scholarly journals Solar, ionospheric and geomagnetic indices

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Perrone ◽  
G. De Franceschi
Keyword(s):  
Time History ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Geomagnetic Indices

The most common solar, ionospheric and geomagnetic indices are here presented with particular reference to their application for radiocommunication prediction purposes. Summary tables of practical use are also included concerning the method of derivation of the indices, their time interval, their drawbacks, their time-history and the INTERNET node addresses where they are available.

scholarly journals Association between Internet Use Behavior and Palpitation among Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study of Middle School Children from Northwest Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4278
Author(s):  
Cecilia Lazea ◽  
Alexandra Popa ◽  
Cristina Varga
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West ◽  
Use Behavior

Purpose: The use of the internet is a tool and media literacy has become an essential skill among adolescents. Related to this behavior, some adolescents evoke cardiovascular effects. The purpose of this study was to explore a possible correlation between internet use behavior and occurrence of palpitations and related symptoms among a representative cohort of adolescents from the north-west region of Romania. Method: The study included students of seven middle schools from Northwest Romania. Participants completed an anonymous questionnaire consisting of 18 questions about internet use. Results: In total, 1147 students responded to the study. Mean duration of daily internet usage was 2.57 h during school time and 3.57 h during the holidays. A total of 77% of adolescents had more than one symptom related to internet use, and 11% of them reported palpitations and related symptoms. We found an independent relation between palpitation and urban background, palpitations and the internet usage time interval 20:00–24:00, and palpitations and tobacco smoking. Strong heartbeats were independently associated with the time interval 12:00–16:00, tobacco smoking, and energy drink consumption. Conclusion: In our cohort, the most important factors associated with the occurrence of palpitations and related symptoms were the timeframe of internet usage and smoking.

Energies of precipitating electrons during pulsating aurora events derived from ionosonde observations

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1070-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. MacDougall ◽  
J. Hofstee ◽  
J. A. Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Energy Flux ◽  
Time History ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Characteristic Energy ◽  
Morning Sector ◽  
History Of

The time-history of particle energies and fluxes associated with pulsating auroras in the morning sector is derived from ionosonde measurements. All the pulsating auroras studied showed a similar history with the pulsations occurring during a time interval of the order of an hour during which the average auroral Maxwellian characteristic energy stays relatively constant but the energy flux decreases progressively during the event. A possible explanation for this behaviour in terms of an injection of particles into a magnetospheric "bottle" near the midnight meridian and the progressive precipitation out of the bottle during the pulsating event is suggested.

scholarly journals Correction and Validation of Time-Critical Behavioral Measurements over the Internet in the Stage Twin Cohort with More Than 7000 Participants

Psych ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-152
Author(s):  
Guy Madison
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Data Quality Control ◽  
Twin Design ◽  
Association Reaction ◽  
Time Critical ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Interval Production

Behavioral data are increasingly collected over the Internet. This is particularly useful when participants’ own computers can be used as they are, without any modification that relies on their technical skills. However, the temporal accuracy in these settings is generally poor, unknown, and varies substantially across different hard- and software components. This makes it dubious to administer time-critical behavioral tests such as implicit association, reaction time, or various forms of temporal judgment/perception and production. Here, we describe the online collection and subsequent data quality control and adjustment of reaction time and time interval production data from 7127 twins sourced from the Swedish Twin Registry. The purposes are to (1) validate the data that are already and will continue to be reported in forthcoming publications (due to their utility, such as the large sample size and the twin design) and to (2) provide examples of how one might engage in post-hoc analyses of such data, and (3) explore how one might control for systematic influences from specific components in the functional chain. These possible influences include the type and version of the operating system, browser, and multimedia plug-in type

Smart City Based on MQTT Using Wireless Sensors

2018 ◽  
pp. 240-263
Author(s):  
Monika Bharatbhai Patel ◽  
Chintan M. Bhatt ◽  
Hamed Vahdat-Nejad ◽  
Hardik B. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Cloud Server ◽  
The World ◽  
Monitor Data ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The internet of things can involve a huge number of connected devices and sensors for the betterment of our lives and businesses. Sensors are the main part of IoT. The main target of this chapter is to develop an IoT-based information observing system for specific areas like home, cities, industries, hospitals, etc. In this system, the environmental data of different elements, for example, temperature, humidity, pressure, should screen and get a redesign with a particular time interval. The authors use Raspberry Pi 3 and MQTT to observe information over a remote area and get an update with it anyplace in the world. They transmit the environmental data to the cloud server sent by Raspberry Pi 3. There, the authors can monitor data in both modes (online and offline).

Non-Gaussian behavior of the internet topological fluctuations

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (05) ◽  
pp. 1440012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qu Chen ◽  
Jiang-Hai Qian ◽  
Ding-Ding Han
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Scaling Relation ◽  
Power Law Decay ◽  
Exponential Decrease ◽  
Non Gaussian ◽  
Growth Rate Distribution ◽  
Topological Fluctuations

The traditional Gibrat's hypotheses were once used to model the topological fluctuations of Internet. Although it seems to reproduce the scaling relation of Internet's degree distribution, the detailed micro-dynamics have never been empirically validated. Here, we analyze the distribution of degree growth rates of the Internet for various time scales. We find that in contrast to the traditional Gibrat's assumptions, none of the degree growth rates are normally distributed, but behaves as an exponential decrease on its body and a power-law decay on its tail. Moreover, the observed growth rate distribution turns out independent of the initial degree when the time interval enlarges to a year. Our observations do not consist with the traditional Gibrat law model and suggest a more complex fluctuation mechanism underlying the evolution of Internet.

scholarly journals Sistem Pemantau Gas di Tempat Pembuangan Sampah Akhir Berbasis Internet of Things

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Fathur Zaini Rachman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Data Delivery ◽  
Internet Connection ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Internet Of Things

This research developed a gas monitoring system in the final waste disposal. The system has implemented the Internet of Things (IoT) using the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module to transmit methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) data concentration, as well as temperature and humidity to the ThingSpeak server. Users can monitor and access these environmental data through social media Twitter and websites from anywhere. The fastest data delivery can be obtained with a time interval of 16 seconds on each data packet sent when there is an Internet connection.

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of severe magnetic fluctuations in the near-Earth plasma sheet observed by THEMIS-E

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1131-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heqiucen Xu ◽  
Kazuo Shiokawa ◽  
Dennis Frühauff
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Plasma Sheet ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Time History ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Magnetic Fluctuations ◽  
Current Disruption ◽  
Magnetic Fluctuation ◽  
Inside Out

Abstract. We statistically analyzed severe magnetic fluctuations in the nightside near-Earth plasma sheet at 6–12 RE (Earth radii; 1 RE = 6371 km), because they are important for non-magnetohydrodynamics (non-MHD) effects in the magnetotail and are considered to be necessary for current disruption in the inside-out substorm model. We used magnetic field data from 2013 and 2014 obtained by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms E (THEMIS-E) satellite (sampling rate: 4 Hz). A total of 1283 severe magnetic fluctuation events were identified that satisfied the criteria σB∕B > 0. 5, where σB and B are the standard deviation and the average value of magnetic field intensity during the time interval of the local proton gyroperiod, respectively. We found that the occurrence rates of severe fluctuation events are 0.00118, 0.00899, and 0.0238 % at 6–8, 8–10, and 10–12 RE, respectively, and most events last for no more than 15 s. From these occurrence rates, we estimated the possible scale sizes of current disruption by severe magnetic fluctuations as 3.83 RE3 by assuming that four substorms with 5 min intervals of current disruption occur every day. The fluctuation events occurred most frequently at the ZGSM (Z distance in the geocentric solar magnetospheric coordinate system) close to the model neutral sheet within 0.2 RE. Most events occur in association with sudden decreases in the auroral electrojet lower (AL) index and magnetic field dipolarization, indicating that they are related to substorms. Sixty-two percent of magnetic fluctuation events were accompanied by ion flow with velocity V > 100 km s−1, indicating that the violation of ion gyromotion tends to occur during high-speed flow in the near-Earth plasma sheet. The superposed epoch analysis also indicated that the flow speed increases before the severe magnetic fluctuations. We discuss how both the inside-out and outside-in substorm models can explain this increase in flow speeds before magnetic fluctuation events.

scholarly journals Solar-wind control of plasma sheet dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 845-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Myllys ◽  
E. Kilpua ◽  
T. Pulkkinen
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Time History ◽  
Solar Wind Plasma ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Time Interval

Abstract. The purpose of this study is to quantify how solar-wind conditions affect the energy and plasma transport in the geomagnetic tail and its large-scale configuration. To identify the role of various effects, the magnetospheric data were sorted according to different solar-wind plasma and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) parameters: speed, dynamic pressure, IMF north–south component, epsilon parameter, Auroral Electrojet (AE) index and IMF ultra low-frequency (ULF) fluctuation power. We study variations in the average flow speed pattern and the occurrence rate of fast flow bursts in the magnetotail during different solar-wind conditions using magnetospheric data from five Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) mission spacecraft and solar-wind data from NASA's OMNIWeb. The time interval covers the years from 2008 to 2011 during the deep solar minimum between cycles 23 and 24 and the relatively quiet rising phase of cycle 24. Hence, we investigate magnetospheric processes and solar-wind–magnetospheric coupling during a relatively quiet state of the magnetosphere. We show that the occurrence rate of the fast (|Vtail| > 100 km s−1) sunward flows varies under different solar-wind conditions more than the occurrence of the fast tailward flows. The occurrence frequency of the fast tailward flows does not change much with the solar-wind conditions. We also note that the sign of the IMF BZ has the most visible effect on the occurrence rate and pattern of the fast sunward flows. High-speed flow bursts are more common during the slow than fast solar-wind conditions.

scholarly journals Examining the Level of Internet Addiction of Adolescents in Terms of Various Variables

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Fatih Ayaz ◽  
Kasim Karatas
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
School Students ◽  
Class Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Science High School

The aim of the research is to examine the internet addiction of adolescents according to their genders, the type of their high-schools and class level, the time interval that they use internet most widely, their internet usage duration and usage purpose. For that, it is studied with 335 high-school students in Elazig city of Turkey in 2015. The internet addiction scale that Young (1998) developed was used to determine internet addiction of adolescents. In the analysis of data, t-test and unilateral variance analysis were used. At the result of analysis, the mean score of that adolescents got by internet addiction scale was determined as . In analysis between variables it was seen that the internet addiction level of Science-High School students was lower compared to Anatolian and Vocational High-School students. It was observed that the more the usage duration increases the more the internet addiction increases. It was determined the students who use internet mostly for games or social media are more addicted. Besides; as statistical, a significant difference wasn’t determined between genders, classes and the variables that internet is mostly used.

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