scholarly journals Isolatation and Identification of the Fungi Causing Tomato Fruit Rot Disease in the Vicinity of Tandojam, Sindh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nizamani ◽  
A. A. Khaskheli ◽  
A. M. Jiskani ◽  
S. A. Khaskheli ◽  
A. J. Khaskheli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Rot Disease

Background: The post-harvest tomato fruit rot disease is common threat to the tomato fruit, causing huge economic loss as revealed by (GOP, 2018). The present study was conducted for isolatation and identification of causative agent of tomato fruit rot in order to formulate the proper management stretegies. Methods: Study was conducted in three phases. Phase one included collection of tomato fruit samples from vicinity of Tandojam. In phase two pathogens were isolated from the samples at laboratory, while in the phase three pathogens were identified using standard procedures. Result: The experimental results indicated Alternaria solani as the main cause of post-harvest tomato fruit rot. The symptoms observed were presence of brown to black rot lesions on tomato fruits with distinct rings ranging from small pin-heads to whole surface of fruit. A total of six different fungi viz., Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Alternaria solani, Geotrichum candidum, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizopus stolonifer were found to be associated with post harvest tomato rot. Significantly higher infection was recorded for A. solani (53.667%) followed by A. niger (16.333%) and G. candidum (13.00%). The lowest infection percentage was observed for F. oxysporum (2.333%), followed by A. alternata (4.00%) and R. stolonifer (9.00%). A. solani produced aerial mycelium with yellowish to reddish diffusible pigments. A. niger cultures were typically black and colonies were initially whitish to yellow and later became brown to black in colour. G. candidum produced white and nonaerial colonies. F. oxysporum produced circular, aerial mycelium initially white, later changed to light pink. R. stolonifer produced whitish to grey fuzzy colonies.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Economics of Management Strategies to Control Anthracnose Fruit Rot in Processing Tomatoes in the Midwest

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 1167-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Byrne ◽  
M. K. Hausbeck ◽  
R. X. Latin
Keyword(s):  
Day Treatment ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Foliar Blight ◽  
Unsprayed Plot ◽  
Processing Tomatoes

Anthracnose (Colletotrichum coccodes) is the major fungal disease affecting processing tomato fruit in the midwestern United States. Currently available disease management strategies evaluated for controlling anthracnose fruit rot (AFR) on processing tomatoes include genetic resistance and the fungicide chlorothalonil applied according to conventional schedules or a disease-forecasting system (Tom-Cast). Experimental field plots were established in West Lafayette, Indiana, and East Lansing, Michigan, in 1993 to 1995. Chlorothalonil was applied every 7, 10, or 14 days or according to Tom-Cast with a threshold of 20 disease severity values, and was not applied to the control. In Michigan, Phytophthora infestans (1993) and C. coccodes (1993 to 1994) caused 91.8% (1993) and 30.7% (1994) fruit rot in the unsprayed plot. In Indiana, C. coccodes caused 69.8% (1993) and 39.0% (1994) AFR in the unsprayed plot. In 1995, Ohio 8245 (Michigan and Indiana), considered to be less prone to anthracnose, and Ohio 7814 were integrated into the conventional and Tom-Cast—prompted spray programs. Cultivar did not affect the incidence of AFR or foliar blight caused by Septoria lycopersici and Alternaria solani in either location. In 1993 and 1994, chlorothalonil applied at 10-day intervals in Indiana resulted in the highest benefit per hectare (BPH) and return per fungicide dollar (RPFD). In 1995, the highest BPH and RPFD resulted from chlorothalonil applied every 14 days to Ohio 8245 (Michigan). Chlorothalonil applied according to the Tom-Cast program resulted in a level of AFR that was generally not statistically different from the 7-day treatment but was high enough to result in crop rejection and high economic loss in 2 of the 3 years the study was conducted. Based on data from this study, it is not commercially feasible to grow processing tomatoes in Michigan and Indiana without chlorothalonil to protect against AFR even when a resistant cultivar is used.

scholarly journals Microbial Deterioration of Tomato Fruit ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) Sold in Three Popular Markets in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T O Agbabiaka
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Candida Guilliermondii ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Bacillus Brevis ◽  
Aeromonas Veronii ◽  
Corynebacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Fruit Samples

The economic loss as a result of spoilage and proliferation of microorganisms on tomato fruits with the possible health risks were the justification for this study. One hundred and fifty tomato fruit samples in different stages of spoilage from three different markets in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria were collected within five weeks and the effect of moisture content on each sample and resulting microflora examined. The pH of the samples ranged from 4.90 - 5.40, while the moisture content ranged from 89.10% - 90.70%. The bacteria counts ranged from 4.00 x 106 - 7.50 x 106 cfu/ml, while the fungal counts ranged from 1.60 x 106 - 3.50 x 106 cfu/ml. A total number of sixteen bacteria and eleven fungi including yeasts were associated with the samples. The bacterial isolates included Aeromonas veronii , Bacillus sp., Neisseria sp., Coryne bacterium renale, Pseudomonas fluorescens , Micrococcus varian s , Moraxella sp., Bacillus polymyxa, Aeromonas hydrophila , Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus megaterium , Corynebacterium ulcerans , Vibrio sp., Proteus mirabilis , Corynebacterium xerosis , and Bacillus brevis while the fungal isolates included Alternaria sp., Botrytis sp., Candida albicans , Candida guilliermondii , Candidatropicalis , Chrysosporium tropicum , Curvularia sp., Doratomyces microsporus , Geotrichum candidum , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , and Rhizopus stolonifer . The high moisture content of the tomato samples provides an enabling environment for proliferation of the microbial load and hence its spoilage and potential to become health risk to human beings.

Identifying and Characterizing Summer Diseases on ‘Babygold’ Peach in South Carolina

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Schnabel ◽  
Wenxuan Chai ◽  
Kerik D. Cox
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Rot Disease

Summer diseases can cause significant yield losses in processing peach varieties, such as the ‘Babygold’ lines. In this study we identified and characterized the pathogens responsible for disease outbreaks in two orchards (PH and JC) located in the northern ‘Piedmont’ area of South Carolina. Three pathogens, Geotrichum candidum, Colletotrichum acutatum, and Botryosphaeria dothidea, the causal agents of sour rot, anthracnose, and Botryosphaeria fruit rot disease respectively, were identified on fruit from orchard PH using symptomology, culture and spore morphology, and ribosomal DNA analysis. G. candidum and C. acutatum were also isolated from symptomatic fruit from orchard JC. The QoI fungicide azoxystrobin and a mixture of pyraclostrobin and boscalid were evaluated for their in vitro efficacy against five isolates of each of the three pathogens to investigate their possible usefulness in designing management strategies. Azoxystrobin inhibited mycelial growth of C. acutatum isolates (EC50 values of 0.01 to 0.55 mg/liter) but was ineffective against mycelium of G. candidum and B. dothidea isolates (EC50 values >300 mg/liter). The pyraclostrobin-boscalid mixture was highly effective against mycelium of C. acutatum (EC50 values of 0.01 to 0.05 mg/liter) and B. dothidea isolates (EC50 values of 0.02 to 0.03 mg/liter), but only marginally effective against mycelium of G. candidum (EC50 values 15.79 to 39.03 mg/liter). This study provides a diagnostic guide of pathogens that can cause summer diseases on ‘Babygold’ peaches and reports their in vitro sensitivity to registered respiration inhibitor fungicides. Accepted for publication 23 December 2005. Published 1 March 2006.

Isolation and Identification of Fungal Pathogen Associated with Post Harvest Deterioration of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Fruits in Three Selected Markets in Jos, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
M. Ishaya ◽  
A. E. Anzaku ◽  
W. C. John ◽  
N. Janfa ◽  
O. Oke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Cucumber Fruit ◽  
Fruit Samples

Aim: This study was carried out to isolate, identify and characterize fungal pathogens associated with post-harvest spoilage of cucumber. Study Design: This research study was done using random sampling technique.  Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out from March to June, 2019 at biology laboratory Federal College of Forestry, Jos. Methodology: Fungi isolates were obtained from diseased portions of the cucumber fruit samples cultured on PDA media and incubated at 28ºC2 for seven days. The mycelial were identified macroscopically and microscopically. Pathogenicity tests were conducted for all the fungal pathogens identified by inoculating healthy cucumber samples and incubating for ten days with the readings being taken at two day intervals. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and means were separated using LSD at P ≤ 0.05. Results: Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium sp., Geotrichum candidum and Yeast sp were isolated and identified. Result showed that Gada biu market was the most heavily infested location with all the fungal isolates. Geotrichum candidum constituted the highest (50%) occurrence of fungal isolates from all locations. All the fungal isolates were found to be pathogenic on cucumber fruits, with Fusarium being the most destructive, followed by yeast and Geotrichum candidum and the least was Aspergilus fumigatus. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study showed the isolates identified were involved in Cucumber spoilage. Therefore, Careful handling of Cucumber fruits should be ensured to prevent the spread of these pathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Post-harvest Management of Alternaria Induced Rot in Tomato Fruits With Essential Oil of Zanthoxylum armatum DC

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shummu Slathia ◽  
Yash Pal Sharma ◽  
Haroon Rashid Hakla ◽  
Mohammad Urfan ◽  
Narendra Singh Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Zanthoxylum Armatum

Alternaria fruit rot is a major disease caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl., a prolific fungal pathogen. Among post-harvest diseases of tomato, fruit rot induced by A. alternata is the most damaging. Antifungal agents are widely used to control post-harvest management of tomato fruits. However, negative impacts of fungicidal residues in edible fruits and vegetables on human health cannot be over ruled. Eco-friendly ways of controlling Alternaria rot in tomato fruits offer a novel way of tomato rot management. The current study proposes an alternate method in controlling tomato fruit rots through Zanthoxylum armatum DC essential oil (EO) application. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling showed eucalyptol and sabinene as major components of Z. armatum EO. Furthermore, EO applied (0.5–4.5 μl/ml) showed significant inhibition of A. alternata growth (p > 0.05) at 4.5 μl concentration tested. Lipid peroxidation assays revealed significant reduction in membrane damage in tomato fruits treated by EO compared to alone inoculated fruits with A. alternata. Elevated activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase coupled with enhanced antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, glutathione, proline, and total phenols in EO-treated fruits may be linked with better fruit rot management than control fruits inoculated with A. alternata-induced rot alone. Mycelia and spore production was dramatically reduced in EO applied tomato fruits over A. alternata alone in tomato fruits (p > 0.05). Interestingly, free radical scavenging activities of EO applied tomato fruits showed significant improvement compared to only pathogen-inoculated tomato fruits. Findings propose practical utility of Z. armatum EO as a plant-based antifungal for post-harvest management of Alternaria rot in tomato fruits.

scholarly journals In-vitro Activity of Selected Plant Extracts on Post-Harvest Pathogens Causing Tomato Fruit Rot

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-241
Author(s):  
Lydia G. Mugao ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Neem Leaves

Most researchers have majored on research to improve tomato production while neglecting post-harvest issues. Control of the post-harvest diseases in tomato is by use of synthetic pesticides. However, current research shows that pesticides are toxic with long residue effect. Some of the products are rejected in the market due to high chemical residue levels resulting to losses. A sustainable solution to this problem can be obtained from bio-controls that are environmental friendly. In this study, three different crude plant extracts (ginger rhizomes, neem leaves and garlic bulbs) were evaluated in-vitro at different concentrations for the control of pathogens causing tomato post-harvest rots. The used concentrations were: 1, 2, and 3mg/ml. The isolated and identified pathogen species used in this study were Fusarium, Rhizopus, and Geotrichum. Pathogen growth media (Potato Dextrose Agar) were amended with the different concentrations of the selected crude plant extracts and the pathogens introduced into the media. Radial growth of the fungal pathogens was measured at an interval of twenty four hours after the second day for seven days and was compared with the control. Results showed that all extracts’ concentrations had antimicrobial effect against the test pathogens with garlic having the highest bio-control activity. However, the antimicrobial effect varied with the concentration and the plant species. From the study it is evident that plant extracts can be used as safe alternatives for management of post-harvest rot causing pathogens in tomato fruits thus safeguarding the human health and the environment

scholarly journals First report of Aspergillus versicolor associated with fruit rot disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) from India

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Chandra Mohana ◽  
H. K. Narendra Kumar ◽  
S. Mahadevakumar ◽  
R. Sowmya ◽  
Kandikere Ramaiah Sridhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Its Sequencing ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Production Operation ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Aspergillus Versicolor ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Rot Disease

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important vegetable crop and cultivated throughout India. During 2019-20, Karnataka produced 2163 tonnes of tomato, accounting for 10.51 percent of total production (https://agricoop.gov.in/horticulture-reports). During a survey conducted in September 2019 in southern Karnataka region, severe fungi fruit rot symptoms were observed on at harvest in a 18 hectare production operation. The incidence of fruit rot disease was estimated around 12–14% in an area of 18 hectares (~62 fields). The necrotic lesions on infected fruit were covered with. The fruit rot was characterised by necrosis lesions filled with black fungal fruiting bodies, which later became soft and fully necrotic. A total of 20 samples were used for isolation and diagnostics. Infected fruit rot samples were surface sterilized with 2% NaOCl for 2 min, rinsed thrice in sterile distilled water, and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium amended with chloramphenicol (40mg/L). The plates were incubated at 28±2 °C and pure cultures were obtained by hyphal tip excision. On PDA medium, fungal colonies were initially white, but later turned to yellow green, often intermixed with pink sections. They produced sulcate and centrally raised sporulating conidiophores which were hyaline or slightly pigmented with smooth walls. Vesicles produced on conidiophores were sub-globose to ellipsoidal with phialides borne on metulae. Conidia were globose, brownish and conspicuously echinulate. On the basis morphological and cultural characteristics, the causative pathogen was identified to be Aspergillus versicolor (Jurjevic et al., 2012). Further molecular characterization was also done by amplifying internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region using universal ITS1-ITS4 primers with three representative isolates (White et al. 1990). Genomic DNA was isolated using CTAB using 15 days old culture followed by PCR amplification using ITS1-ITS4 primer pair and sequencing. The sequences analysis had 100% (561/561 base pairs) similarity with the reference sequences of Aspergillus versicolor (KU318417.1, MT798844.1) according to BLAST analysis in GenBank. The representative sequence of ITS-rDNA for three isolates viz., A. versicolor NCM_1, NCM_2 & NCM_3 were deposited in GenBank (Accession number: MZ520551.1 – MZ520553.1). Pathogenicity tests were conducted on 10 healthy mature fruit of tomato F1 hybrid (INDAM 3003) using wound inoculation (conidial suspension 3 × 106 conidia mL−1). Several tomato fruit (n=5) were only inoculated with sterile water to serve as controls. The experiments were conducted in triplicates with 10 fruits each and repeated three times (Mahadevakumar et al. 2019). Within 7 days of post-inoculation, fruit rot symptoms similar to those in the original out break in Karnataka were observed on all inoculated fruit. Control fruit remained asymptomatic even after 10 days. The pathogen was reisolated from diseased fruit and the identity was confirmed based on morphology and ITS sequencing. A. versicolor has been reported as a post-harvest fungal pathogen on other various vegetable crops (Aidoo, 1993). Tomato fruit rots are known to be a major problem (Nizamani et al., 2021) in the region. However, there no reports of tomato fruit rot caused by A. versicolor in India (Farr and Rossman, 2021), which warrants additional attention as a potential threat to regional production.

Effects of Bacillus velezensis on Fusarium avenaceum, a causal agent of post-harvest apple fruit rot

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladen Petres ◽  
Marta Loc ◽  
Mila Grahovac ◽  
Vera Stojsin ◽  
Dragana Budakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Post Harvest
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document