Screening methodology for post-harvest fungal resistance in alfalfa

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-488
Author(s):  
K. M. Wittenberg ◽  
S. R. Smith ◽  
F. Katepa-Mupondwa ◽  
J. F. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Screening Procedure ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
And Storage

Forage deterioration due to field and storage fungi represents a major economic loss for hay producers. A series of experiments was conducted to develop a methodology for screening alfalfa plants for resistance to post-harvest fungal colonization. Pure cultures of Aspergillus glaucus, Aspergillus repens, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus versicolor and Aspergillus fumigatus, isolated from alfalfa forage sampled during field wilting and storage, were established and maintained to produce a 105 spore mL−1 suspension containing an equal proportion of spores from each Aspergillus spp. Alfalfa leaves were dipped in concentrations of propionic acid solution to simulate levels of resistance to fungal activity. Fully-developed trifoliate leaves were placed adaxial side down onto petri plates containing a dichloran (2 mg mL−1) and glycerol (18% vol/vol) agar. The Aspergillus spp. spore suspension was sprayed onto each petri plate and the plates were incubated under dark conditions at 25 °C and 70% relative humidity. Plates were monitored daily for percent of leaf area colonized. The random screening of a small population of cloned alfalfa genotypes using this screening procedure indicated that variation in post-harvest resistance to fungal attack does exist for greenhouse and field-grown plants harvested at an early vegetative stage. Leaf dry matter was not related to genotype variation in post-harvest susceptibility to fungal colonization; however, leaf soluble carbohydrate level was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with leaf area colonized. The screening procedure did not detect consistent differences among genotypes when dried leaves were used. Key words: Alfalfa, genotype, post-harvest fungi, Aspergillus spp., resistance, screening

Alfalfa resistance to post-harvest Aspergillus species: Response to selection

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-763
Author(s):  
C. A. Kimbeng ◽  
S. R. Smith Jr. ◽  
V. Babij ◽  
K. M. Wittenberg
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Selection For

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivar development programs routinely incorporate resistance to fungal diseases that limit forage yield, quality and stand longevity. "Hay molding", caused by saprophytic fungi, reduces forage quality during the post-harvest period, but genetic resistance has not been reported. The objective was to determine the response to selection for post-harvest fungal resistance in alfalfa. Initially, 1144 genotypes from 22 alfalfa cultivars were screened for post-harvest fungal resistance with a combination of Aspergillus species. Forty resistant and 40 susceptible genotypes were selected by measuring percentage of leaf area with fungal coverage. The selected genotypes and their maternally derived half-sib families were screened for resistance to Aspergillus repens. Mean leaf area with fungal coverage was significantly (P < 0.05) lower for resistant than susceptible parental genotypes and maternal half-sib families. Percent leaf area with fungal coverage ranged from 13.2 to 70.5% (mean, 41.7 ± 1.7) among resistant and 28.2 – 83.4% (mean, 50.2 ± 1.7) among susceptible parental genotypes. Among the maternal half-sib families, resistant families ranged from 14.0 to 51.3% (mean, 32.1 ± 1.8) and susceptible families from 18.8 to 60.1% (mean, 40.3 ± 1.9). These results show a positive response to selection for post-harvest fungal resistance in alfalfa. Key words: Alfalfa, Medicago sativa, post-harvest fungi, Aspergillus species, breeding, divergent selection

scholarly journals An economic analysis of post harvest losses in tomato of Akola district in Vidharbha region

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-151
Author(s):  
V. K. Khobarkar ◽  
U. T. Dangore ◽  
R. D. Vaidkar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Expected Returns ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Output Ratio ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage

Outputs of all agricultural commodities produced in the field have to undergo a series of operations such as threshing, transportation, processing and storage and exchange before they reach the consumer and there are appreciable losses of outputs during these stages of their handling. This is most uncertain to get expected returns. Moreover, vegetables are more perishable then food grains. Hence, post-harvest losses are quite often, at different marketing levels than food grains. The presence study was undertaken to find out the post-harvest losses of selected vegetable in Akola district for the year 2017-18. The data of 90 tomato growers were purposely collected from randomly located villages of the district. Simple tabular analysis was carried out to accomplished the objectives. This study revealed that per hectare cost of cultivation of tomato was Rs.101804.29 whereas per hectare the net return was Rs.73253.37 The input output ratio at Cost C2 in production of tomato is 1.72. The per hectare post-harvest losses at the farm level was estimated to be 16.49 quintal in tomato. The corresponding economic loss was 16645.20 Rs./ha. It is suggested that to prevent from the losses the farmers should be aware through training on standardization and grading, handling, proper packing and providing storage facilities and quick transportation to prevent the economic losses.

scholarly journals Studies on Post-Harvest Ripening and Storage of Banana Fruits. Part IV

1966 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKAO MURATA ◽  
KUNIYASU OGATA
Keyword(s):  
Post Harvest ◽  
And Storage

Post-Harvest Handling and Storage

Strawberries ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 411-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.V.C. Mahajan ◽  
Alemwati Pongener
Keyword(s):  
Post Harvest ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals Isolatation and Identification of the Fungi Causing Tomato Fruit Rot Disease in the Vicinity of Tandojam, Sindh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nizamani ◽  
A. A. Khaskheli ◽  
A. M. Jiskani ◽  
S. A. Khaskheli ◽  
A. J. Khaskheli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Rot Disease

Background: The post-harvest tomato fruit rot disease is common threat to the tomato fruit, causing huge economic loss as revealed by (GOP, 2018). The present study was conducted for isolatation and identification of causative agent of tomato fruit rot in order to formulate the proper management stretegies. Methods: Study was conducted in three phases. Phase one included collection of tomato fruit samples from vicinity of Tandojam. In phase two pathogens were isolated from the samples at laboratory, while in the phase three pathogens were identified using standard procedures. Result: The experimental results indicated Alternaria solani as the main cause of post-harvest tomato fruit rot. The symptoms observed were presence of brown to black rot lesions on tomato fruits with distinct rings ranging from small pin-heads to whole surface of fruit. A total of six different fungi viz., Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Alternaria solani, Geotrichum candidum, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizopus stolonifer were found to be associated with post harvest tomato rot. Significantly higher infection was recorded for A. solani (53.667%) followed by A. niger (16.333%) and G. candidum (13.00%). The lowest infection percentage was observed for F. oxysporum (2.333%), followed by A. alternata (4.00%) and R. stolonifer (9.00%). A. solani produced aerial mycelium with yellowish to reddish diffusible pigments. A. niger cultures were typically black and colonies were initially whitish to yellow and later became brown to black in colour. G. candidum produced white and nonaerial colonies. F. oxysporum produced circular, aerial mycelium initially white, later changed to light pink. R. stolonifer produced whitish to grey fuzzy colonies.

scholarly journals Management of Postharvest Diseases of Vegetables in a Tropical and Sub-tropical Environment of the Kingdom of Eswatini

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Diana M. Earnshaw ◽  
Michael T. Masarirambi ◽  
Bonginkhosi E. Dlamini ◽  
Kwanele A. Nxumalo
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Side Dish ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogenic ◽  
And Storage

Vegetables are important in human diets as a side dish eaten either cooked or raw as in salads. They are important for their nutritional contribution as major sources of minerals, vitamins, nine essential amino acids, beneficial phytochemicals, fibre and interesting colour from an aesthetic point of view. Despite the immerse health benefits offered by vegetables there are challenges encountered in their post-harvest handling and storage up to consumption. Challenges include post-harvest losses due to diseases. Some losses occur even at household level when vegetables are not stored appropriately when stored under the sink where humidity can be high leading to an environment which promotes diseases. Diseases in the post-harvest chain are caused by bacteria and opportunistic pathogenic fungi. Post-harvest losses of vegetables are not only a threat to nutritional security but a threat to food security as well. The aim of this research study was to document major post-harvest diseases of vegetables found in the Kingdom of Eswatini and to suggest appropriate management strategies or ways of alleviating them.

scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICA DAS SEMENTES DE URUCUM (Bixa orellana L.), VISANDO PROCESSOS DE PÓS-COLHEITA

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-600
Author(s):  
Myrella Katlhen Da Cunha de Araujo ◽  
Claudomiro Roberto De Araújo Júnior ◽  
Arlindo Modesto Antunes ◽  
Rodrigo de Jesus Silva ◽  
Magnun Antonio Penariol da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Bixa Orellana ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Volume Porosity ◽  
Construction Operation ◽  
And Storage

CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICA DAS SEMENTES DE URUCUM (Bixa orellana L.), VISANDO PROCESSOS DE PÓS-COLHEITA   MYRELLA KATLHEN DA CUNHA DE ARAUJO1; CLAUDOMIRO ROBERTO DE ARAUJO JÚNIOR2; ARLINDO MODESTO ANTUNES3; RODRIGO DE JESUS SILVA4 E MAGNUN ANTONIO PENARIOL DA SILVA5   1Acadêmica do curso de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia – UFRA, (PA 451, Km 03, Bairro Açaizal, 68680-000, Tomé-Açu, Pará, Brasil) e [email protected]. 2 Acadêmico do curso de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia – UFRA, (PA 451, Km 03, Bairro Açaizal, 68680-000, Tomé-Açu, Pará, Brasil) e [email protected]. 3 Professor Assistente do curso de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia – UFRA, (PA 451, Km 03, Bairro Açaizal, 68680-000, Tomé-Açu, Pará, Brasil) e [email protected]. 4 Professor Adjunto do curso de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia – UFRA, (PA 451, Km 03, Bairro Açaizal, 68680-000, Tomé-Açu, Pará, Brasil) e [email protected]. 5 Professor Adjunto do Campus de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia – UFRA, (PA 451, Km 03, Bairro Açaizal, 68680-000, Tomé-Açu, Pará, Brasil) e [email protected].   RESUMO: O urucum demonstra importância econômica na comercialização dos grãos moídos para produção colorífica e de corantes, no entanto, há poucos estudos sobre suas características físicas em processos pós-colheita. Além disso, o intuito deste trabalho foi comparar o ângulo de repouso das sementes em diferentes protótipos. O estudo foi realizado no laboratório da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Tomé-Açu (PA), para verificar: teor de água, biometria, esfericidade, volume unitário, porosidade e ângulo de repouso. O teor de água utilizou cinco amostras (50 sementes), biometria obteve eixos ortogonais de 100 sementes, e utilizadas 20 sementes para esfericidade e volume unitário. Ainda, obtidas médias em 3 equipamentos de ângulo de repouso, (5 repetições). Como resultado, o teor de água (b.u.) foi baixo, (0 a 10%); a esfericidade variou de 61,45 a 90,66%; volume unitário foi de 0,03 a 0,13 cm3 e as porosidades foram (0,69, 0,77 e 0,78). Os ângulos de repouso nos equipamentos (A- adaptado em relação a B; B- equipamento estabelecido e C- protótipo alternativo) foram, respectivamente: 38,85; 31,92 e 32,14°, não diferindo estatisticamente. Ademais, o estudo buscou trazer informações sobre a espécie e colaborar com trabalhos de construção, operação e adaptação de equipamentos de secagem e armazenamento.   Palavras-chave: esfericidade, porosidade, volume unitário.   PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ANNATTO (Bixa orellana L.) SEEDS, AIMED POST-HARVEST PROCESSES   ABSTRACT: Annatto demonstrates economic importance in the commercialization of ground grains for color and dye production; however, there are few studies on their physical characteristics in post-harvest processes. In addition, the aim of this work was to compare the rest angle of seeds in different prototypes. The study was carried out in the laboratory of Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Tomé-Açu (PA), to verify: water content, biometrics, sphericity, unit volume, porosity and angle of repose. The water content used five samples (50 seeds), biometrics obtained orthogonal axes of 100 seeds, and 20 seeds were used for sphericity and unit volume. Still, averages were obtained in 3 equipment of angle of rest (5 repetitions). As result, the water content (b.u.) was low (0 to 10%); sphericity ranged from 61.45 to 90.66%; unit volume was 0.03 to 0.13 cm3 and porosities were 0.69, 0.77 and 0.78. The rest angles in the equipment (A- adapted in relation to B; B- established equipment and C- alternative prototype) were, respectively: 38.85; 31.92 and 32.14°, not differing statistically. In addition, the study sought to bring information about the species and collaborate with construction, operation and adaptation of drying and storage equipment.   Keywords: sphericity, porosity, unit volume.

scholarly journals The outer quality loss during grain post-harvest treatment and handling

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
P. Kroupa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Quality Loss ◽  
Partial Knowledge ◽  
Counter Flow ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Grain Crushing ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Treatment Objective ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
And Storage

In the paper are presented results of grain outer quality loss investigation during its post-harvest treatment. Objective was to determine the grain damage during its transport by bucket elevators of type &ldquo;SANFON&rdquo; at bucket peripheral velocity 2.0 m/s and 2.8 m/sof capacity 40 t/hand 80 t/h, respectively. The damage was investigated at counter-flow and parallel-flow bucket filling. From the measured results resulted the conclusion, that the bucket elevators tend rather to grain crushing, i.e. fraction creation than to smaller damage. On basis of partial knowledge chain elevators have no significant tendency to fraction generation, but incline considerably to the transported grain total mechanical damage at performance significantly lower than is the nominal one. In that case total mechanical damage ranged from 1.78 to 1.98%. Auger conveyers tend rather to total mechanical damage of transported grain than to the fraction creation. This is caused mainly by the friction between the transported grain and transporting &ldquo;trough&rdquo;. Total mechanical damage is in range from 1.36 to 1.73%. Belt elevators are friendly to transported grain and therefore are evitable for grain horizontal transport in lines for reception, treatment and storage of food grain crops.

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