"Unser Newyorker Mitarbeiter": Lewis Mumford, Walter Curt Behrendt, and the Modern Movement in Germany

1996 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. David Samson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Regional Planning ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
New Era ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
International Style ◽  
Publicity Campaign ◽  
American Architecture ◽  
Lewis Mumford ◽  
Modern Movement

Lewis Mumford's advocacy of European Modernism in architecture was the result of his relationship with Walter Curt Behrendt, the editor of the German Werkbund's journal Die Form from 1925 to 1927. Before they met in 1925 Mumford and Behrendt each worked to encourage a new vernacular style, which would use rural values and regional planning to remake the industrial city. The two united in their critique of the unrestricted urban development and industrial standardization which dominated American culture in the 1920s, and which in Germany was mythologized as Amerikanismus. In 1925 Behrendt recruited Mumford to write on American architecture for Die Form from an anti-Amerikanismus point of view. Yet when Behrendt expressed a new optimism about the machine's role in architecture, in his book Der Sieg des neuen Baustils (1927), Mumford began to emphasize functionalist, standardized forms as the key to organic design. The Werkbund's "New Era" publicity campaign of 1928-1932 convinced Mumford that the Modern Movement combined a naturally evolving vernacular style with artistic vanguardism, both in the service of cultural evolution. On this basis he supported both functionalist housing and Philip Johnson's "International Style" aestheticism after 1930.

scholarly journals La Villa Savoye. Permanencias y transformaciones

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Carrau Carbonell
Keyword(s):  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
International Style ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Current Topic ◽  
Historical Authenticity ◽  
A Current ◽  
Modern Movement

Resumen: El Patrimonio del Movimiento Moderno y su conservación es un tema de actualidad, no solo desde el punto de vista teórico sino también desde el práctico, ya que la arquitectura de principios del s.XX lleva tiempo necesitando y asumiendo intervenciones para mantenerlas en pie. Se escoge como tema de estudio la vivienda, como arquetipo estudiado por los grandes del Movimiento Moderno y concretamente la villa Savoye como paradigma del Estilo Internacional. Así, con la investigación de este modelo se pretende sacar conclusiones para la conservación de la herencia de Le Corbusier asegurando su permanencia en las generaciones futuras. Se ha realizado un análisis de la villa Savoye por etapas de tiempo. Cada periodo se ha estudiado a través de unos parámetros comunes, obteniéndose una panorámica de la evolución de los elementos que la forman y de su globalidad. Los resultados de este análisis permiten hacer un estudio comparativo entre la villa original, la villa en sus distintas etapas y el estado actual, precisando qué es lo que realmente queda de la villa de 1930. De esta aportación surgen preguntas y reflexiones: ¿importa la conservación de la materia original en la permanencia de un hito? ¿es aceptable una máquina para habitar que no se puede habitar? ¿qué prevalece: la autenticidad arquitectónica o a la autenticidad histórica en la conservación de las obras de Le Corbusier? Abstract: The Heritage of the Modern Movement and its conservation is a current topic, not only from the theoretical point of view but also from the practical, that is because the early twentieth century architecture has been needing and assuming interventions to keep up. It is chosen as a subject of study the housing, as well studied by the great archetype of the modern movement and specifically the Villa Savoye as a paradigm of the International Style. Thus, the investigation of this model is to draw conclusions for the preservation of the heritage of Le Corbusier ensuring its permanence in future generations. It has conducted an analysis of the Villa Savoye through stages of time. Each period has been studied through common parameters, giving an overview of the evolution of the elements that shape it and its entirety. The results of this analysis can make a comparative study between the original villa, the villa in its different stages and the current status, specifying what really remains of the villa of 1930. This contribution questions and thoughts arise: Does it matter the conservation of the original matter in the permanence of a milestone? Is it acceptable to inhabit a machine that you can not live in? Architectural authenticity prevails against the historical authenticity in the conservation of the works of Le Corbusier?Palabras clave: Savoye; evolución; permanencia; intervención; patrimonio. Keywords: Savoye; evolution; permanence; intervention; heritage. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.523

Lewis Mumford

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-68
Author(s):  
Leonidas Donskis ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Planning ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Henry David Thoreau ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Garden City ◽  
Social Theories ◽  
American Romanticism ◽  
Great Tradition ◽  
Lewis Mumford ◽  
The City

Lewis Mumford's discursive map, uncovering the trajectories of modem consciousness and Western social philosophy, dates back to Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and the great tradition of American Romanticism However, Mumford's discursive map of the idea of the city cannot be reduced to architecture and city planning alone. His world of ideas draws on such thinkers and concepts as Ebenezer Howard's Garden City, Benton MacKaye's Eutopian ideas, Patrick Geddes' regional planning, and Frank Lloyd Wright's organic architecture (Broadacre City), anticipated by Louis Henri Sullivan. Mumford's theoretical constructions also reflect the worldviews of Simmel, Tönnies, Spengler, and Toynbee, as well as other influential social theories of the last two centuries, Mumford was apparently the first among twentieth-century intellectuals to grasp that human creation, interaction, self-fulfillment, and the search for perfectibility all take place in the city.

scholarly journals WONDERFUL STONES OF THE SOVIET ERA IN P.P. BAZHOV’S TALES

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-106
Author(s):  
Yang Yubing ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Problem Statement ◽  
The Urals ◽  
New Era ◽  
Happy Life ◽  
The Status ◽  
Post War

Problem statement. This article analyzes the lytic component of P. P. Bazhov’s tales of the 1940s and proves that these tales continue the tradition laid down by the tales of the 1930s, in which malachite, copper emerald, and chrysolite were the main stones reflecting the specifics of mining life. The lytic discourse of new tales, in which the sun stone, the key-stone, the patient pebble appear, makes it possible to expand the understanding of both the ideological component of the tales and the mythopoetics of the writer’s fiction as a whole. The purpose of the article is to study the lytic component of Bazhov’s military and post-war tales, in which the contours of the future happy life of the Soviet people are visible through the image of both real and miraculous stones of the new era. Methodology. The article uses the methodology of cultural-historical, ideological-figurative, and symbolic-contextual analysis. Research results and conclusions. The article sequentially examines a number of stones that, in their appearance and in their symbolic properties, can claim the status of stones of the new Soviet era in the Urals. Among these stones we see both real-life stones (heliolite, golden topaz, and rhodonite), which in their appearance and in their symbolic lytic properties can claim the status of stones of the new Soviet era in the “Tales about Lenin”, and magical stones (key stone, patient pebble, and golden mountain blossom). The latter make it possible to assess the utopian potential of the happy future of the Soviet Urals, which from the point of view of the 1940s did not seem absolutely unattainable to Bazhov.

scholarly journals Geneza moralności w świetle etyki ewolucyjnej

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020(41) (3) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Butowski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Biological Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Evolutionary Ethics

The article draws out the issue of morality genesis in the point of view of chosen representatives of evolutionary ethics, understood as a biological theory of morality. Under this theory, morality is the result of cooperation of biologicial evoltion and cultural evolution.

IV. Experiment in Medicine

1946 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 166-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Dale
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Medical Progress ◽  
New Era ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
History Of

I have been asked to speak about the history of the experimental method in medicine, with particular reference to the nineteenth century. This indication, though I do not propose to regard it as setting a limit, seems to have a special fitness, since it is to the nineteenth century, and especially to its latter half, that we must look for the effective beginning and astonishingly rapid development, the veritable outburst, indeed, of activity in the application of the experimental method to medicine, which opened the new era of medical progress in which we are living today. It is curious, perhaps, that this should have come so late in the history of science. For medicine had figured early in man's attempts to understand nature and his relation to it, and many departments of science which have long ago achieved recognition as independent bodies of knowledge originated as aspects of the physician's equipment—botany, for example, zoology and chemistry, as well as human anatomy and physiology, which still retain their attachment to the medical group of the scientific disciplines. From this point of view, then, it is not surprising to find two physicians, William Gilbert and William Harvey, as the leaders in this country of the scientific revolution which had begun in Europe in 1543 with the publication, within a few weeks of one another, of two books—one by Copernicus of Cracow,De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium, and the other by Vesalius of Padua,De Humani Corporis Fabrica. Both Gilbert and Harvey, we may be proud to remember, studied and first graduated in Medicine here, in Cambridge.

An Unexpected Path to Modernisation: The Case of German Artisans during the Second World War

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick L. Mckitrick
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Class Relations ◽  
World War ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

On 10 July 1950, at the celebrations marking the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the Wiesbaden Chamber of Artisans (Handwerkskammer), its president Karl Schöppler announced: ‘Today industry is in no way the enemy of Handwerk. Handwerk is not the enemy of industry.…’ These words, which accurately reflected the predominant point of view of the post-war chamber membership, and certainly of its politically influential leadership, marked a new era in the social, economic and political history of German artisans and, it is not too much to say, in the history of class relations in (West) Germany in general. Schöppler's immediate frame of reference was the long-standing and extremely consequential antipathy on the part of artisans towards industrial capitalism, an antipathy of which his listeners were well aware.

scholarly journals The New Era of Business Intelligence Applications: Building from a Collaborative Point of View

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Teruel ◽  
Alejandro Maté ◽  
Elena Navarro ◽  
Pascual González ◽  
Juan C. Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
New Era

scholarly journals Interval-Based Hypothesis Testing and Its Applications to Economics and Finance

Econometrics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Jae H. Kim ◽  
Andrew P. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Time Series ◽  
New Era ◽  
Null Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Point Null Hypothesis ◽  
Economic Time ◽  
Linear Restrictions

This paper presents a brief review of interval-based hypothesis testing, widely used in bio-statistics, medical science, and psychology, namely, tests for minimum-effect, equivalence, and non-inferiority. We present the methods in the contexts of a one-sample t-test and a test for linear restrictions in a regression. We present applications in testing for market efficiency, validity of asset-pricing models, and persistence of economic time series. We argue that, from the point of view of economics and finance, interval-based hypothesis testing provides more sensible inferential outcomes than those based on point-null hypothesis. We propose that interval-based tests be routinely employed in empirical research in business, as an alternative to point null hypothesis testing, especially in the new era of big data.

scholarly journals LANDSCAPE AND VIDEOART: THE NEW LANDSCAPE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Sanz Martín
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
New Era ◽  
New Type ◽  
The 19Th Century

We live in a new era -the Anthropocene-. And in a new society with its corresponding mentality and consciousness. But, we keep representing and interpreting the landscape, mainly, through the codes inherited from the Romanticism. This research will address artistic proposals that unite videoart and landscape. After reviewing the wide actual art panorama, we have identified a new type of landscape in the Contemporary Art. A landscape that does represent our society through its typical formal and conceptual codes, and that projects the vision and mentality of the Anthropocene’s society. We have identified a group of practices that by using the new technologies, the concerns of the 21st Century’s society and the new languages that characterize the technological era, such as the audiovisual, are creating a new landscape tradition. Resources like the moving imaging, the immersion feeling, the sensoriality or the audiovisual language are intrinsic to the society of the technological era. On other hand, we truly believe that this resurgence of Landscape in the Postmodernity is related to the environmental crisis that we are living. We have noticed that throughout the ages, after periods of big technoscientific development, humans have always gone back to Nature. Actually, Landscape have experienced its most golden periods after epochs of big development, like the 17th Century with the first recognised landscape paintings by Jacob van Ruysdael and Claude de Lorraine, or in the 19th Century with the romantic Landscape. We do not think that this is chance and for this reason, we will also study these landscapes from an anthropological perspective, a point of view that art historians have always ignorated so far[1]. [1] This paper is an extended version of the conference given at the 6th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM 2019 in Vienna, April 11-14th 2019. <https://doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2019V/6.1>

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