scholarly journals Influence of the Potential Carbon Sources for Field Denitrification Beds on Their Microbial Diversity and the Fate of Carbon and Nitrate

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Grießmeier ◽  
Johannes Gescher
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Potential Carbon

scholarly journals The Microbial Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Waste Polystyrene Fragments Attained Using Oxidative Degradation

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Johnston ◽  
Iza Radecka ◽  
David Hill ◽  
Emo Chiellini ◽  
Vassilka Ilieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Stability Robustness ◽  
Rich Media ◽  
Cupriavidus Necator H16 ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Potential Carbon

Excessive levels of plastic waste in our oceans and landfills indicate that there is an abundance of potential carbon sources with huge economic value being neglected. These waste plastics, through biological fermentation, could offer alternatives to traditional petrol-based plastics. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a group of plastics produced by some strains of bacteria that could be part of a new generation of polyester materials that are biodegradable, biocompatible, and, most importantly, non-toxic if discarded. This study introduces the use of prodegraded high impact and general polystyrene (PS0). Polystyrene is commonly used in disposable cutlery, CD cases, trays, and packaging. Despite these applications, some forms of polystyrene PS remain financially and environmentally expensive to send to landfills. The prodegraded PS0 waste plastics used were broken down at varied high temperatures while exposed to ozone. These variables produced PS flakes (PS1–3) and a powder (PS4) with individual acid numbers. Consequently, after fermentation, different PHAs and amounts of biomass were produced. The bacterial strain, Cupriavidus necator H16, was selected for this study due to its well-documented genetic profile, stability, robustness, and ability to produce PHAs at relatively low temperatures. The accumulation of PHAs varied from 39% for prodegraded PS0 in nitrogen rich media to 48% (w/w) of dry biomass with the treated PS. The polymers extracted from biomass were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) to assess their molecular structure and properties. In conclusion, the PS0–3 specimens were shown to be the most promising carbon sources for PHA biosynthesis; with 3-hydroxybutyrate and up to 12 mol % of 3-hydroxyvalerate and 3-hydroxyhexanoate co-monomeric units generated.

Biotechnological route for sustainable succinate production utilizing oil palm frond and kenaf as potential carbon sources

2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 3055-3075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Amru Indera Luthfi ◽  
Shareena Fairuz Abdul Manaf ◽  
Rosli Md Illias ◽  
Shuhaida Harun ◽  
Abdul Wahab Mohammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Succinate Production ◽  
Oil Palm Frond ◽  
Potential Carbon ◽  
Palm Frond

Effects of Solid Organic Carbon on Nitrate Remove in Groundwater

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2285-2289
Author(s):  
Yun Xiao Jin ◽  
Hai Mei Fu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Solid Carbon ◽  
Solid Carbon Source ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
Potential Carbon

In groundwater, the lack of carbon source is a key problem of in-situ denitrification. It is very important to choose appropriate solid carbon-source materials. In this work, wheatstraw and sawdust were selected as potential carbon sources to evaluate the performance for in-situ biological denitrification in groundwater by column experiments. The results showed that sawdust was a suitable corbon source with less release of nitrogen compounds and relatively stable release of organic carbon, compared with wheatstraw, and was applicable for further use as a filling material in in-situ ground water bioremediation.

scholarly journals Factor analysis on the Tasmanian topsoil microscopic community

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayem Kakar ◽  
Yelena Kolezeva
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
Microbial Groups ◽  
High Influence ◽  
Group 1

AbstractTo help with stand restoration, the influence of width size on the Tasmanian topsoil microscopic community was studied in anAthrotaxis cupressoidesstand suffering from hail storm damage. The functional diversity of topsoil microbial groups was estimated from degradation of 31 substrates on Bencho EcoPlates. Using Factor Analysis (FA) we found width size had a significant influence on average column colorimetric disseminator analysis (AVGCLR) and on the Rao indices of topsoil microbial diversity. Compared with large widths, small widths had higher AVGCLR. The ten widths were divided into three groups by cluster analysis and FA: group 1 reflected large widths, while groups 2 and 3 reflected small widths. Thirty-one sole carbon sources were divided into three groups by FA. Using an eigenvector greater than 0.5 as a standard for checking carbon (C) sources, nineteen kinds of C sources included in principal components 1 and 2 had a relatively high influence on the topsoil microbial community, including carbohydrates, amino acids and carboxylic acids. This indicates that the use by topsoil microorganisms of carboxylic acids, sugars and amino acids was greater than other C sources. These findings suggest that width size played a key role in the topsoil microbial diversity after a natural disturbance.

Behavior of solid carbon sources for biological denitrification in groundwater remediation

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1696-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianmei Zhang ◽  
Chuanping Feng ◽  
Siqi Hong ◽  
Huiling Hao ◽  
Yingnan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Groundwater Remediation ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Denitrification Activity ◽  
Leaching Experiments ◽  
Potential Carbon ◽  
Stimulation Of

The present study was conducted to compare the behavior of wheat straw, sawdust and biodegradable plastic (BP) as potential carbon sources for denitrification in groundwater remediation. The results showed that a greater amount of nitrogen compounds were released from wheat straw and sawdust than from BP in leaching experiments. In batch experiments, BP showed higher nitrate removal efficiency and longer service life than wheat straw and sawdust, which illustrated that BP is the most appropriate carbon source for stimulation of denitrification activity. In column experiments, BP was able to support complete denitrification at influent nitrate concentrations of 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 mg NO3−-N/L, showing corresponding denitrification rates of 0.12, 0.14, 0.17, 0.19, and 0.22 mg NO3−-N.L−1.d−1.g−1, respectively. These findings indicate that BP is applicable for use as a carbon source for nitrate-polluted groundwater remediation.

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