Analysis of Temperature Distribution in a Rolling Tire Due to Strain Energy Dissipation

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Park ◽  
S-K. Youn ◽  
T. S. Song ◽  
N-J. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Thermomechanical Behavior ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Sequential Approach ◽  
Internal Dissipation ◽  
Steady State Rolling ◽  
Viscoelastic Theory

Abstract This paper addresses a systematic procedure using a sequential approach for the analysis of the coupled thermomechanical behavior of a steady state rolling tire. Not only knowledge of mechanical stresses but also knowledge of the temperature loading in a rolling tire are very important because material damage and material properties are affected significantly by the temperature. In general, the thermomechanical behavior of a pneumatic tire is a highly complex transient phenomenon that requires the solution of a dynamic nonlinear coupled thermoviscoelasticity problem with heat sources resulting from internal dissipation and friction. In this paper, a sequential approach, with effective calculation schemes, to modeling this system is presented to predict the temperature distribution with reasonable accuracy in a steady state rolling tire. This approach has three major analysis modules: deformation, dissipation, and thermal modules. In the dissipation module, an analytic method for the calculation of the heat source in a rolling tire is established using viscoelastic theory. For the verification of the calculated temperature profiles and rolling resistance at different velocities, they are compared with measured ones. Also, discussed are the accuracies of the linear and quadratic finite element models used in the analysis.

scholarly journals Analytical study of the temperature distribution in solids subjected to nonuniform moving heat sources

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hamraoui ◽  
Mounir Chbiki ◽  
Najib Laraqi ◽  
Luis Roseiro
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Relative Velocity ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
Made In

We propose in this paper an analytical study of the temperature distribution in a solid subjected to moving heat sources. The power dissipated by the heat sources is considered nonuniform. The study was made in steady state. The model is three-dimensional. It is valid regardless of the relative velocity of the source. We have considered three cases of semi-elliptic distribution of the power with: (i) the maximum at the center of the source, (ii) the maximum at the inlet of the source, (iii) the maximum at the output of the source. These configurations simulate the conformity imperfection of contact due to wear and / or the non-uniformity of contact pressure in frictional devices. We compare the temperature change for these different scenarios and for different relative velocities, considering the same total power dissipation. The reference case is that of a uniform source dissipating the same power.

Finite Element Based Analysis of Reinforcing Cords in Rolling Tires: Influence of Mechanical and Thermal Cord Properties on Tire Response

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Behnke ◽  
Michael Kaliske
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Vertical Stiffness ◽  
Steady State Rolling

ABSTRACT Tires of passenger cars and other special tires are made of rubber compounds and reinforcing cords of different type to form a composite with distinct mechanical and thermal properties. One of the major load cases is the steady state rolling operation during the tire's service. In this contribution, attention is paid to the strain and force state as well as the temperature distribution in the carcass cord layer of a steady state rolling tire. A simple benchmark tire geometry is considered, which is made of one rubber compound, one carcass cord layer (textile), and two belt cord layers (steel). From the given geometry, two tire designs are derived by using two distinct types of reinforcing cords (polyester and rayon) for the carcass cord layer. Subsequently, the two tire designs are subjected to three load cases with different inner pressure, vertical force, and translational velocity. The strain and the force state as well as the temperature distribution in the cords are computed via a thermomechanically coupled finite element simulation approach for each tire design and load case. To realistically capture the thermomechanical behavior of the cords, a temperature- and deformation-dependent nonlinear elastic cord model is proposed. The cord model parameters can be directly derived from data of cord tensile tests at different temperatures. Finally, cord design parameters (minimum and maximum strains and forces in the cords, maximum strain and force range per cycle, and maximum cord temperature) are summarized and compared. Additionally, the global vertical stiffness and the rolling resistance for each tire design are addressed.

An Analytical Model for the Transient Rolling Resistance Behavior of Tires

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. V. Mars ◽  
J. R. Luchini
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Test Results ◽  
State Test ◽  
Steady State Rolling ◽  
Fuel Economy Standard ◽  
Transient Rolling ◽  
Arbitrary Velocity ◽  
Velocity History

Abstract The rolling resistance of tires has received increased attention as automakers and consumers seek to improve fuel economy. Standard rolling resistance tests are currently performed to characterize steady state rolling resistance. The transient rolling resistance behavior is also of interest, but requires more elaborate and more expensive testing. This paper presents a theory to predict the transient response of rolling resistance to changes in velocity, from empirical data generated at steady state. The current model neglects the effect of changes in inflation pressure. A general relationship is derived for an arbitrary velocity history. The special case for instantaneous velocity histories is investigated. The model is then compared with experimental results. Finally, we use the model to predict transient rolling resistance results for coast down testing, and a simulated urban driving cycle. The model provides a simple and effective way to determine transient tire rolling resistance from steady state test results. This may reduce the need for transient testing in the future.

Thermal-Mechanical Modelling of the Rolling-Plus-Sliding With Frictional Heating of a Locomotive Wheel

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gupta ◽  
G. T. Hahn ◽  
P. C. Bastias ◽  
C. A. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Frictional Heating ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Steady State Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Modelling ◽  
Computing Effort ◽  
Long Time ◽  
D Model ◽  
Locomotive Wheels

This paper examines finite element models for studying the long time frictional heating of locomotive wheels. The aim is to obtain the temperature distribution and the thermal and residual stresses in the wheel, for given conditions of rolling-plus-sliding, with the least computing effort. Initially a rigorous 3-D model is employed. Then this model is reduced to a much simpler but equivalent 2-D axisymmetric model with reasonable assumptions. It is shown, with the help of the 3-D model, that the actual temperature distribution is fluctuating and exhibits a sharp spike during each wheel rotation. For a part of the cycle the temperature is much higher than the steady state temperature calculated from the 2-D model.

A Consistent Implementation of Inelastic Material Models into Steady State Rolling

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario A. Garcia ◽  
Michael Kaliske ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Grama Bhashyam
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Viscoelastic Material ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian ◽  
Ale Formulation ◽  
Inelastic Material ◽  
Material Formulation ◽  
Steady State Rolling ◽  
Efficient Alternative

ABSTRACT Rolling contact is an important aspect in tire design, and reliable numerical simulations are required in order to improve the tire layout, performance, and safety. This includes the consideration of as many significant characteristics of the materials as possible. An example is found in the nonlinear and inelastic properties of the rubber compounds. For numerical simulations of tires, steady state rolling is an efficient alternative to standard transient analyses, and this work makes use of an Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) formulation for the computation of the inertia contribution. Since the reference configuration is neither attached to the material nor fixed in space, handling history variables of inelastic materials becomes a complex task. A standard viscoelastic material approach is implemented. In the inelastic steady state rolling case, one location in the cross-section depends on all material locations on its circumferential ring. A consistent linearization is formulated taking into account the contribution of all finite elements connected in the hoop direction. As an outcome of this approach, the number of nonzero values in the general stiffness matrix increases, producing a more populated matrix that has to be solved. This implementation is done in the commercial finite element code ANSYS. Numerical results confirm the reliability and capabilities of the linearization for the steady state viscoelastic material formulation. A discussion on the results obtained, important remarks, and an outlook on further research conclude this work.

Fidelity of J1269 and J24523

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Popio ◽  
John R. Luchini
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reference Condition ◽  
Test Standards

Abstract This study compares data from the two Society of Automotive Engineers test methods for rolling resistance: J-2452 (Stepwise Coast-Down) and J-1269 (Equilibrium) steady state. The ability of the two methods to evaluate tires was examined by collecting data for 12 tires. The data were analyzed and the data showed that the two methods ranked the tires the same after the data were regressed and the rolling resistance magnitude was calculated at the Standard Reference Condition. In addition, analysis of the two methods using this matched set of testing provided an opportunity to evaluate each of these test standards against the other. It was observed that each test has merits absent from the other.

Prediction of Tire Tread Wear with FEM Steady State Rolling Contact Simulation

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Vehicle Acceleration ◽  
Steady State Rolling ◽  
Driving Conditions ◽  
Rate Profile

Abstract A procedure based on steady state rolling contact Finite Element Analysis (FEM) has been developed to predict tire cross section tread wear profile under specified vehicle driving conditions. This procedure not only considers the tire construction effects, it also includes the effects of materials, vehicle setup, test course, and driver's driving style. In this algorithm, the vehicle driving conditions are represented by the vehicle acceleration histogram. Vehicle dynamic simulations are done to transform the acceleration histogram into tire loading condition distributions for each tire position. Tire weight loss rates for different vehicle accelerations are generated based on a steady state rolling contact simulation algorithm. Combining the weight loss rate and the vehicle acceleration histogram, nine typical tire loading conditions are chosen with different weight factors to represent tire usage conditions. It is discovered that the tire tread wear rate profile is changing continuously as the tire is worn. Simulation of a new tire alone cannot be used to predict the tire cross-section tread wear profile. For this reason, an incremental tread wear simulation procedure is performed to predict the tire cross section tread wear profile. Compared with actual tire cross-section tread wear profiles, good results are obtained from the simulations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document