Electromagnetic Field Measurements near Macrocellular Base Stations

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABDULAZIZ AL-RUWAIS
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Base Stations

Instrumental assessment of mobile communication base station electromagnetic field exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 853-856
Author(s):  
Sergey Yu. Perov ◽  
Olga V. Belaya
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Reference Signal ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Frequency Channel ◽  
Theoretical Maximum ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Frequency Selective

Introduction. Monitoring and ensuring safe operating conditions of modern base stations for occupational and general public exposure is relevant with the use of methods for measuring electromagnetic fields, which allow to assess the contribution of different sources to the overall level of the electromagnetic background, taking into account the dynamic features of base stations and the spectral electromagnetic characteristics. The aim of study is the levels of electromagnetic fields assessment from modern base stations using broadband and selective measurement methods, as well as the possibility of predicting the worst exposure conditions. Materials and methods. The levels of electromagnetic fields from base stations according to the LTE2600 standard were evaluated at the maximum transmission traffic (laboratory mearements) and at real variable traffic (field measurements). For broadband measurements, the power density (PD) was estimated, for selective measurements, the PD level in the LTE frequency channel (frequency-selective measurements) and the PD level of the reference signal (code-selective measurements) were evaluated. The theoretical maximum PD level was calculated from the maximum value of the reference signal. Results. When simulating the maximum intensity of data traffic, the PD level in the LTE channel was 94.51-101.39% of the calculated maximum value. According to field measurements, the values of electromagnetic field levels obtained from frequency-selective measurements in the LTE frequency channel were less than the corresponding values estimated from the results of broadband measurements, and were no more than 25% of the theoretical maximum. Conclusions. The use of selective approach and measurement methods made it possible to estimate the maximum possible contribution of a single source to the overall level of the electromagnetic background and to predict the worst conditions for human exposure.

Exposure to the electromagnetic field in the work space during the use of transmitting devices of radiocommunication systems. The method of in situ measurements of the electromagnetic field – specific requirements

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2(92)) ◽  
pp. 89-131
Author(s):  
PAWEŁ BIEŃKOWSKI ◽  
HALINA ANIOŁCZYK ◽  
JOLANTA KARPOWICZ ◽  
JAROSŁAW KIELISZEK
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Work Space ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Em Field

Labour law sets out the obligation to identify and evaluate electromagnetic hazards in the vicinity of radiocommunication equipment and installations emitting an electromagnetic field (EM-field). Following the regulation of the Ministry of Labour, which established provisions regarding health and safety regarding the EM-field, the "broadcasting tele- and radiocommunication systems” and “mobile phone base stations” have been mentioned among the typical sources of an EM-field (Regulation...., OJ 2016 item 950, amended by item 2284, Annex 1, items 4 and 5). Radiocommunication devices also include “mobile and cordless phones and wireless short distance devices (Regulation...., OJ 2016 item 950, amended by item 2284, Annex 1, item 3), which are devices in common use that do not require a radiocommunication permit, and so are not the subject of this article. Today, radiocommunication devices and systems are among the most common sources of the EM- -field, and while emissions the EM-field of protective zones exists in the vicinity of antennas and some other elements of such systems. The radiocommunication systems are usually operation-free, though they require adjusting and maintenance so workspaces may be identified in their vicinity. The conditions of the workers’ exposure to the EM-field while using radiocommunication systems must undergo periodic inspections made according to the recommended and validated methods, in order to identify electromagnetic hazards and to take appropriate protective measures (Regulation..., Journal of Laws 2011, item 166; Regulation..., OJ 2016 item 950, amended by item 2284). The methods of measuring the EM- -field to the extent necessary to meet these requirements are currently not standardised. Therefore, the aim of the work presented in this article was to develop a recommended method for measuring the parameters of the EM-field in situ in the workspace, while using radiocommunication devices. The recommended measurement method is based on a detailed investigation of the characteristics of exposure to the EM-field surrounding typical radiocommunication devices and systems operated in Poland in the vicinity of systems of antennas and transmitters of mobile phone base stations, broadcasting transmitters of radio and low power television and radio-television broadcasting centres. The work is based on the own results of measurements, as well as published literature and reports from inspection measurements of the EM-field. Based on the results of the study, it was shown that, besides the antennas, which create primary sources of EM-field (in some cases also transmitters and elements of the antenna feeder), in the workspace in their vicinity there are also secondary sources of EM-field: metal structures (ladders, handrails, fences, antennas supports, pipes and groundings) and receiving or inactivated transmitting antennas exposed to the EM-field from active transmitting antennas. In the article, the worked out method is shown for measuring the EM-field in the work space in the vicinity of stationary transmitting radio-communication devices and systems, requiring a radiocommunication permit. The most important sources of uncertainty concerning EM-field measurements near these devices were also discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluación de niveles de exposición electromagnética causados por las estaciones base de Telefonía Móvil Celular [Assessment for electromagnetic exposure level caused by cellular mobile transmitting antennas in base station]

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walder de Jesús Canova García
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Mobile Base Station ◽  
Cellular Mobile ◽  
Mobile Base

Resumen El creciente número de estaciones base de telefonía móvil celular alrededor de sectores residenciales o tránsito de personas, causa preocupación en la comunidad sobre si la radiación de campos electromagnéticos puedan causar riesgos en la salud. Internacionalmente existen estándares que establecen límites a las diversas fuentes de campos electromagnéticos para garantizar que se minimizan los riesgos en la salud. Cada país adopta dentro de su legislación algún estándar o recomendación y exige su cumplimiento a los operadores de estaciones de telecomunicaciones, por ejemplo en Colombia rige el decreto 195 de 2005. El artículo presenta una evaluación, basados en mediciones técnicas en el 2010, para obtener los niveles de exposición a campos electromagnéticos generados por las antenas instaladas en las estaciones base de telefonía móvil. Luego aparece el procedimiento general de mediciones, donde incluye el plan ejecutorial de mediciones, la configuración de la instrumentación y la caracterización de los lugares y puntos de medición. Por último, los resultados medidos en algunos lugares, donde las antenas de transmisión cumplían con la normativa adoptada en Colombia. Palabras Clave: Exposición a campos Electromagnéticos, Estaciones base de Telefonía móvil celular, Mediciones de banda angosta.   Abstract The growth of installations of transmitting antennas on base stations surrounding residential spaces or person traffic causes concerns in the community, about whether the radiation of electromagnetic fields of transmitting antennas in mobile base station can generate health risk. Over the world, there are standards that establish maximum levels permitted to different electromagnetic field sources to accomplish security ranges for health risks. Each country adopts in their legislation some international standard and requires to telecommunication operators stations for its compliance. In Colombian, the decree 195 of 2005 is still valid. This article shows an assessment, based on technical measurements developed in 2010, to acquire the electromagnetic field exposure levels generated by transmitting antennas installed on Mobile Base Station. This assessment includes the measurement system procedure: plan of measurement, instrumental configuration, and characterization of measurement places. Finally, here presents the measured results in some places, which exposure levels satisfied the adopted legislation in Colombia. Keywords: Electromagnetic Field Exposure, Mobile Base Stations, Narrowband Measurement.

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