The Possibility of Using the Ultra-Thin Liquid Thermal Insulation to Insulate the Ceiling above the Basement in Residential Buildings

The issues of energy saving, as well as comfortable operation of buildings in modern construction practice are relevant. The experience of operation of the premises, located above the basement, shows that the most common problem is the cooling of the floor slab and, as a consequence, the presence of a cold floor. The article presents the results of calculations on the change of thermal properties of the ceiling above the basement in residential buildings. A variant of insulation of the ceiling with ultra-thin liquid insulation is proposed. The graphical analysis of the problem is carried. As a result of graphical analysis, it was revealed that the proposed method of insulation makes it possible to increase the floor temperature in the rooms of the ground floor in the residential buildings.

Energy Saving Potential of Radiant Floor Heating Assisted by an Air Source Heat Pump in Residential Buildings

The objective of this research is to establish an appropriate operating strategy for a radiant floor heating system that additionally has an air source heat pump for providing convective air heating separately, leading to heating energy saving and thermal comfort in residential buildings. To determine the appropriate optimal operating ratio of each system taking charge of combined heating systems, the energy consumption of the entire system was drawn, and the adaptive floor surface temperature was reviewed based on international standards and literature on thermal comfort. For processing heating loads with radiant floor heating and air source heating systems, the heating capacity of radiant floor heating by 1 °C variation in floor temperature was calculated, and the remaining heating load was handled by the heating capacity of the convective air heating heat pump. Consequently, when the floor temperature was 25 °C, all heating loads were removed by radiant floor heating only. When handling all heating loads with the heat pump, 59.2% less energy was used compared with radiant floor heating only. Considering the local discomfort of the soles of the feet, the floor temperature is expected to be suitable at 22–23 °C, and 31.5–37.6% energy saving compared with those of radiant floor heating alone were confirmed.

Thread Breakage in Modern Loom and Efficiency

The study is to find out the relation of thread breakage rate on modern loom to the relative humidity and fabric specifications. This result supports thread breakage rate increased with the choice of rapier loom instead of air jet loom. It also shows that loom width has negative relation towards thread breakage and in the production floor relative humidity has insignificant relation with thread breakage rate. Key part of the study shows that warp and weft breakage rate has interrelation. In the production floor loom types and fabric constructions are studied for thread breakage at floor temperature and found no relation to the relative humidity. But, significant relation of warp and weft thread breakage rate to EPI, loom categories, loom width, fabric length produced, weft count and interrelation between warp and weft breakage rate.

Analysis of Energy Exchange with the Ground in a Two-Chamber Vegetable Cold Store, Assuming Different Lengths of Technological Break, with the Use of a Numerical Calculation Method—A Case Study

The paper deals with the impact of the technological break duration during the cold storage cycle on the energy demand of the cold store for vegetables and fruit and the temperature distribution in the ground under the cold store. The studied facility was a two-chamber vegetable cold store located in southern Poland used to store carrots (Daucus carota) for nine months a year. The experiments were conducted for 12 months (01.05.2017–30.04.2018). The technological break during this period lasted three months (from 1 July 2018 to 30 September 2018). Continuous measurements (with 1-h frequency) were made in order to determine the boundary conditions for numerical analysis. The measured parameters included indoor air temperature, outdoor air temperature, ground temperature under the building and in its vicinity. There were 22 measuring points andPT100 sensors were used. The numerical analysis was based on the elementary balances method. WUFIplus® software was used as a calculation supporting tool. The numerical analysis was conducted for 14 calculation variants, with different duration of technological break. The calculation model validation was performed and the results showed a good correlation with the experimental data. The results of experimental studies and of calculations showed a significant impact of the technological break duration on the soil distribution in the ground and the building energy demand. A technological break of less than 4 weeks is the most optimal in the summer. The technological break longer than 4 weeks significantly affects the cooling energy demand in the first days of the cooling cycle and significantly extends the time necessary for the ground and the floor to reach the optimum temperature. The analysis of the floor temperature results (points A1–C1) showed that the technological break longer than four weeks causes the average floor temperature to exceed 4.0 °C. Therefore, the optimum solution is technological break lasting 7–35 days. Absence of technological break results in a decrease of energy gains from the ground by 20% relative to a three-month technological break. The impact of technological break duration was clearly seen in terms of energy losses from the cold store to the ground. In case of a 91-day technological break, the energy losses to the ground were 1289.5 kWh/a, while in case of absence of technological break this value was ninefold lower (147.5 kWh/a).

Dependence of Air Temperature, Enclosing Structures and Floor in Livestock Premises

The comfort of the animals is determined by temperature factors, such as air temperature, radiation temperature of the room and floor. For a reasonable technical decision on the choice of power equipment for creating normal conditions for keeping animals, it is necessary to identify possible variations in the temperature parameters of the environment in the animal housing zone. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in considering the models for calculating heat losses to the ground and determining the limit values for changes in floor temperature in areas where animals are housed. (Materials and methods) The article presents the studied physical model of heat transfer. The article presents the boundaries of changes in floor temperature in the areas of animal keeping in livestock premises. (Results and discussion) The thermal mode of a room depends on the climatic conditions that affect the state of the internal environment through the enclosing structures and ventilation, and technical factors, as the building structure, the size and thermal insulation properties of fences, heating. There are many types of designs of livestock premises for various purposes, and therefore it is necessary to conduct an additional assessment of the floor surface temperature. The engineering method of calculating the floor surface temperature determines the temperature in the room at known current values, and allows to predict the thermal state of the floor surfaces in the locations of animals. (Conclusions) Meteorological conditions and construction of buildings, thermal insulation properties of fences, thermal characteristics of the soil, floor insulation affect the temperature mode in the room. For buildings with lightweight structures of walls and ceilings, the surface temperature affects the thermal mode of floors in the room.