Hybrid III Response in a SAE Baja Vehicle under Frontal Impacts

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kin Yuen ◽  
Christopher Thom ◽  
Duane Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Impacts ◽  
Hybrid Iii

Baseball Head Impacts to the Non-Helmeted and Helmeted Hydrid III ATD

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas H. Yang ◽  
Kathleen Allen Rodowicz ◽  
David Dainty
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Lateral Impact ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Ball Impact ◽  
Exit Velocity ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Frontal Impacts ◽  
High Velocity Impacts ◽  
Hybrid Iii

Traumatic brain injury may occur in baseball due to a head impact with a thrown, pitched, or batted ball. It has been shown that the average pitching speed of youth pitchers and high school pitchers is approximately 63 mph (28 m/s) and 74 mph (33 m/s), respectively. At pitching speeds of approximately 52 mph (23 m/s), the bat exit velocity (BEV) for metal bats has been shown to be approximately 100 mph (45 m/s). Head kinematics, such as linear and angular head accelerations, are often used to establish head injury risk for head impacts. With a possible ball impact velocity reaching speeds in excess of those typically tested for baseball headgear, it is necessary to understand how the head will respond to high velocity impacts in both helmeted and non-helmeted situations. In this study, head impacts were delivered to the front and side of a Hybrid III 50th percentile male anthropomorphic test device (ATD) by a baseball traveling at speeds of 60 mph (27 m/s), 75 mph (34 m/s), and 100 mph (45 m/s). Head impacts were performed on the non-helmeted ATD head and with the ATD wearing a standard batting helmet certified in accordance with the NOCSAE standard. The Hybrid III headform was instrumented with a nine accelerometer array to measure linear accelerations of the head and determine angular accelerations. Peak resultant linear head accelerations for the non-helmeted ATD were approximately 200–400 g for frontal impacts and approximately 220–480 g for lateral impacts. Peak resultant angular head accelerations for the non-helmeted condition were approximately 17,000–32,000 rad/s2 for frontal impacts and approximately 30,000–60,000 rad/s2 for lateral impacts. For the helmeted ATD, peak resultant linear accelerations of the head were approximately 70–300 g for frontal impacts and approximately 80–360 g for lateral impacts. Peak resultant angular head accelerations for the helmeted ATD were approximately 5,000–14,000 rad/s2 for frontal impacts and approximately 7,500–30,000 rad/s2 for lateral impacts. HIC values for the non-helmeted ATD were approximately 193–1,025 for frontal impacts and approximately 241–1,588 for lateral impacts. SI values for the non-helmeted ATD were approximately 235–1,267 for frontal impacts and approximately 285–1,844 for lateral impacts. HIC values for the helmeted ATD were approximately 16–415 for frontal impacts and approximately 23–585 for lateral impacts. SI values for the helmeted ATD were approximately 25–521 for frontal impacts and approximately 32–708 for lateral impacts. In comparison to the non-helmeted condition, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of a batting helmet in mitigating head accelerations for the frontal and lateral impact conditions tested.

Low-Speed Go-Kart Crash Tests and a Comparison to Activities of Daily Living

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Kloppenborg ◽  
Tara Amenson ◽  
Jacob Wernik ◽  
John Wiechel
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Stationary Target ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Frontal Impacts ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Oblique Impacts ◽  
Acceleration Force

Go-karts are a common amusement park feature enjoyed by people of all ages. While intended for racing, contact between go-karts does occur. To investigate and quantify the accelerations and forces which result from contact, 44 low-speed impacts were conducted between a stationary (target) and a moving (bullet) go-kart. The occupant of the bullet go-kart was one of two human volunteers. The occupant of the target go-kart was a Hybrid III 50th percentile male anthropomorphic test device (ATD). Impact configurations consisted of rear-end impacts, frontal impacts, side impacts, and oblique impacts. Results demonstrated high repeatability for the vehicle performance and occupant response. Go-kart accelerations and speed changes increased with increased impact speed. Impact duration and restitution generally decreased with increased impact speed. All ATD acceleration, force, and moment values increased with increased impact speed. Common injury metrics such as the head injury criterion (HIC), Nij, and Nkm were calculated and were found to be below injury thresholds. Occupant response was also compared to published activities of daily living data.

Vehicle and Occupant Response in Low-Speed Go-Kart Crash Tests

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Kloppenborg ◽  
Tara Amenson ◽  
Jacob Wernik ◽  
John Wiechel
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Stationary Target ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Frontal Impacts ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Oblique Impacts ◽  
Acceleration Force ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
Velocity Changes

Go-karts are a common amusement park feature enjoyed by people of all ages. While intended for racing, contact between go-karts does occur. To investigate and quantify the accelerations and forces which result from contact, 44 low-speed impacts were conducted between a stationary (target) and a moving (bullet) go-kart. The occupant of the bullet go-kart was one of two human volunteers. The occupant of the target go-kart was a Hybrid III 50th percentile male anthropomorphic test device (ATD). Impact configurations consisted of rear-end impacts, frontal impacts, side impacts, and oblique impacts. Results demonstrated high repeatability for the vehicle performance and occupant response. Go-kart accelerations and velocity changes increased with increased impact speed. Impact duration and restitution generally decreased with increased impact speed. All ATD acceleration, force, and moment values increased with increased impact speed. Common injury metrics such as the Head Injury Criterion (HIC), Nij, and Nkm were calculated and were found to be fairly low. These results indicate that the potential for serious injury is low during low-speed go-kart impacts.

Influence of Hybrid III Head and Neck Position to Frontal Impacts

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (5S) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Mark Jesunathadas ◽  
Trenton E. Gould ◽  
Scott G. Piland
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Position ◽  
Frontal Impacts ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Head And Neck Position

An Investigation of Hybrid III and Living Human Drop Tests

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Friedman ◽  
Fiona Gaston ◽  
Jack Bish ◽  
Donald Friedman ◽  
Anthony Sances, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Drop Tests

Time and temperature sensitivity of the hybrid III lumbar spine

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Allison L. Schmidt ◽  
Maria A. Ortiz-Paparoni ◽  
Jay K. Shridharani ◽  
Roger W. Nightingale ◽  
Frank A. Pintar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Hybrid Iii

Repeatability and Biofidelity of a Physical Surrogate Neck Model Fit to a Hybrid III Head

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha MacGillivray ◽  
Gabriella Wynn ◽  
Megan Ogle ◽  
Julia Shore ◽  
Jason P. Carey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Fit ◽  
Hybrid Iii

scholarly journals In-Plane Monolithic Integration of Scaled III-V Photonic Devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1887
Author(s):  
Markus Scherrer ◽  
Noelia Vico Triviño ◽  
Svenja Mauthe ◽  
Preksha Tiwari ◽  
Heinz Schmid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Photonic Devices ◽  
Monolithic Integration ◽  
Light Emitters ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Large Lattice ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Gain Material

It is a long-standing goal to leverage silicon photonics through the combination of a low-cost advanced silicon platform with III-V-based active gain material. The monolithic integration of the III-V material is ultimately desirable for scalable integrated circuits but inherently challenging due to the large lattice and thermal mismatch with Si. Here, we briefly review different approaches to monolithic III-V integration while focusing on discussing the results achieved using an integration technique called template-assisted selective epitaxy (TASE), which provides some unique opportunities compared to existing state-of-the-art approaches. This method relies on the selective replacement of a prepatterned silicon structure with III-V material and thereby achieves the self-aligned in-plane monolithic integration of III-Vs on silicon. In our group, we have realized several embodiments of TASE for different applications; here, we will focus specifically on in-plane integrated photonic structures due to the ease with which these can be coupled to SOI waveguides and the inherent in-plane doping orientation, which is beneficial to waveguide-coupled architectures. In particular, we will discuss light emitters based on hybrid III-V/Si photonic crystal structures and high-speed InGaAs detectors, both covering the entire telecom wavelength spectral range. This opens a new path towards the realization of fully integrated, densely packed, and scalable photonic integrated circuits.

scholarly journals Factors associated with chest injuries to front seat occupants in frontal impacts

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (sup2) ◽  
pp. S37-S42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthikeyan Ekambaram ◽  
Richard Frampton ◽  
James Lenard
Keyword(s):  
Front Seat ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Frontal Impacts ◽  
Chest Injuries

Hybrid III-V/SiGe solar cells on Si substrates and porous Si substrates

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Cano ◽  
Manuel Hinojosa ◽  
Luis Cifuentes ◽  
Huy Nguyen ◽  
Aled Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Porous Si ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Hybrid Iii
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