Source ◽  
N Removal

External carbon sources provide additional nutrients that improve the efficiency of nitrate removal in constructed wetlands. Typha angustifolia L. were planted in four vertical subsurface-flow constructed wetlands. Different external carbon sources were fed into the columns, to investigate and compare their treatment of nitrate in synthetic wastewater, with initial influent C/N ratio of 1:1. Wetland A (WA) with 50g wheat straw as external carbon source, wetland B (WB) with 50g woodchips, wetland C (WC) with additional 10mg/L glucose and wetland D (WD) without external carbon source to serve as the control, were used in the lab-scale experimental study. WA, WB, WC and WD within a period of 24 days, cumulatively removed 109.38mg/L, 93.75mg/L, 85.14mg/L, and 64.01mg/L nitrate, respectively, from the influent. The nitrate-nitrogen (NO3–N) removal efficiency as aided by the external carbon sources was in the order: wheat straw > woodchips > glucose > control. Wheat straw treated 93% NO3–N, woodchips 78%, glucose 72% and the control 53%. The results indicate that WA, WB and WC outperformed the control system, due to the additional carbon sources. In general, the wheat straw had a better performance than wood chips and glucose. Thus, wheat straw as low cost biological waste product is recommended for the treatment of nitrate in wetlands.

Biotechnological route for sustainable succinate production utilizing oil palm frond and kenaf as potential carbon sources

2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 3055-3075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Amru Indera Luthfi ◽  
Shareena Fairuz Abdul Manaf ◽  
Rosli Md Illias ◽  
Shuhaida Harun ◽  
Abdul Wahab Mohammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Succinate Production ◽  
Oil Palm Frond ◽  
Potential Carbon ◽  
Palm Frond

Effects of Solid Organic Carbon on Nitrate Remove in Groundwater

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2285-2289
Author(s):  
Yun Xiao Jin ◽  
Hai Mei Fu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Solid Carbon ◽  
Solid Carbon Source ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
Potential Carbon

In groundwater, the lack of carbon source is a key problem of in-situ denitrification. It is very important to choose appropriate solid carbon-source materials. In this work, wheatstraw and sawdust were selected as potential carbon sources to evaluate the performance for in-situ biological denitrification in groundwater by column experiments. The results showed that sawdust was a suitable corbon source with less release of nitrogen compounds and relatively stable release of organic carbon, compared with wheatstraw, and was applicable for further use as a filling material in in-situ ground water bioremediation.

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