Evaluation of determinate and indeterminate pinto bean cultivars under an available soil moisture gradient

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Nleya ◽  
A. E. Slinkard ◽  
A. Vandenberg
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Moisture Gradient ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Pinto Bean ◽  
Soil Moisture Gradient ◽  
Available Soil Moisture

Determinate dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars are preferred under irrigation in western Canada. Expansion of dry bean production into dryland areas in western Canada requires re-evaluation of the best growth habit. The objective of this study was to compare determinate and indeterminate pinto bean cultivars for seed yield and other agronomic traits under a soil moisture gradient. Six pinto bean cultivars, three determinate and three indeterminate, were grown under an available soil moisture gradient in Saskatoon SK, Canada at one environment in 1993 and at two environments in 1994. An increase in available soil moisture, induced by growing rows of pinto bean plants at increasing distances from a spring-seeded winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) strip, increased number of pods per plant, plant height, seed weight, seed yield and seed nitrogen concentration for both determinate and indeterminate cultivars of pinto bean. Indeterminate cultivars, however, were taller and higher yielding than determinate cultivars at every level of soil moisture under these dryland conditions. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, dry bean, pinto bean, soil moisture, drought stress

Differential performance of pinto bean under varying levels of soil moisture

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Nleya ◽  
A. E. Slinkard ◽  
A. Vandenberg
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Pinto Bean ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Bean Genotype ◽  
New Crop

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a relatively new crop in western Canada. Considerable effort is currently underway in Saskatchewan to expand bean production under both irrigated and rainfed conditions. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of pinto bean genotypes under irrigation in the field and to determine the presence of phenological plasticity among specific pinto bean genotypes when subjected to intermittent drought stress. Six bean genotypes, three determinate and three indeterminate, were grown under irrigated conditions in the field in Saskatoon, SK, in 1994 and 1995. The same genotypes were grown under well-watered and drought stress conditions in the growth room. In the field, indeterminate genotypes were superior in seed yield. The indeterminate genotypes were also superior in seed yield in the growth room under well-watered conditions. Two indeterminate genotypes and one late-maturing determinate genotype performed well when drought stress was intermittent, but yielded the same or less than the early-maturing determinate types when drought stress was severe. The indeterminate genotypes and one late-maturing determinate genotype showed stronger recuperative growth than early-maturing determinate genotypes when released from drought stress. Recuperative growth resulted in delayed maturity relative to growth under optimum soil moisture levels, but it had little effect on other characteristics. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, common bean, pinto bean, genotype, drought stress

Evaluation of locations for testing dry bean cultivars in western Canada using statistical procedures, biological interpretation and multiple traits

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 985-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Saindon ◽  
G. B. Schaalje
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Biological Interpretation ◽  
Environmental Events ◽  
High Level

Genotype × environment (GE) effects in regional registration trials for dry beans in western Canada were studied to determine whether geographic distribution of sites could be rationalized. The structure of the GE effects on the maturity, seed weight and seed yield of seven dry bean check cultivars grown at eight locations during 4 yr was investigated using GE mean squares decomposition, cluster analysis and the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) method. The analyses revealed a high level of redundancy in the locations which suggested that most GE effects can be captured with fewer testing sites. The partition of the GE mean squares demonstrated the possibility of reproducing the GE structure of the entire data sets with as few as three sites; however, more locations may be needed to compensate for unpredictable environmental effects. Based on biological interpretation of groupings and visual assessment of the AMMI displays, a five-location set fully represented the GE effects on maturity, seed weight and seed yield and accounted for the inconsistent clustering of the Brooks site for the three traits. Also, the set should allow for site losses due to unpredictable environmental events. The dry bean industry in western Canada is expanding to non-traditional growing areas and the establishment of trials in these areas should be considered as they may create GE effects not considered to date. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris L., genotype × environment interactions, cluster analysis, AMMI analysis

EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION ON YIELD, RELATIVE LEAF WATER CONTENT, LEAF PROLINE ACCUMULATION AND CHLOROPHYLL STABILITY INDEX OF COTTON–MAIZE CROPPING SEQUENCE

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. SAMPATHKUMAR ◽  
B. J. PANDIAN ◽  
P. JEYAKUMAR ◽  
P. MANICKASUNDARAM
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Moisture Gradient ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Stability Index ◽  
Soil Moisture Gradient

SUMMARYWater stress induces some physiological changes in plants and has cumulative effects on crop growth and yield. Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of deficit irrigation (DI) on yield and some physiological parameters in cotton and maize in a sequential cropping system. Creation of soil moisture gradient is indispensable to explore the beneficial effects of partial root zone drying (PRD) irrigation and it could be possible only through alternate deficit irrigation (ADI) practice in paired row system of drip layout that is commonly practiced in India. In the present study, PRD and DI concepts (creation of soil moisture gradient) were implemented through ADI at two levels of irrigation using drip system. Maize was sown after cotton under no till condition without disturbing the raised bed and drip layout. Relative leaf water content (RLWC) and chlorophyll stability index (CSI) of cotton and maize were reduced under water stress. A higher level of leaf proline content was observed under severe water-stressed treatments in cotton and maize. RLWC and CSI were highest and leaf proline content was lowest in mild water deficit (ADI at 100% crop evapotranspiration once in three days) irrigation in cotton and maize. The same treatments registered higher values for crop yields, net income and benefit cost ratio for both the crops.

scholarly journals Vegetation of the Witbank Nature Reserve and its importance for conservation of threatened Rocky Highveld Grassland

Koedoe ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Smit ◽  
G.J. Bredenkamp ◽  
N. Van Rooyen ◽  
A.E. Van Wyk ◽  
J.M. Combrinck
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Moisture Gradient ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Soil Moisture Gradient ◽  
Great Escarpment

A vegetation survey of the Witbank Nature Reserve, comprising 847 hectares, was conducted. Phytosociological data were used to identify plant communities, as well as to determine alpha and beta diversities. Eleven plant communities were recognised, two of these are subdivided into sub- communities, resulting in 14 vegetation units. These communities represent four main vegetation types, namely grassland, woodland, wetland and disturbed vegetation. Grassland communities have the highest plant diversity and wetland vegetation the lowest. Floristic composition indicates that the vegetation of the Rocky Highveld Grassland has affinities to the grassland and savanna biomes and also to the Afromontane vegetation of the Great Escarpment. An ordination scatter diagram shows the distribution of the 14 plant communities or sub-communities along a soil moisture gradient, as well as along a soil depth/surface rock gradient. The sequence of communities along the soil moisture gradient is used for calculating beta-diversity indices. It is concluded that the relatively small size of the Witbank Nature Reserve is unlikely to have significant negative effects on the phytodiversity of the various plant communities. This nature reserve is therefore of considerable importance in conserving a representative sample of the Rocky Highveld Grassland.

Effect of soil moisture gradient on structure of broad-leaved/Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Yan ◽  
Wang Qing-li ◽  
Dai Li-min ◽  
Wang Miao ◽  
Zhou Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Gradient ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Changbai Mountain ◽  
Korean Pine ◽  
Soil Moisture Gradient ◽  
Korean Pine Forest

Asymmetric Responses of Paspalum Species to a Soil Moisture Gradient

Crop Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1473-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald M. Henry ◽  
Fred H. Yelverton ◽  
Michael G. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Gradient ◽  
Soil Moisture Gradient ◽  
Asymmetric Responses
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