scholarly journals La Villa Savoye. Permanencias y transformaciones

Author(s):  
Teresa Carrau Carbonell

Resumen: El Patrimonio del Movimiento Moderno y su conservación es un tema de actualidad, no solo desde el punto de vista teórico sino también desde el práctico, ya que la arquitectura de principios del s.XX lleva tiempo necesitando y asumiendo intervenciones para mantenerlas en pie. Se escoge como tema de estudio la vivienda, como arquetipo estudiado por los grandes del Movimiento Moderno y concretamente la villa Savoye como paradigma del Estilo Internacional. Así, con la investigación de este modelo se pretende sacar conclusiones para la conservación de la herencia de Le Corbusier asegurando su permanencia en las generaciones futuras. Se ha realizado un análisis de la villa Savoye por etapas de tiempo. Cada periodo se ha estudiado a través de unos parámetros comunes, obteniéndose una panorámica de la evolución de los elementos que la forman y de su globalidad. Los resultados de este análisis permiten hacer un estudio comparativo entre la villa original, la villa en sus distintas etapas y el estado actual, precisando qué es lo que realmente queda de la villa de 1930. De esta aportación surgen preguntas y reflexiones: ¿importa la conservación de la materia original en la permanencia de un hito? ¿es aceptable una máquina para habitar que no se puede habitar? ¿qué prevalece: la autenticidad arquitectónica o a la autenticidad histórica en la conservación de las obras de Le Corbusier? Abstract: The Heritage of the Modern Movement and its conservation is a current topic, not only from the theoretical point of view but also from the practical, that is because the early twentieth century architecture has been needing and assuming interventions to keep up. It is chosen as a subject of study the housing, as well studied by the great archetype of the modern movement and specifically the Villa Savoye as a paradigm of the International Style. Thus, the investigation of this model is to draw conclusions for the preservation of the heritage of Le Corbusier ensuring its permanence in future generations. It has conducted an analysis of the Villa Savoye through stages of time. Each period has been studied through common parameters, giving an overview of the evolution of the elements that shape it and its entirety. The results of this analysis can make a comparative study between the original villa, the villa in its different stages and the current status, specifying what really remains of the villa of 1930. This contribution questions and thoughts arise: Does it matter the conservation of the original matter in the permanence of a milestone? Is it acceptable to inhabit a machine that you can not live in? Architectural authenticity prevails against the historical authenticity in the conservation of the works of Le Corbusier?Palabras clave: Savoye; evolución; permanencia; intervención; patrimonio. Keywords: Savoye; evolution; permanence; intervention; heritage. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.523

Author(s):  
Emanoela Gehlen Bregolin ◽  
Andrea Soler Machado

Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es demostrar que existe una poética en el urbanismo de Le Corbusier y que el tema se mantiene y se transforma en sus modelos teóricos y sus derivaciones. Desde el punto de vista teórico-metodológico, parte-se del presupuesto de que esa poética es el resultado de la dualidad entre arte y función presente en su pensamiento, originada en su formación personal y el momento histórico en el que produce su obra. El analisis se estructura con la agrupación de su produción urbanística en cuatro fases: 1-los años 1920: el Plan Ideal; 2-1929-38: las ciudades de América del sur y los viaductos; 3-1930-50: la Ville Radieuse; 4-Después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial: la ciudad de los 7V y la Unité d’habitation. La reflexión final retoma la visión general de su produción urbanística y la vincula al concepto de utopia. Abstract: The goal of this article is to demonstrate that there is an aspect of poetics in Le Corbusier’s urbanism and that this theme is maintained and you can see it being transformed through the theoretical models and its derivations. From the methodological and theoretical point of view, we make the assumption that the poetics is the result of the duality between art and function present in his thought, which comes from the historical moment in which his work was made and from his personal background. This analysis is structured by grouping his urban planning works in for phases; the 1920s: the Ideal City; 1929-38: the cities of South America and the viaduct; 1930-50: the Ville Radieuse; after the II World War: the city of 7V and the Unité d’habitation. The final considerations bring back the general vision of his urban planning works and tie it to the concept of utopia.  Palabras clave: Le Corbusier; Urbanismo; Poética; Arte; Función. Keywords: Le Corbusier; Urbanism; Poetics; Art; Función. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.1545


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 683-691
Author(s):  
Gabriele Cervino ◽  
Luigi Laino ◽  
Cesare D’Amico ◽  
Diana Russo ◽  
Ludovica Nucci ◽  
...  

AbstractA current topic in dentistry concerns the biocompatibility of the materials, and in particular, conservative dentistry and endodontics ones. The mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a dental material with biocompatibility properties to oral and dental tissues. MTA was developed for dental root repair in endodontic treatment and it is formulated from commercial Portland cement, combined with bismuth oxide powder for radiopacity. MTA is used for creating apical plugs during apexification, repairing root perforations during root canal therapy, treating internal root resorption, and pulp capping. The objective of this article is to investigate MTA features from a clinical point of view, even compared with other biomaterials. All the clinical data regarding this dental material will be evaluated in this review article. Data obtained from the analysis of the past 10 years’ literature highlighted 19 articles in which the MTA clinical aspects could be recorded. The results obtained in this article are an important step to demonstrate the safety and predictability of oral rehabilitations with these biomaterials and to promote a line to improve their properties in the future.


ZARCH ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Zaparaín Hernández

Muchas de las imágenes con las que Le Corbusier construyó su paisaje urbano procedían de las infraestructuras elevadas. Estas le aportaron dos visiones novedosas: se sustituía al tradicional observador a ras de suelo por la vista de pájaro y se superaba el estatismo de la perspectiva focal con un travelling dinámico desde el automóvil. Para conseguirlo, tomó prestada de la ingeniería civil la idea de crear una plataforma sobre pilotis, en la que disponer los edificios y las calles. Empleó la superposición de usos que permitía esa sección como instrumento urbanístico para zonificar y separar las circulaciones de lo habitacional. Esa plataforma, que al principio se limitaba al nivel inferior, evolucionó inspirándose en autopistas y puentes para definir algunos recursos plásticos que luego fueron imprescindibles en su arquitectura, como el viaducto habitado o la rampa, siempre asociados al movimiento y con dimensión territorial. De este análisis se desprende la habilidad corbuseriana para traducir las nuevas tecnologías a formas verdaderamente abstractas, su versatilidad para usar a diversas escalas los mismos elementos, la fidelidad a sus sistemas característicos y la capacidad para generar grandes iconos de la modernidad mediante la eficaz combinación propagandística de imágenes, gráficos y eslóganes. Palabras clave: Le Corbusier, ciudad, infraestructuras, circulaciones, viaductos Many of the images used by Le Corbusier to depict his urban landscape are from the high ways and bridges. This allowed him to change the traditional point of view in two ways: replacing the traditional observer at ground level by the bird's eye and changing the statism of the focal perspective which was replaced with a dynamic traveling from the car. To do this, he borrowed from civil engineering the idea of ​​creating a platform of pilotis, and to putting up the buildings and the streets. He used the superposition of uses that allowed that section as an urban planning instrument to zoning and separate the circulations of the housing. This platform, which at first was limited to the lower level, evolved inspired by motorways and bridges to define some plastic resources that were then essential in its architecture, such as the inhabited viaduct or ramp, always associated with movement and territorial dimension. This analysis reveals the ability of Le Corbusier to translate new technologies into truly abstract forms, his versatility to use the same elements at different scales, his fidelity to their characteristic systems and his ability to generate great icons of modernity through the effective combination of propaganda, images, graphics and slogans. Key words: Le Corbusier, city, road infrastructure, circulation, viaduct


Author(s):  
Susana Meleiro Lima

Abstract: The aim of this investigation is to present an approach to the notion of a global architect, the universality of his theory and legacy. The investigation is composed in two main stages whose goals are the following: 1) to address the notion of global architect; 2) to demonstrate the role of Le Corbusier to perform the idea of global architect and his influence in others architects, such as Fernando Távora (1923-2005), a portuguese architect recognized as the master of Álvaro Siza. The first stage, we seek to formulate a definition of global architect from the point of view of Le Corbusier’s works. During the second stage we analyse and compare the positions of Le Corbusier and Távora and their projects: Ronchamp, Chandigarh and Market at Vila da Feira and Ofir Summer House. Thus, we attempt to analyse the role of Le Corbusier as a global architect and his impact on others colleagues, such as Távora who seeks to achieve the same ideal of global architect and perform a universal vision of architecture. Resumen: El propósito de esta investigación consiste en presentar una aproximación a la idea de arquitecto global, la universalidad de su teoría y su legado. El artículo se compone en dos partes principales cuyos objetivos son los siguientes: 1) hacer una reflexión acerca de el concepto de arquitecto global; 2) aclarar el papel de Le Corbusier como un personaje que personificó el ideal de arquitecto global y mostrar como ha influenciado a muchos arquitectos, como es el ejemplo de Fernando Távora (1923-2005), un arquitecto portugués reconocido como el maestro de Álvaro Siza. En primer lugar, se procura formular una definición de arquitecto global desde el punto de vista de Le Corbusier y sus obras. Durante la segunda parte se analizan y comparan las posiciones de Le Corbusier y Fernando Távora así como sus proyectos: Ronchamp, Chandigarh, Mercado de Vila da Feira y la Casa de Verano en Ofir. Por fin, se trata de analizar la importancia y el papel de Le Corbusier como un arquitecto global y su impacto sobre otros colegas, como es el caso de Fernando Távora que intentaba lograr el mismo ideal de arquitecto global e incorporar una visión universal de la arquitectura.  Keywords: global architect; Le Corbusier; legacy; universalism; Fernando Távora. Palabras clave: arquitecto global; Le Corbusier; legado; universalismo; Fernando Távora. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.689


2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Eliesér Toretta Zen ◽  
Douglas Christian Ferrari de Melo

O artigo tem como escopo refletir, do ponto de vista teórico, sobre a formação humana a partir da vida e obra do pensador italiano, Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937). Nesse sentido, objetiva abordar algumas categorias filosóficas de sua práxis político-pedagógica, entre elas, escola unitária, hegemonia e onilateralidade, como expressões de uma concepção teórica e política de um projeto socialista de sociedade e de ser humano. Nessa perspectiva, a escola unitária, ao integrar de forma dialética trabalho manual e intelectual, a dimensão técnica e política, autonomia intelectual e moral, conforma-se em princípio educativo do processo de formação humana. E, por fim, inaugura um autêntico humanismo em que o ser humano é compreendido como o conjunto das relações sociais, um ser concreto e histórico, um devir humano-social. Palavras-chave: Gramsci. Escola unitária. Formação humana. GRAMSCI, UNITARY SCHOOL AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Abstract: The scope of this article is to reflect from the theoretical point of view about the human formation on the basis of Antonio Gramsci's life and work (1891-1937). In this way, this text  aims to address some philosophical categories of this Italian thinker's  political and pedagogical praxis, such as Unitarian school,  hegemony and  omnilaterality. These expressions are instruments to build a political and theoretical conception of a socialist project of society and human being. On this perspective, the unitarian school, by integrating in a dialectic way the manual and intelectual job, the technical and political dimensions, the moral and intelectual autonomy, conforms it, in an educational principle of human's formation process. And finally, he inaugurates a authentic humanism in which human being is understood as a group of social relations, a be concrete and historical, a becoming social and human. Keywords: Gramsci. Unitarian school. Human Formation. GRAMSCI, ESCUELA UNITÁRIA Y FORMACIÓN HUMANAResumen: El artículo tiene como alcance reflejar desde el punto de vista teórico de la formación humana de la vida y el trabajo del pensador italiano Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937). En este sentido, tiene como objetivo hacer frente a algunas categorías filosóficas de su praxis político-pedagógica, entre ellos, la escuela unitaria, hegemonía y onilateralidade, como expresión de una concepción teórica y política de un proyecto socialista de la sociedad y del ser humano. Desde esta perspectiva, la escuela unitaria, mediante la integración del trabajo manual e intelectual dialécticamente, la dimensión técnica y política, autonomía intelectual y moral, se ajusta en principio educativo del proceso de desarrollo humano. Por último, inaugura un auténtico humanismo en el que el ser humano se entiende como un conjunto de relaciones sociales, un ser concreto y de la historia, convirtiéndose en un ser humano-social. Palabras clave: Gramsci. Escuela de unidad. Formación humana.   


Popular Music ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCO SANTORO ◽  
MARCO SOLAROLI

AbstractBy offering a historical reconstruction of the process of contextualisation of hip hop culture in Italy over the last fifteen years, the article assesses the current status of canzone d’autore and its changing configuration under the impact of rap music. From a theoretical point of view, the conceptual framework combines the sociological definition of ‘field of cultural production’ elaborated by Pierre Bourdieu with the related literature on social and symbolic boundaries. From a methodological point of view, the analysis is based on the data collected by Club Tenco (a cultural organisation which plays an institutional role within the field of canzone d’autore) as well as on a series of qualitative interviews carried out with a number of Italian rappers and cantautori. Special attention is paid to a very few crucial figures that can be considered paradigmatic examples in the dynamic process of boundary-making of the two cultural (sub-)fields of Italian rap and canzone d’autore.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bousset ◽  
M. Ermel ◽  
R. Delourme

AbstractThe characterization of virulence frequencies has to be regularly updated to identify which genes are currently efficient and use this information to advise gene deployment by choosing varieties depending on the current composition of local pathogen population. In L. maculans on Brassica napus, because different genes were characterized by different teams, because new interactions are continuously identified and seed of differentials are difficult to obtain, we today still lack isolates characterized on all current resistance genes. On the one hand, we assembled a set of 12 isolates characterized on 13 of the 17 described resistance genes, having clearly compatible and clearly incompatible isolates for each interaction. This set can be used to characterize the L. maculans – B. napus interaction at cotyledon stage. Expanding the set of isolates with clearly virulent ones allowed us to detect inconsistent behaviour or intermediate (avirulent) phenotypes. On the other hand, we used this set of isolates as controls to identify virulence frequencies in a current French L. maculans population sampled in 2018 at Le Rheu. We provide the current status for 13 avirulence frequencies, including LepR1, LepR2 and LepR3 available in near isogenic lines of spring canola but not yet documented in France. Avirulence frequencies on the genes Rlm1, Rlm2, Rlm3, Rlm4, Rlm7, Rlm9 and LepR3 were low, indicating the lack of efficacy of these genes against the current population. In the opposite, all or most of isolates were avirulent for the genes Rlm5, Rlm6, Rlm10, Rlm11, LepR1 and LepR2. An optimistic point of view could conclude that there are ample resources for oilseed rape breeding. However, as compared to previous studies, so far all the resistance genes used on significant acreage without additional management practices have lost efficacy and only avirulences corresponding to resistance genes not deployed in France retain efficacy. While the call to wisely manage the available host resistance genes is not recent, it is still relevant. Adding, management practices to the deployment of resistance genes in order to reduce inoculum carry-over from one growing season to the next and to lower population sizes is key to maintain their efficacy over time.


1996 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. David Samson

Lewis Mumford's advocacy of European Modernism in architecture was the result of his relationship with Walter Curt Behrendt, the editor of the German Werkbund's journal Die Form from 1925 to 1927. Before they met in 1925 Mumford and Behrendt each worked to encourage a new vernacular style, which would use rural values and regional planning to remake the industrial city. The two united in their critique of the unrestricted urban development and industrial standardization which dominated American culture in the 1920s, and which in Germany was mythologized as Amerikanismus. In 1925 Behrendt recruited Mumford to write on American architecture for Die Form from an anti-Amerikanismus point of view. Yet when Behrendt expressed a new optimism about the machine's role in architecture, in his book Der Sieg des neuen Baustils (1927), Mumford began to emphasize functionalist, standardized forms as the key to organic design. The Werkbund's "New Era" publicity campaign of 1928-1932 convinced Mumford that the Modern Movement combined a naturally evolving vernacular style with artistic vanguardism, both in the service of cultural evolution. On this basis he supported both functionalist housing and Philip Johnson's "International Style" aestheticism after 1930.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Ramón Alejandro Macías Cevallos ◽  
Hipatia Alexandra Meza Intriago

El presente trabajo de investigación busca mejorar la coordinación multilateral mediante un sistema de ejercicios multilaterales que son pertinentes en las acciones de juego del tenis de campo en niños. En la actualidad es de mucha importancia, porque se desarrollan trabajos a nivel: motriz, cognitivo y psicológico que a su vez son esenciales en la etapa de formación; si analizamos todas las habilidades y destrezas a desarrollar vemos que en todas ellas está presente la coordinación, en los niños el desarrollo del área motriz es fundamental para el desempeño de sus actividades diarias, también para optimizar el desarrollo desde el entrenamiento, una de las limitaciones para muchos docentes y entrenadores es la variabilidad en el desarrollo de ejercicios y los procesos pedagógicos en el tenis de campo, el cual se constituye en uno de los pilares fundamentales para mejorar esta capacidad, por lo cual la investigación propuso una metodológica para la coordinación multilateral en la práctica del tenis de campo en niños de 8 a 12 años, enfocado al sistema de ejercicios que desarrolla este deporte. Desde el punto de vista teórico el tema encuentra un gran sustento en la literatura de las Ciencias de la Actividad Física en búsqueda de la capacidad coordinativa, por ello este trabajo nos permitió fundamentar la propuesta práctica de ejercicios de coordinación multilateral con gran objetividad; ofreciendo una sistematización a la diversidad de ideas, opiniones y resultados científicos de investigadores que han tratado la temática atestiguando el carácter científico de este trabajo investigativo en donde radica su valor y pertinencia teórica y científica. PALABRAS CLAVE: Desarrollo; Coordinación Multilateral; tenis de campo. MULTILATERAL COORDINATION EXERCISE SYSTEMS IN THE TENNIS FIELD WITH CHILDREN AGED 8 TO 12 ABSTRACT This research work seeks to improve multilateral coordination through a system of multilateral exercises that are relevant in the field of play tennis actions with children. At the present it is very important, because the work is carried out at the level like: motor, cognitive and psychological that in turn are essential in the training stage, if we analyze all the skills and abilities to be developed, because we see that coordination is present in all of them, in children the development of the motor area is fundamental for the performance of their daily activities, also to optimize since the development from training, one of the limitations for many teachers and coaches is the variability in the development of exercises and pedagogical processes in the field of tennis, which it constitutes in one of the fundamental pillars to improve this capacity, whereby this research proposes a methodology for the multilateral coordination in the practice of the field tennis in children from 8 to 12 years old, focused on the exercise system that develops this sport. From the theoretical point of view, the subject finds a great support in the Physical Activity Sciences literature, in search of the coordinative capacity, which is why this work allowed us to base the practical proposal of multilateral coordination exercises with great objectivity; offering a systematization to the diversity of ideas, opinions and scientific results of researchers who have dealt with the subject; attesting to the scientific nature of this research work where its theoretical pertinence and scientific value and relevance lies. KEYWORDS: development; multilateral coordination; tennis field.


Author(s):  
Sergio Garcia-Gasco Lominchar

Resumen: Iñaki Ábalos, en su libro “Atlas pintoresco” traza una línea de investigación sobre el Movimiento Moderno y su relación con la naturaleza y el paisaje. El autor establece un análisis en el que desenmascara los elementos pintorescos en la obra de Le Corbusier de manera que, aun apareciendo muchos de ellos en estado “latente” desde sus primeros postulados teóricos, paulatinamente y “casi de forma secreta” se irán adueñando de su modo de proyectar hasta conquistar todas las escalas de la arquitectura en su etapa final. Algunas de las características arquitectónicas de la llamada Escuela Paulista parecen ser a su vez influencia de la obra tardía de Le Corbusier. El pabellón de Paulo Mendes para la Exposición Universal de Osaka´70 nos sirve en este artículo para establecer un análisis de determinados aspectos pintorescos de Le Corbusier que subyacen en la arquitectura brasileña en general y de Paulo Mendes en particular. Abstract: Iñaki Abalos develop in “Atlas pintoresco” a research about Modern Movement and its relationship with nature and landscape. The author provides an analysis which unmask the picturesque elements in the work of Le Corbusier. These elements, even being "latent" in its earliest theoretical postulates, gradually and "almost secretly" will take over his way of projecting to conquer all scales of architecture in its final stage. Some of the architectural features of the so-called Paulista School seems to have influences of the later work of Le Corbusier. Paulo Mendes pavilion for the World Expo Osaka'70 can serve to establish an analysis of some of the picturesque aspects of Le Corbusier underlying brazilian architecture in general and Paulo Mendes in particular.  Palabras clave: Pintoresco; Escola Paulista ; Le Corbusier; Paulo Mendes da Rocha; Naturaleza; Paisaje. Keywords: Picturesque; Paulista School; Le Corbusier; Paulo Mendes da Rocha; Nature; Landscape. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.992


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