scholarly journals A Novel Promising Strain ofTrichoderma evansii(WF-3) for Extracellularα-Galactosidase Production by Utilizing Different Carbon Sources under Optimized Culture Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Aishwarya Chauhan ◽  
Nikhat Jamal Siddiqi ◽  
Bechan Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

A potential fungal strain ofTrichodermasp. (WF-3) was isolated and selected for the production ofα-galactosidase. Optimum conditions for mycelial growth and enzyme induction were determined. Basal media selected for the growth of fungal isolate containing different carbon sources like guar gum (GG), soya bean meal (SM), and wheat straw (WS) and combinations of these carbon substrates with basic sugars like galactose and sucrose were used to monitor their effects onα-galactosidase production. The results of this study indicated that galactose and sucrose enhanced the enzyme activity in guar gum (GG) and wheat straw (WS). Maximumα-galactosidase production (213.63 UmL−1) was obtained when the basic medium containing GG is supplemented with galactose (5 mg/mL). However, the presence of galactose and sucrose alone in the growth media shows no effect. Soya meal alone was able to supportT. evansiito produce maximum enzyme activity (170.36 UmL−1). The incubation time, temperature, and pH for the maximum enzyme synthesis were found to be 120 h (5 days), 28°C, and 4.5–5.5, respectively. All the carbon sources tested exhibited maximum enzyme production at 10 mg/mL concentration. Among the metal ions tested, Hg was found to be the strongest inhibitor of the enzyme. Among the chelators, EDTA acted as stronger inhibitor than succinic acid.

Sites of digestion in the calf. I. The digestion of diets containing barley and wheat chaff supplemented with soya bean meal or urea

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Wheat Chaff ◽  
Total Amino Acids

Four Friesian bull calves were fitted with re-entrant duodenal cannulae within 1 week of birth. From 13 weeks of age the calves were fed on one of three diets all containing 17% crude protein. Diet A contained barley, 15% wheat chaff and soya bean meal, diet B barley, 15% wheat chaff and urea, and diet C barley, 45% wheat chaff and soya bean meal. The diets were given for 2 weeks, and on the last day of each feeding period total collections were made of the digesta leaving the abomasum over a 12 hr period. The diets were then changed so that each calf was offered each diet twice. The total apparent digestion of the organic matter in the diet containing 45% wheat straw was less than that of those containing 15% wheat straw. This was due to less digestion in both the stomach and hindgut. The flow of nitrogen from the abomasum, expressed as a percentage of the nitrogen intake, was less when the calves were fed on the diet containing urea (B) than when they were fed on those containing soya bean meal (A and C). Also, a larger proportion of the nitrogen was of microbial origin when they were on diet B. The proportion of essential amino acids in the total amino acids flowing from the abomasum was greater than that in the total amino acids present in all diets. Also, the apparent digestion of essential amino acids in the hindgut was greater than that of non-essential amino acids. It is calculated that methionine and threonine may be limiting for the growth of calves given diets A and B, while dietary metabolizable energy intake was probably the first factor limiting the growth of calves on diet C.

scholarly journals Optimization of Culture Conditions for Some Identified Fungal Species and Stability Profile of α-Galactosidase Produced

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Chauhan ◽  
N. Srivastava ◽  
H. K. Kehri ◽  
B. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Enzyme Stability ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Carbon Substrates ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Results

Microbial α-galactosidase preparations have implications in medicine and in the modification of various agricultural products as well. In this paper, four isolated fungal strains such as AL-3, WF-3, WP-4 and CL-4 from rhizospheric soil identified as Penicillium glabrum (AL-3), Trichoderma evansii (WF-3), Lasiodiplodia theobromae (WP-4) and Penicillium flavus (CL-4) based on their morphology and microscopic examinations, are screened for their potential towards α-galactosidases production. The culture conditions have been optimized and supplemented with specific carbon substrates (1%, w/v) by using galactose-containing polysaccharides like guar gum (GG), soya casein (SC) and wheat straw (WS). All strains significantly released galactose from GG, showing maximum production of enzyme at 7th day of incubation in rotary shaker (120 rpm) that is 190.3, 174.5, 93.9 and 28.8 U/mL, respectively, followed by SC and WS. The enzyme activity was stable up to 7days at −20°C, then after it declines. This investigation reveals that AL-3 show optimum enzyme activity in guar gum media, whereas WF-3 exhibited greater enzyme stability. Results indicated that the secretion of proteins, enzyme and the stability of enzyme activity varied not only from one strain to another but also differed in their preferences of utilization of different substrates.

The Supplementation of Ammonia Treated Straws for Suckler Cows

1984 ◽  
Vol 1984 ◽  
pp. 121-121
Author(s):  
P J Turner ◽  
D A Perks
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Friesian Cows

A further experiment in a series of trials to look at the effects of treating straws on their feed values, and the responses to different supplements was carried out in the winter of 1982-83. The treatments were:-1)Untreated barley straw (DBS) plus 1.5 kg rolled barley/urea per day2)Ammonia treated barley straw (TBS) alone3)Ammonia treated wheat straw (TWS) alone4)Ammonia treated wheat straw (TWS) plus 0.5 kg rolled barley5)Ammonia treated wheat straw (TWS) plus 0.5 kg soya bean meal6)Ammonia treated wheat straw (TWS) plus 0.25 kg rolled barley and 0.25 kg fishmealThere were 7 Hereford x Friesian cows per treatment, all mature animals (third calvers or more) calved in May, bulled with a Charolais bull in July and calves weaned off and cows yarded in November 1982. The trial ran for 145 days from 25 November 1982 to 19 April I983 covering about months 4 to 8 of pregnancy. They were group fed.

scholarly journals Biocatalytic Ketone Reduction - A Study on Screening and Effect of Culture Conditions on the Reduction of Selected Ketones

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 54-77
Author(s):  
Ramprasad Kuncham ◽  
K.T. Gurumurthy ◽  
N. Chandan ◽  
Aamir Javed ◽  
L.S. Ashwini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Enzyme Expression ◽  
Maximum Conversion

Microbial conversions are gaining importance in the synthesis of important drug metabolites and their intermediates as they are good alternative to chemical synthesis since they are enantio-selective and regio-selective and even can be carried out at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. Till date, biocatalytic reduction of acetophenone and its derivatives has been widely reported. In the present study, we have made an attempt to carry out the microbial bioreduction of o-hydroxyacetophenone by screening some of the selected microorganisms which were obtained from culture collection centre as well as those which are isolated in our Microbiology lab. The selected microorganisms include Aspergillus ochraceous, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus tubingenesis, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolanifer MTCC 162, Rhizopus stolanifer MTCC 2591 and Baker’s yeast.Among the seven microorganisms screened for the bioreduction of o-hydroxyacetophenone, Baker’s yeast and Aspergillus tubingenesis showed significant bioconversion where as Aspergillus ochraceous exhibited the least bioconversion.In our earlier study it was found that Aspergillus flavus has the required bioreductase enzyme, which showed the maximum conversion of p-chloroacetophenone to p-chlorophenylethanol. Hence optimization of culture conditions to get maximum enzyme expression and hence maximum conversion was thought off. The parameters considered for the study include effect of various Carbon sources, Nitrogen source, Metal ions, incubation Temperature and media pH on enzyme expression. The optimized culture a condition at which maximum bioconversion was achieved was maltose among various carbon sources. Tryptone was found to have maximum effect among the nitrogen sources. Media pH 7.6 and incubation temperature of 35 °C was found to be favourable for maximum enzyme activity. Among various divalent metal salts, addition of magnesium sulphate to the media significantly increased the enzyme activity.

Cellulase Production from Filamentous Fungi for Its Application in the Hydrolysis of Wheat Straw

2015 ◽  
Vol 1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Toscano-Palomar ◽  
G. Montero-Alpirez ◽  
M. Stilianova-Stoytcheva ◽  
E. Vertiz-Pelaez ◽  
y E. Romero Uscanga
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Submerged Fermentation ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Mineral Medium ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes

ABSTRACTExtended research has been developed in the use of wheat straw (WS) as biomass for the production of biofuels (bioethanol), including the processes of degradation of cellulose by enzymatic systems. For centuries, Cellulose has been used by man; however, its enormous potential as a renewable energy source was recognized only after the discovery of cellulose degrading enzymes (cellulases). A wide variety of microorganisms can produce cellulolytic enzymes under appropriate culture conditions and among these microorganisms are filamentous fungi of the genera Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. The purpose of this study was to produce cellulase enzyme from previously isolated and characterized filamentous fungi. Cellulytic fungi belonged toAspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium sp.,andTrichoderma harzianum.All these strains were preserved by lyophilization and also kept in sterile media (sand and soil) at 4 °C. The production of cellulases by submerged fermentation was performed in a Mandels mineral medium. The nitrogen sources were urea and ammonium sulfate. Glucose alone was used in the pre-inoculum, and dried and ground wheat straw was used in the fermentation as carbon sources. Subcultures of spore suspensions were incubated with orbital stirring (120 rpm) at 30 °C for 48 hours and used as inoculum for submerged fermentation with wheat straw as substrate in mineral medium with an initial pH of 5. Activity cellulase was determined by the method of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS). The results showed that wheat straw have potential for use as a substrate in the production of cellulases.Aspergillus nigershowed the highest enzymatic activity from the cellulase produced 0.051 FPU (filter paper units) after 96 hours of fermentation.

scholarly journals Screening of Nutritional Parameters for the Production of Protease fromAspergillus Oryzae

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Srinubabu ◽  
N. Lokeswari ◽  
K. Jayaraju
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Protease Production ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Culture Time ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Fungus Growth

Production of protease enzyme by fungusAspergillus oryzaewas investigated. The proteolytic activity was observed when the fungus was grown in the medium containing glucose, malt extract, yeast extract, peptone, K2HPO4, MgSO4and FeSO4. The present paper describes the screening of media components and fermentation conditions in shake flask. The organism utilized carbon sources glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, dextrin and starch among them glucose was found to be the best carbon source, for nitrogen sources various inorganic and organic media components were investigated among them peptone is found to be the best nitrogen source. 1% cottonseed followed by 2% Soya bean meal was found to be the best inducer. With optimized media two-fold increase in the protease production. The fungus growth depends on the concentration of carbon, nitrogen and salt solution, where as the enzyme production was also influenced by the culture time, pH and interaction between these two variables.

scholarly journals Phyllobacterium loti sp. nov. isolated from nodules of Lotus corniculatus

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_3) ◽  
pp. 781-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximo Sánchez ◽  
Martha-Helena Ramírez-Bahena ◽  
Alvaro Peix ◽  
María J. Lorite ◽  
Juan Sanjuán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

Strain S658T was isolated from a Lotus corniculatus nodule in a soil sample obtained in Uruguay. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and atpD gene showed that this strain clustered within the genus Phyllobacterium . The closest related species was, in both cases, Phyllobacterium trifolii PETP02T with 99.8 % sequence similarity in the 16S rRNA gene and 96.1 % in the atpD gene. The 16S rRNA gene contains an insert at the beginning of the sequence that has no similarities with other inserts present in the same gene in described rhizobial species. Ubiquinone Q-10 was the only quinone detected. Strain S658T differed from its closest relatives through its growth in diverse culture conditions and in the assimilation of several carbon sources. It was not able to reproduce nodules in Lotus corniculatus. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization, phenotypic tests and fatty acid analyses confirmed that this strain should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Phyllobacterium , for which the name Phyllobacterium loti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S658T( = LMG 27289T = CECT 8230T).

scholarly journals PSVII-35 Late-Breaking Abstract: Microwave heat treatment feed effect on ruminal degradability and intestinal protein digestibility - a brief review

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
Md Safiqur Rahaman Shishir ◽  
Muhammad Jamal Khan ◽  
Hassan Khanaki ◽  
Graham Brodie ◽  
Brendan Cullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Intestinal Protein ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

Abstract Rumen degradability of crude protein (CP) of feed is a major factor that determines the utilization of CP in ruminant production. This study briefly reviewed the findings from six international studies of microwave (MW) heat treatment effect on feed CP rumen degradability and intestinal CP digestibility. Six in vitro studies of concentrate feed (canola seed, canola meal, soya bean meal, cottonseed meal, corn, and barley) showed a decrease in effective rumen degradability of dry matter and protein by 4–40% and 17–40%, respectively compared to control group (untreated concentrate feed). Among the six studies, four studies identified the MW heat treatment effect on intestinal protein digestibility. Due to MW heat treatment, canola seed, canola meal, soya bean meal, and cottonseed meal showed an increase in intestinal CP digestibility by 17%, 20%, 21%, and 19%, respectively. Overall the briefly reviewed studies showed that, MW heat treatment substantially reduced feed CP ruminal degradability and increased in vitro CP digestibility of ruminally undegraded CP.

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