scholarly journals Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP) in continental Asia

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Zhang ◽  
Z. X. Yang ◽  
H. K. Gupta ◽  
S. C. Bhatia ◽  
K. M. Shedlock
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Exceedance Probability ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
Hazard Map ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Assessment Program ◽  
Regional Effort

The regional hazard mapping for the whole Eastern Asia was coordinated by the SSB Regional Centre in Beijing, originating from the expansion of the test area initially established in the border region of China-India-Nepal-Myanmar- Bangla Dash, in coordination with the other Regional Centres (JIPE, Moscow, and AGSO, Canberra) and with the direct assistance of the USGS. All Eastern Asian countries have participated directly in this regional effort, with the addition of Japan, for which an existing national hazard map was incorporated. The regional hazard depicts the expected peak ground acceleration with 10% exceedance probability in 50 years.

scholarly journals Seismic hazard of Northern Eurasia

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Ulomov ◽  
. The GSHAP Region Working Group
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Exceedance Probability ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Seismic Catalogue ◽  
Close Cooperation

The GSHAP Regional Centre in Moscow, UIPE, has coordinated the seismic hazard mapping for the whole territory of the former U.S.S.R. and border regions. A five-year program was conducted to assemble for the whole area, subdivided in five overlapping blocks, the unified seismic catalogue with uniform magnitude, the strong motion databank and the seismic zones model (lineament-domain-source), which form the basis of a newly developed deterministic-probabilistic computation of seismic hazard assessment. The work was conducted in close cooperation with border regions and GSHAP regional centers. The hazard was originally computed in terms of expected MSK intensity and then transformed into expected peak ground acceleration with 10% exceedance probability in 50 years.

scholarly journals The GSHAP Global Seismic Hazard Map

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Giardini ◽  
G. Grünthal ◽  
K. M. Shedlock ◽  
P. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Hazard Map ◽  
Disaster Reduction ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Assessment Program ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Seismic Hazard Map ◽  
International Decade

The Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP), a demonstration project of the UN/International Decade of Natural Disaster Reduction, was conducted in the 1992-1998 period with the goal of improving global standards in seismic hazard assessment. The GSHAP Global Seismic Hazard Map has been compiled by joining the regional maps produced for different GSHAP regions and test areas; it depicts the global seismic hazard as Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) with a 10% chance of exceedance in 50 years, corresponding to a return period of 475 years.

scholarly journals Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program - GSHAP legacy

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurentiu Danciu ◽  
Domenico Giardini
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Hazard Models ◽  
Hazard Map ◽  
Assessment Program ◽  
Earthquake Model ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
Seismic Hazard Map

<p>Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program - or simply GSHAP, when launched, almost two decades ago, aimed at establishing a common framework to evaluate the seismic hazard over geographical large-scales, i.e. countries, regions, continents and finally the globe. Its main product, the global seismic hazard map was a milestone, unique at that time and for a decade have served as the main reference worldwide. Today, for most of the Earth’s seismically active regions such Europe, Northern and Southern America, Central and South-East Asia, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the GSHAP seismic hazard map is outdated. The rapid increase of the new data, advance on the earthquake process knowledge, technological progress, both hardware and software, contributed all in updates of the seismic hazard models. We present herein, a short retrospective overview of the achievements as well as the pitfalls of the GSHAP. Further, we describe the next generation of seismic hazard models, as elaborated within the Global Earthquake Model, regional programs: the 2013 European Seismic Hazard Model, the 2014 Earthquake Model for Middle East, and the 2015 Earthquake Model of Central Asia. Later, the main characteristics of these regional models are summarized and the new datasets fully harmonized across national borders are illustrated for the first time after the GSHAP completion.</p>

scholarly journals The Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP) - 1992/1999

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Giardini
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Global Dimension ◽  
Hazard Evaluation ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Assessment Program ◽  
Seismic Hazard Evaluation ◽  
International Decade

The United Nations, recognizing natural disasters as a major threat to human life and development, designed the 1990-1999 period as the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (UN/IDNDR; UN Res. 42/169/ 1987). Among the IDNDR Demonstration Projects is the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP), launched in 1992 by the International Lithosphere Program (ILP) and implemented in the 1992-1999 period. In order to mitigate the risk associated to the recurrence of earthquakes, the GSHAP promoted a regionally coordinated, homogeneous approach to seismic hazard evaluation. To achieve a global dimension, the GSHAP established initially a mosaic of regions and multinational test areas, then expanded to cover whole continents and finally the globe. The GSHAP Global Map of Seismic Hazard integrates the results obtained in the regional areas and depicts Peak-Ground-Acceleration (PGA) with 10% chance of exceedance in 50 years, corresponding to a return period of 475 years. All regional results and the Global Map of Seismic Hazard are published in 1999 and available on the GSHAP homepage on http://seismo.ethz.ch/GSHAP/.

scholarly journals Seismic hazard assessment in the Northern Andes (PILOTO Project)

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dimaté ◽  
L. Drake ◽  
H. Yepez ◽  
L. Ocola ◽  
H. Rendon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Test Area ◽  
Exceedance Probability ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Earthquake Catalogues ◽  
Andean Countries ◽  
Program Test

Five Andean countries (Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela) and four European countries (Italy, Spain, Holland, Germany) cooperated in the PILOTO program ("Test area for earthquake monitoring and seismic hazard assessment"), launched under GSHAP and sponsored by the European Union (Ct.94-0103) to produce a unified SHA for the Andean region. Activities included the integration of national earthquake catalogues and source zonings in common regional databases and joint technical workshops for the assessment of the regional hazard, expressed in terms of expected peak ground acceleration with 10% exceedance probability in 50 years.

SPECIFIC FUNCTIONING OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS IN KEY COUNTRIES OF EASTERN ASIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
K. D. GVASALIYA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
East Asian Region ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Characteristic Features

The East Asian region plays an important economic role in the system of world economic relations, includ-ing one fifth of the world's population with a rapidly growing middle class and mobility that creates high consumer demand. The specifics of the functioning of international business in the key East Asian countries, including gov-ernment regulation, forms of doing business, characteristic features and stages of the formation of international business, differ significantly from those adopted in Western countries. Due to this, the study of the development and functioning of international business in the region is a relevant area of research. The article discusses the main specific features of the Asian business model, analyzes the specificity and forms of functioning of international business in the East Asian countries.

scholarly journals Seismic Hazard Assessment for the Tianshui Urban Area, Gansu Province, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenming Wang ◽  
David T. Butler ◽  
Edward W. Woolery ◽  
Lanmin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Peak Ground Velocity ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Acceleration Time Histories

A scenario seismic hazard analysis was performed for the city of Tianshui. The scenario hazard analysis utilized the best available geologic and seismological information as well as composite source model (i.e., ground motion simulation) to derive ground motion hazards in terms of acceleration time histories, peak values (e.g., peak ground acceleration and peak ground velocity), and response spectra. This study confirms that Tianshui is facing significant seismic hazard, and certain mitigation measures, such as better seismic design for buildings and other structures, should be developed and implemented. This study shows that PGA of 0.3 g (equivalent to Chinese intensity VIII) should be considered for seismic design of general building and PGA of 0.4 g (equivalent to Chinese intensity IX) for seismic design of critical facility in Tianshui.

scholarly journals A method for multi-hazard mapping in poorly known volcanic areas: an example from Kanlaon (Philippines)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1929-1943 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Neri ◽  
G. Le Cozannet ◽  
P. Thierry ◽  
C. Bignami ◽  
J. Ruch
Keyword(s):  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Volcanic Hazards ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
Hazard Map ◽  
Event Tree ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Civil Defence ◽  
Term Data

Abstract. Hazard mapping in poorly known volcanic areas is complex since much evidence of volcanic and non-volcanic hazards is often hidden by vegetation and alteration. In this paper, we propose a semi-quantitative method based on hazard event tree and multi-hazard map constructions developed in the frame of the FP7 MIAVITA project. We applied this method to the Kanlaon volcano (Philippines), which is characterized by poor geologic and historical records. We combine updated geological (long-term) and historical (short-term) data, building an event tree for the main types of hazardous events at Kanlaon and their potential frequencies. We then propose an updated multi-hazard map for Kanlaon, which may serve as a working base map in the case of future unrest. The obtained results extend the information already contained in previous volcanic hazard maps of Kanlaon, highlighting (i) an extensive, potentially active ~5 km long summit area striking north–south, (ii) new morphological features on the eastern flank of the volcano, prone to receiving volcanic products expanding from the summit, and (iii) important riverbeds that may potentially accumulate devastating mudflows. This preliminary study constitutes a basis that may help local civil defence authorities in making more informed land use planning decisions and in anticipating future risk/hazards at Kanlaon. This multi-hazard mapping method may also be applied to other poorly known active volcanoes.

scholarly journals Seismic hazard assessment of Iran

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Tavakoli ◽  
M. Ghafory-Ashtiany
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Grid Point ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Earthquake Insurance ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Seismic Source Models

The development of the new seismic hazard map of Iran is based on probabilistic seismic hazard computation using the historical earthquakes data, geology, tectonics, fault activity and seismic source models in Iran. These maps have been prepared to indicate the earthquake hazard of Iran in the form of iso-acceleration contour lines, and seismic hazard zoning, by using current probabilistic procedures. They display the probabilistic estimates of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) for the return periods of 75 and 475 years. The maps have been divided into intervals of 0.25 degrees in both latitudinal and longitudinal directions to calculate the peak ground acceleration values at each grid point and draw the seismic hazard curves. The results presented in this study will provide the basis for the preparation of seismic risk maps, the estimation of earthquake insurance premiums, and the preliminary site evaluation of critical facilities.

Mapping indoor radon: individual vs. collective hazard

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Petermann ◽  
Peter Bossew
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Soil Gas ◽  
Exceedance Probability ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
Building Stock

&lt;p&gt;Indoor radon is considered as an indoor air pollutant due to its carcinogenic effect. Since the main source of indoor radon is the ground beneath the house, we use geogenic Rn as predictor for indoor Rn hazard mapping. In this contribution, we present a model to link geogenic to indoor Rn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In a first step, we build a random forest model that utilizes observational data (n=6,293) of Rn concentration in soil gas and soil gas permeability across Germany in combination with auxiliary data (geology, soil physical and chemical properties, climate) to create spatially continuous map of a geogenic radon hazard index. Then, in a second step, this is geogenic radon hazard index map is linked to indoor radon data (n=44,629) via a logistic regression model for calculating the probabilities that indoor Rn exceeds 300 Bq/m&amp;#179;. The estimated probability was averaged for every municipality by considering only the estimates within the built-up area. Finally, the mean exceedance probability per municipality was coupled with the respective residential building stock for estimating the number of residential buildings with indoor Rn above 300 Bq/m&amp;#179; for each municipality.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We found that (1) the municipal-scale maps of 300 Bq/m&amp;#179; exceedance probability (individual hazard) and affected residential buildings (collective hazard) show contrasting spatial patterns, (2) the estimated number of buildings above 300 Bq/m&amp;#179; in Germany is 345,000 (1.9 % of all residential buildings), (3) areas where 300 Bq/m&amp;#179; exceedance is greater than 10 % comprise only 0.8 % of the German building stock but 6.3 % of buildings with indoor Rn exceeding 300 Bq/m&amp;#179;, and (4) most urban areas and most high-radon residential buildings (77 %) are located in low hazard regions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The implications for Rn protection are twofold: (1) the Rn priority area concept is cost-efficient in a sense that it allows to find the most buildings that exceed a threshold concentration with a given amount of resources, and (2) for an optimal reduction of lung cancer risk areas outside of Rn priority areas must be addressed since most hazardous indoor Rn concentrations occur in low to medium hazard areas.&lt;/p&gt;

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