Estimation of Tire Temperature Distribution and Rolling Resistance under Running Conditions Including Environmental Factors

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutaka Yokota ◽  
Eisei Higuchi ◽  
Masashi Kitagawa
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Rolling Resistance

Finite element method estimation of temperature distribution of automotive tire using one-way-coupled method

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110087
Author(s):  
Zumrat Usmanova ◽  
Emin Sunbuloglu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Coupled Method ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Hysteretic Loss

Numerical simulation of automotive tires is still a challenging problem due to their complex geometry and structures, as well as the non-uniform loading and operating conditions. Hysteretic loss and rolling resistance are the most crucial features of tire design for engineers. A decoupled numerical model was proposed to predict hysteretic loss and temperature distribution in a tire, however temperature dependent material properties being utilized only during the heat generation analysis stage. Cyclic change of strain energy values was extracted from 3-D deformation analysis, which was further used in a thermal analysis as input to predict temperature distribution and thermal heat generation due to hysteretic loss. This method was compared with the decoupled model where temperature dependence was ignored in both deformation and thermal analysis stages. Deformation analysis results were compared with experimental data available. The proposed method of numerical modeling was quite accurate and results were found to be close to the actual tire behavior. It was shown that one-way-coupled method provides rolling resistance and peak temperature values that are in agreement with experimental values as well.

Thermal Engineering Analysis of Rubber Vulcanization and Tread Temperatures During Severe Sliding of a Tire

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sakai ◽  
K. Araki
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Sliding Friction ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Thermal Engineering ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Engineering Analysis ◽  
Transient Temperature Distribution ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Abstract Tire skid marks at the scene of an accident are often used as evidence and are a very important phenomenon. However, the mechanism of this complex phenomenon has not yet been fully examined. Tires are manufactured by a chemical reaction in which rubber molecules are combined into a network structure during a process called vulcanization, in which the tire is heated in a mold. The transient temperature distribution is important in determining the state of vulcanization, but the analysis is very difficult. We treat the tire tread as a rubber slab to estimate the temperature history during heating and cooling. Then we calculate the vulcanization index using Arrhenius's equation, assuming that the rate of chemical reaction approximately doubles as the temperature increases by 10° C. Finally, we calculate the transient temperature distribution of the tread due to the heat generated by internal friction (rolling resistance of the tire), and the heat generated by sliding friction under conditions of severe cornering and braking. We investigate a criterion for modeling the occurrence of tire skid marks, assuming that skid marks are caused by exceeding the softening temperatures of the rubber and asphalt.

Thermoviscoelastic modeling of a nonpneumatic tire with a lattice spoke

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sairom Yoo ◽  
Md Salah Uddin ◽  
Hyeonu Heo ◽  
Jaehyung Ju ◽  
Seok-Ju Choi
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Thermomechanical Model ◽  
Component Level

Nonpneumatic tires made from materials with a low viscoelastic energy loss can be an option for developing tires with a low rolling resistance. For better fuel-efficient design of nonpneumatic tires, the rolling energy loss of the nonpneumatic tires may need to be analyzed at a component level. The objective of this study is to develop a numerical tool that can quantify the rolling energy loss and the corresponding internal heat generation of a nonpneumatic tire. We construct a thermomechanical model that covers the interaction between the deformation and the related heat generation in an elastomer material. We suggest, for various vehicle loads and various rolling speeds, a coupled thermoviscoelastic material model for a nonpneumatic tire with a hexagonal cellular spoke in order to investigate the temperature distribution of the nopneumatic tire generated by hysteresis and convection loss to the air. Using a hyperviscoelastic material model developed from uniaxial (tension and compression) tests and dynamic mechanical analysis, a thermomechanical model is constructed by combining a shear-deformation-induced hysteresis and a cooling procedure when exposed to the air. The model of the temperature rise of the nonpneumatic tire is validated using temperature measurement with a thermal imaging camera during rolling of the nonpneumatic tire. The developed tool combining the viscoelastic material model with the aerodynamic heat loss quantifies well the hysteretic energy loss and the temperature distribution at each component of the nonpneumatic tire.

A Finite Element Model for the Rolling Loss Prediction and Fracture Analysis of Radial Tires

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-T. Wei ◽  
Z.-H. Tian ◽  
X. W. Du
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Energy Release ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Strain Energy Release ◽  
Fracture Analysis ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Loss Model

Abstract With the development of tire mechanics and computer technology, tire deformation, rolling resistance, and temperature distribution under rolling conditions may be predicted accurately through finite element analysis (FEA). Deep knowledge of tire fracture and failure behavior may also be obtained by FEA. During the past years, an in-house finite element program has been developed in our research laboratory which can analyze the tire deformation, stress, and strain under the static inflation and footprint load conditions and can predict the tire rolling resistance and temperature distribution as well. This paper gives a brief description of the mathematical and mechanical foundations of the developed FEA code and the computing procedures, emphasizing the tire material loss model and the calculation procedure of strain energy release rate in tire fracture analysis. Two characteristics of the presented model compared with the published literature are the three-dimensional anisotropic properties included in the loss model of cord-rubber materials and a new VCCT (Virtual Crack Closure Technique), which is simple and physically direct, saves on the amount of computation, and is developed to compute the fields of strain energy release rates (Serrs) in the crack front to analyze tire fracture behavior.

Analysis of Temperature Distribution in a Rolling Tire Due to Strain Energy Dissipation

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Park ◽  
S-K. Youn ◽  
T. S. Song ◽  
N-J. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Thermomechanical Behavior ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Sequential Approach ◽  
Internal Dissipation ◽  
Steady State Rolling ◽  
Viscoelastic Theory

Abstract This paper addresses a systematic procedure using a sequential approach for the analysis of the coupled thermomechanical behavior of a steady state rolling tire. Not only knowledge of mechanical stresses but also knowledge of the temperature loading in a rolling tire are very important because material damage and material properties are affected significantly by the temperature. In general, the thermomechanical behavior of a pneumatic tire is a highly complex transient phenomenon that requires the solution of a dynamic nonlinear coupled thermoviscoelasticity problem with heat sources resulting from internal dissipation and friction. In this paper, a sequential approach, with effective calculation schemes, to modeling this system is presented to predict the temperature distribution with reasonable accuracy in a steady state rolling tire. This approach has three major analysis modules: deformation, dissipation, and thermal modules. In the dissipation module, an analytic method for the calculation of the heat source in a rolling tire is established using viscoelastic theory. For the verification of the calculated temperature profiles and rolling resistance at different velocities, they are compared with measured ones. Also, discussed are the accuracies of the linear and quadratic finite element models used in the analysis.

Reductionist thinking and animal models in neuropsychiatric research

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Baran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Developmental Genetic ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plasticity

AbstractReductionist thinking in neuroscience is manifest in the widespread use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Broader investigations of diverse behaviors in non-model organisms and longer-term study of the mechanisms of plasticity will yield fundamental insights into the neurobiological, developmental, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the “massively multifactorial system networks” which go awry in mental disorders.

Extraction and identification of fillers and pigments from pyrolyzed rubber and tire samples

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
P. Sadhukhan ◽  
J. B. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Curing Agents

Rubber stocks, specially tires, are composed of natural rubber and synthetic polymers and also of several compounding ingredients, such as carbon black, silica, zinc oxide etc. These are generally mixed and vulcanized with additional curing agents, mainly organic in nature, to achieve certain “designing properties” including wear, traction, rolling resistance and handling of tires. Considerable importance is, therefore, attached both by the manufacturers and their competitors to be able to extract, identify and characterize various types of fillers and pigments. Several analytical procedures have been in use to extract, preferentially, these fillers and pigments and subsequently identify and characterize them under a transmission electron microscope.Rubber stocks and tire sections are subjected to heat under nitrogen atmosphere to 550°C for one hour and then cooled under nitrogen to remove polymers, leaving behind carbon black, silica and zinc oxide and 650°C to eliminate carbon blacks, leaving only silica and zinc oxide.

The dual nature of obesity in metabolic programming: quantity versus quality of adipose tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (18) ◽  
pp. 2447-2451
Author(s):  
Anissa Viveiros ◽  
Gavin Y. Oudit
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Programming ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Adipose Tissue Volume ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Abstract The global prevalence of obesity has been rising at an alarming rate, accompanied by an increase in both childhood and maternal obesity. The concept of metabolic programming is highly topical, and in this context, describes a predisposition of offspring of obese mothers to the development of obesity independent of environmental factors. Research published in this issue of Clinical Science conducted by Litzenburger and colleagues (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2020) 134, 921–939) have identified sex-dependent differences in metabolic programming and identify putative signaling pathways involved in the differential phenotype of adipose tissue between males and females. Delineating the distinction between metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity is a topic of emerging interest, and the precise nature of adipocytes are key to pathogenesis, independent of adipose tissue volume.

Shared Responsibilities for Full Participation in Society: Planning Further Integration of the ICF Into AAC

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Blake Huer ◽  
Travis T. Threats
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Community Support ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Social Service Agencies ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Full Participation

The World Health Organization's (WHO's) 2001 International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) has as one of its central tenets the full inclusion of persons with disabilities in society. It acknowledges the need for medical and rehabilitation intervention in its biopscychosocial framework. However, the WHO realizes that society must do its part to facilitate this full participation and empowerment. Persons with complex communication needs (PWCCN) often need augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) in order to express themselves. However, in order to access and successfully use AAC, PWCCN need access to the necessary AAC devices and services, as well as a willing society to interact with them as full contributing members of society. The factors outside of a person's specific physical and/or cognitive functional limitations are addressed in the ICF via the Personal and Environmental Factors. Personal Factors include the individual's personality traits, lifestyle, experiences, social/educational/professional background, race, gender, and age. Environmental Factors include community support systems, social service agencies, governments, social networks, and those persons that interact with the PWCCN. This article addresses the sociopolitical influences on PWCCN and their functioning from a human rights perspective. The necessary introspective role of speech-language pathologists in this process is explored.

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