scholarly journals Le Corbusier’s Cité de Refuge: historical & technological performance of the air exacte

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Manuel Diaz ◽  
Ryan Southall
Keyword(s):  
Design Feature ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Performance History ◽  
Technological Performance ◽  
Glazed Facade ◽  
Environmental Concepts ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Technical Failures

Abstract: Despite a number of attempts by Le Corbusier to implement the combination of ‘respiration exacte’ with the ‘mur neutralisant’ he was never able to test the viability of his environmental concepts in a realised building. The Cité de Refuge, which was built with a more conventional heating system and single glazed facade, is however unique in that unlike the other potential candidates for the implementation of these systems, the building, as built, retained a key design feature, i.e. the hermetically sealed skin, which ultimately contributed to the building’s now infamous failure. It is commonly argued that Le Corbusier, however, abandoned these comprehensive technical solutions in favour of a more passive approach, but it is less well understood to what extent technical failures influenced this shift. If these failures were one of the drivers for this change, how the building may have performed with the ‘respiration exacte’ and ‘mur neutralisant’ systems becomes of interest. Indeed, how their performance may have been improved with Le Corbusier's later modification of a brise-soleil offers an alternative hypothetical narrative for his relationship to technical and passive design methodologies.  Keywords: environment, technology, performance, history, Cité de Refuge DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.796

scholarly journals Use of a radiator for user-centric cooling – Measurement and Simulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Matthias Winkler ◽  
Matthias Pazold ◽  
Andreas Zegowitz ◽  
Sabine Giglmeier ◽  
Florian Antretter
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Cooling Power ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Building Simulations

With further increasing temperatures during warm summers, cooling of buildings is becoming more popular even in moderate middle or northern European climate zones. Techniques that allow fast conditioning of rooms with intermittent usage, like conference rooms or certain types of residential rooms, promise high potentials for energy savings. Combining heat pumps, that can be used both in cooling and heating modes, with floor and wall heating systems can be a suitable technology. In many cases houses have a conventional heating system with radiators and the question arise if the oil or gas based heating system can be replaced by a heat pump. Mixed systems combining e.g.gas and a heatpump are also possible. For summertime cooling, the same system that is already installed for heating can be used and the radiators allow comparatively fast reaction times in theory. However, the system comes with potential shortcomings: Cooled surfaces increase the risk of condensation and mold growth significantly while higher surface temperatures decrease cooling power of the system. Also, the system’s reaction times have to be tested in realistic conditions. For a first prove of the system’s applicability a study with combined measurements and hygrothermal building simulations was performed. In a test chamber measurements of a system were conducted under controlled conditions. A simulation model in the hygrothermal whole building software WUFI® Plus was developed and validated with the measurements. The research shows that the simulation model is able to represent the effects on indoor climate as well as condensation reliably.

Experimental Study on Radiant Floor Heating System

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Ngo ◽  
B. A. Alhabeeb ◽  
M. Balestrieri
Keyword(s):  
Heating System ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Radiant Floor Heating System ◽  
Radiant Floor Heating ◽  
Floor Heating ◽  
Floor Temperature

Radiant floor heating systems have become popular due to their advantages over conventional heating systems in residential, commercial and industrial spaces. They are also used for snow and ice melting and turf conditioning applications. This paper presents a general study focuses on the design of radiant floor heating systems and investigates the effect of design parameters such as pipe spacing (ranging from 4 in. to 12 in.), pipe depth (ranging from 2.5 in. to 6.5 in.) and pipe temperature (45 °C, 65 °C and 85 °C) on the performance of radiant floor heating system embedded in different mediums (air, gravel and sand). The experimental results showed that a radiant heating system with pipes embedded at a shallow burial depth and placed closer together resulted with a more desired floor temperature distribution. The average floor temperature was also higher when the piping system was embedded in an air-filled space instead of a porous medium such as gravel or sand.

scholarly journals Effect of a Sustainable Air Heat Pump System on Energy Efficiency, Housing Environment, and Productivity Traits in a Pig Farm

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9772
Author(s):  
Myeong Gil Jeong ◽  
Dhanushka Rathnayake ◽  
Hong Seok Mun ◽  
Muhammad Ammar Dilawar ◽  
Kwang Woo Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Housing Environment ◽  
Significant Difference

High electricity consumption, carbon dioxide (CO2), and elevated noxious gas emission in the global livestock sector have a negative influence on environmental sustainability. This study examined the effects of a heating system using an air heat pump (AHP) on the energy saving, housing environment, and productivity traits of pigs. During the experimental period of 16 weeks, the internal temperature was found to be higher (p < 0.05) in the AHP house than in the conventional house. Moreover, the average electricity consumption and CO2 emission decreased by approximately 40 kWh and 19.32 kg, respectively, in the AHP house compared to the house with the conventional heating system. The average NH3 and H2S emissions were significantly lower in the AHP house (p < 0.05) during the growth stages. The AHP and conventional heating systems did not have a significant influence (p > 0.05) on the average ultra-fine dust (PM2.5) and formaldehyde level fluctuations. Furthermore, both heating systems did not show a significant difference in the average growth performance of pigs (p > 0.05), but the weight gain tended to increase in the AHP house. In conclusion, the AHP system has great potential to reduce energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and noxious gas emissions by providing economic benefits and an eco-friendly renewable energy source.

Fabrication And Application Of Zeolite Membranes

2002 ◽  
Vol 752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetoshi Kita
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Zeolite Membrane ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Organic Liquids ◽  
Zeolite Membranes ◽  
Tubular Type ◽  
Vapor Permeation ◽  
Type Zeolite

ABSTRACTZeolite Membranes Were Prepared On A Porous Ceramic Support By Hydrothermal Synthesis Using Conventional Heating System And Microwave Heating. Naa And T Type Zeolite Membranes Were Highly Selective For Permeating Water Preferentially With The High Permeation Flux, While Silicalite Membranes Exhibited Preferential Organic Compound Permeation From Water Such As Ethanol/Water. Nay And Nax Zeolite Membranes Showed A High Alcohol Selectivity For Several Feed Mixtures With Methanol Or Ethanol And A High Benzene Selectivity For Benzene/Cyclohexane And Benzene/N-Hexane Separation. The Performance Of The Zeolite Membranes Was The Most Favorable One For Pervaporation Membranes Which Have Been Published So Far And A Tubular Type Module Using A Type Zeolite Membrane For Dehydration Of Organic Liquids Has Been Put Into Industrial Operation. The Tubular Type Pervaporation And Vapor Permeation Module Can Produce 99.8 Wt% Ethanol From 600 L/H, 90 Wt% Ethanol Feed At 120 °C. For The Mass Production Of Zeolite Membrane A New Synthetic Method Using A Microwave Heating Is Also Proposed.

The Importance of Cooperation between Heating and Ventilation in the Industry Buildings

2016 ◽  
Vol 861 ◽  
pp. 425-432
Author(s):  
Zuzana Straková ◽  
Daniela Koudelková ◽  
Ján Takács
Keyword(s):  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Air Handling Unit ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Integrated Device

Our national husbandry belongs among economies with the biggest energy consumption per an inhabitant. Slovak Republic consumes for making of product’s unit approximately twice more energy than the average in forward European countries. Such a big reserves, that we have to achieve in the area of effective increasing of energy utilization are not possible only by administrative way, but by establishing of new technical solutions into a general practice too. In a part of large-area industry operations, the new technical solution lies in the combination heating system by radiant ceiling panels with ventilation by air handling unit with integrated device for heat recovery, which considerably reduces the operation costs. Paper shows also the basic principles of heat transfer, main construction of the radiant ceiling panel and finally stated objective its advantages and drawbacks.

scholarly journals The Step Feed Mechanisms For Auger Machines

2019 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 03003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid Mametyev ◽  
Oleg Lyubimov ◽  
Yuri Drozdenko
Keyword(s):  
Safety Margin ◽  
Design Feature ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Axial Forces ◽  
Common Plane ◽  
The Face ◽  
Boring Hole ◽  
Technical Solutions

The paper presents the results of studies of technical solutions proposed in Kuzbass State Technical University and implemented in auger drilling equipment, characterized by the presence of a cyclic feed of a boring machine on the face and the corresponding reverse of the work by hydraulic jacks. Operation of complexes, which design feature is to provide a common plane for the axis of the boring hole and vectors of axial forces of the auger feeding mechanisms, was researched. The stress state of the cyclic step-feeding mechanism’s functional elements by mathematical and software means of the finite element analysis is considered. The threshold values of the feed forces are determined from the point of view of ensuring the safety margin of welded joints used in the cyclic step-feeding mechanism’s structure, and from the point of operational reliability of the system as a whole. The obtained data allowed making recommendations for further improvement for the subsystem of the auger’s cyclic step-feeding mechanism.

scholarly journals Cost Effectiveness of Poultry Production by Sustainable and Renewable Energy Source

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanlong Cui ◽  
Xuan Xue ◽  
Saffa Riffat
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Heating System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Payback Time ◽  
Supply Potential ◽  
Poultry Farming

Poultry farming is one of high energy consumption and energy-intensive industries that requires significant amount of fuel fossil to provide the desired internal temperature for health and production level of chicken, which results in high running cost and growth of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Renewable and sustainable energy technologies are being employed in the area of poultry farming in order to achieve energy saving, GHG emission reduction and to some extent supply potential selective benefits for farmers. Therefore, it is very necessary for generalizing the state-of-the-art technologies including the solar photovoltaic, solar photovoltaic/thermal, ventilation and wind turbine, air/water/ground sources heat pump and thermal energy storage. It is demonstrated that the system energy saving could achieve up to 85% with a payback time of 3–8 years, compared to the conventional heating system.

scholarly journals IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE WATER AND GAS UNIT FUNCTIONING

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
Виктор Петько ◽  
Viktor Pet'ko ◽  
Инна Никитина ◽  
Inna Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
Design Feature ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Mechanical Connection ◽  
Frequent Failure ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Gas Leaks ◽  
Water Gas ◽  
Gas Supply

The article presents new technical solutions aimed at improving the efficiency of the water-gas unit of gas water heater. Based on the analysis of various units widely used for domestic water heating, the main disadvantage of water and gas unit is revealed. It is the mechanical connection of the membrane with the gas supply valve, which is carried out through the gland between the gas and water chambers of each unit. This design feature leads to frequent failure of gas water heater due to the fragility of the gland. It is accompanied by material losses and the risk of gas leak. The paper proposes a new design scheme of the water-gas unit, in which the mechanical connection between the membrane and the valve is replaced by a connection realized with the magnetic field of two disk magnets. The magnets are oriented with respect to each other by the same poles and are located on both sides of the non-magnetic partition, separating chambers of the water and gas unit. In the proposed water-gas unit, water and gas leaks are excluded, since it does not contain gland seals. A lack of friction in the transmission of force from the membrane to the gas supply valve increases the accuracy of the valve. The stability of the water supply limitation threshold is also increased. The method for calculating the main geometric and power parameters of water-gas unit of the developed structure is proposed. It involves the use of experimentally removed dependence of the force of magnets repulsion on the distance between their poles.

scholarly journals SOLAR ENERGY: HARVESTING THE SUN

Engevista ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Fretin ◽  
Gilda Collet Bruna
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings ◽  
Solar Energy Harvesting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Technical Solutions

An architectural approach through Le Corbusier’s groundings Roughly, all through history of mankind, solar solutions in constructions always have been purchased fiercely during periods of energy crisis, mostly when non-renewable energy sources were endangered in some way.For this paper an architect of the 20th century was chosen, Le Corbusier, as a good example of how to design and build with the sun. Not only he knew how to harvest the sun for comfort issues, balancing wisely natural light and heat (gathering and storing heat for cold periods, or protecting openings from harsh sun beams), but he also dominated the light to valorize shapes and volumes. Here one of his famous project: the “Unité d’habitation de Marseille” is analyzed to show a well conceived architecture in urban area. Le Corbusier teach us awesome lessons on how to take sides of so called “passive” solutions and fully merge them in architecture, creating not only energy efficient buildings but an astounding architecture. This study focuses on a particular building to point out comparatively simple solutions in architecture and looks forward to the possibility of sprawling such solutions with a huge potentiality in energy savings. It also tries to demonstrate that good design must consider architecture ruling an ensemble of fields, including urban inclusion and respect to local social and geographic peculiarities. Harvesting solar energy in architecture doesn’t mean necessarily adding technical devices to buildings but certainly depends on designers’ postures and abilities to integrate technical solutions into an artistic and aesthetical whole.

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