scholarly journals Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Human T Lymphocytes and Salutary Effects of ω- 3 Fatty Acid.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Human T Lymphocytes

Abstract Type 2 Diabetes conditions are associated with hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia; however, the role of Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) vs. Unsaturated Fatty Acids (UFA) and high glucose on human T lymphocytes (T cells) is not known. We investigated the salutary effect of the UFA ω-3 fatty acid, α- linolenic acid, on glucose and SFA, palmitic acid, induced activation on T cells as a cause of the inflammatory process with high glucose and SFA foods. These cells in the presence of palmitic acid and/or high glucose but not linolenic acid exhibited a concentration and time-dependent emergence of insulin receptors (INSR), expression, generation of ROS, lipid peroxidation, cytokines and NF-kB p65 translocation to the nucleus. Whereas, activation of the cells by elevated levels of glucose and palmitic acid were additive, addition of linolenic acid in a dose-related manner inhibited activation of cells by glucose and palmitic acid and reduced markers of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and cytokines. We propose that UFAs such as α-linolenic acid may serve as a protective mechanism against the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia of high sugar and SFA foods as in diabetes.

scholarly journals Hyperglycemia- and Hyperlipidemia-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Human T Lymphocytes and Human Aortic Endothelial Cells (HAEC)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frankie B. Stentz
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Insulin Receptors ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Approximately 65% of patients with T2DM die as a result of cardiovascular disease with hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia being important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Both T2DM and atherosclerosis are considered to be inflammatory processes Human T-lymphocytes (T-cells) and aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) have been shown to be components of plaque formation in atherosclerosis. T cells and HAEC are unique in that in their naive state they have no insulin receptors responsive to insulin but become activated in vitro hyperglycemia and in vivo hyperglycemic conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis and non-ketotic hyperglycemic conditions. Our studies show that T-cells and HAEC in the presence of high concentrations of glucose /and or the saturated fatty acid (SFA) palmitic acid become activated and express insulin receptors, reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokine elevation, and lipid peroxidation in a time and concentration-dependent manner. Whereas, the unsaturated fatty acid α-linoleic, was not able to activate these cells and had a salutary effect on the activation by glucose and palmitic acid. We have demonstrated that unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) may provide a protective mechanism against the prooxidant effects of hyperglycemia and high SFA such as palmitic acid. Therefore, diet alternations may be beneficial for decreasing hyperglycemia and cardiovascular risks. Studies have shown that lifestyle changes of diet and exercise can reduce the risk of developing diabetes by 58%. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are important risk factors of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we studied the effects of a High Protein diet versus a High Carbohydrate diet in obese non-diabetic, prediabetic and diabetic subjects for effects on weight loss, blood sugar, lipid levels, inflammation, and oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Fatty acid chemistry of Atrichum undulatum and Hypnum andoi

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Pejin ◽  
Ljubodrag Vujisic ◽  
Marko Sabovljevic ◽  
Vele Tesevic ◽  
Vlatka Vajs
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Behenic Acid ◽  
Moss Species

The fatty acid composition of the moss species Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. (Polytrichaceae) and Hypnum andoi A.J.E. Sm. (Hypnaceae) collected in winter time were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a contribution to their chemistry. Eight fatty acids were identified in the chloroform/methanol extract 1:1 of A. undulatum (linoleic acid 26.80%, palmitic acid 22.17%, ?-linolenic acid 20.50%, oleic acid 18.49%, arachidonic acid 6.21%, stearic acid 3.34%, cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid 1.52% and behenic acid 1.01%), while six fatty acids were found in the same type of extract of H. andoi (palmitic acid 63.48%, erucic acid 12.38%, stearic acid 8.08%, behenic acid 6.26%, lignoceric acid 5.16% and arachidic acid 4.64%). According to this study, the moss A. undulatum can be considered as a good source of both essential fatty acids for humans (linoleic acid and ?-linolenic acid) during the winter.

Changes in Membrane Fatty Acids in Cold-acclimated Turfgrass

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 453c-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenith Cyril ◽  
R.R. Duncan ◽  
W.V. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Cold Tolerant

Three genotypes of seashore paspalum, `PI 299042', `Adalayd', and `PI 509018-1' considered to be cold-sensitive, intermediately cold-tolerant and cold-tolerant, respectively, were analyzed to investigate the biochemical basis of cold tolerance. The cultivars were acclimated to 8/4 °C day/night temperatures and rhizomes nodes and crowns were harvested at 7-day intervals over the 4-week experiment. Total lipid was extracted from these tissues, and the fatty acids present in the lipid fraction were identified by gas chromatography. Palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid were the major fatty acids present. In cold acclimated tissues, the level of palmitic acid and stearic acid did not change significantly during the treatment period. There was a decrease in the level of linoleic acid by the second week of cold treatment. The amount of linolenic acid increased significantly during the second week of cold treatment corresponding to the decrease in linoleic acid. The change in the amount was significantly greater in `PI 509018-1' than in `Adalayd' or `PI 299042'. These results are similar to what was found for cultivars of bermudagrass that differ in their cold-tolerance phenotypes. Desaturases are enzymes involved in introducing the double bonds into the fatty acid chains. Research is underway to characterize and clone the genes encoding the Ω3, Ω6, and Ω9 desaturases, which may have an important role in affecting the cold tolerance by altering the degree of membrane lipid fatty acid saturation.

FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF PHOSPHATIDYL ETHANOL-AMINE AND PHOSPHATIDYL SERINE FROM DOG BILE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. K. Misra ◽  
D. A. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis

Phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl serine extracted from dog bile have been separated by means of ammonium silicate column chromatography. Concentration of phosphatidyl serine in dog bile is about seven times higher than phosphatidyl ethanolamine. Fatty acid analysis by gas chromatography showed that phosphatidyl ethanolamine contains about 26% palmitic acid, 18% stearic acid, 11% linoleic acid, 2% linolenic acid, 9% arachidonic acid, 3% C22:5 fatty acid, and 6% C22:6 fatty acid. The concentrations of these fatty acids observed in phosphatidyl serine are different; palmitic acid represents about 43%, stearic acid 9%, linoleic acid 24%, linolenic acid a trace amount, and arachidonic acid 5%; C22:5 and C22:6 fatty acids are absent.

scholarly journals Changes of Membrane Lipids in Apple Buds During Dormancy and Budbreak

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 803-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiow Y. Wang ◽  
Miklos Faust
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Free Sterols ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
Monogalactosyl Diglyceride

The changes of membrane lipids in apple (Malus domestics Borkh. cv. Delicious) auxillary and terminal buds from August to April were determined. The predominant lipids were monogalactosyl diglyceride (MGDG), digalactosyl diglyceride (DGDG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). An increase in membrane polar lipids was associated with budbreak and bud growth from August to April. Linolenic acid was the predominant fatty acid in MGDG, DGDG, and PC, while linoleic acid was predominant in PE. Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) contained a high amount of palmitic acid. The ratio of (18:2 + 18:3) to 18:1 fatty acids in galactolipids in apple buds increased from August to April. ß-Sitosterol and sitosteryl ester were the predominant sterols in apple buds. An increase in sitosterol, a decrease in sitosteryl ester, and a decline in the ratio of free sterols to phospholipids occurred during budbreak in spring. A decrease in sitosterol was associated with bud expansion in spring.

Effect of increased levels of dietary alpha-linolenic acid on the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid bioavailability and oxidative stress in rat

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Leslie Couëdelo ◽  
Benjamin Buaud ◽  
Hélène Abrous ◽  
Ikram Chamekh-Coelho ◽  
Didier Majou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract We investigated the impact of increased alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) dietary levels on its plasma bioavailability and its bioconversion in n-3 long chain poly unsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) during a 60-day kinetics and the oxidative stress potentially associated. Rats were submitted to a normolipidic diet providing 0, 3, 10 and 24% ALA of dietary lipids during a kinetics of 0, 15, 30 and 60 days. The lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress (nitric oxide (NO) contents and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), gluthation peroxidase (GPx) activities) were studied in the liver and plasma. Data demonstrated that when the diet was deprived in n-3 PUFAs, ALA, (eicosanoic acid) EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels decreased in all lipid fractions of plasma and in red blood cell (RBC) lipids. However when ALA was added in the diet, its bioavailability and its bioconversion in EPA was linearly correlated with the ALA intake (R2=0.98). When the diet provided 10 to 24% ALA in dietary lipids (LA/ALA, 1.6 and 5.5 respectively), ALA and EPA were more broadly packaged in all lipid fractions (triglyceride (TG), cholesterol ester (CE) and free fatty acids (FFA)) of plasma from 15 to 30 days timeframe. However only 3% ALA in the lipid diet was sufficient to promote the maximal bioconversion of ALA in DHA in phospholipid (PL) and TG fractions. Additionally, the improvement of ALA bioconversion in EPA and DHA did not impact the oxidative stress markers wich can limit lipid peroxidation. To conclude, this study demonstrated that 10% ALA in the diet for 15-30 days is the gold diet to promote its bioavailability and its bioconversion in n-3 PUFAs in rat and allowed the greatest levels in plasma and RBCs.

scholarly journals Effect of feeding linseed on the fatty acid composition of milk

2013 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Ágnes Süli ◽  
Béla Béri ◽  
János Csapó ◽  
Éva Vargáné Visi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids

In the last decades many researches were made to change the animal product food’s composition. The production of better fat-compound milk and dairy products became a goal in the name of health conscious nutrition. These researches were motivated by the non adequate milk fat’s fatty acid composition. There have been made researches in order to modify the milk’s fatty acids’ composition to reach the expectations of functional foods. With the optimal supplement of the feed can be increased the proportion of the polyunsaturated fatty acids and can decreased the saturated fatty acids. Row fat content of milk was not decreasing in the course of examination neither of the cold extruded linseed nor the whole linseed supplement as opposed to observations experienced by other authors. In case of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids when supplementing with cold extruded linseed the most significant change was observable in the concentration of the elaidic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, alfa-linolenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid. In case of saturated fatty acids the quantity of palmitic acid and myristic acid lowered considerably. When observating the feeding with whole linseed the concentration of many fatty acids from the milkfat of saturated fatty acids lowered (caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid). The quantity of some unsaturated fatty acids was showing a distinct rise after feeding with linseed, this way the oleic acid, alfa-linolenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, eicosadienoic acid. The aim of the study was to produce food which meets the changed demands of customers as well. The producing of milk with favourable fatty acid content from human health point of view can give scope propagate the products of animal origin.  

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