The Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada. 6. Berteroa incana (L.) DC

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1297-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Warwick ◽  
A. Francis
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Sandy Gravel ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Harmful Effects

The cruciferous weed Berteroa incana, hoary alyssum, has been known in temperate North America since the late 19th century, but has recently begun to spread aggressively in upland and dry areas in the Great Lakes and western foothills regions of both Canada and the United States. It is an annual, winter annual to short-lived perennial and is considered an invasive weed in turf, rangelands, pastures and forage crops, with harmful effects on horses an added concern. The species is most common on sandy gravel and poorer soils. It has recently i nvaded Christmas tree plantations in Michigan. Its prolific seed production, woody stems and deep taproot enable it to persist under dry conditions and to resist mechanical control; and it has virtually no natural enemies in North America. It can be partially controlled by herbicides in crops it has invaded, but herbicides are not generally used on rangelands, pastures, turf and natural and semi-natural areas, where it is now prevalent. Key words: Berteroa incana, hoary alyssum, bertéroa blanc, BEFIN, weed biology, invasive alien

The biology of Canadian weeds. 108. Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) O.E. Schulz

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne I. Warwick ◽  
David A. Wall
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Germplasm Resource ◽  
Winter Annual

A review of biological information is provided for Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) O.E. Schulz. A European native, it was introduced into Canada and the United States in the early 1900s and spread rapidly along the railroads. The species occurs in all the provinces and the Northwest Territories and is particularly abundant in the Prairie provinces and mid-western United States. It is a summer annual, rarely a winter annual or biennial species, and is characterized by high reproductive output. Plants occur most commonly on waste ground and along roadsides and railroads, followed by agricultural fields. Erucastrum gallicum is of allopolyploid origins (n = 15, 7 + 8 chromosomes), and contains a single multi-locus isozyme genotype. The species is a close relative of Brassica and is capable of limited genetic exchange with the canola species, B. rapa and B. napus. The possible transfer of genes from transgenic canola varieties to Erucastrum gallicum poses a remote, but potential, environmental risk. Populations of Erucastrum gallicum, including both Old World and North American populations, constitute a valuable germplasm resource as potential sources of beneficial agronomic traits, such as disease resistance for canola crop improvement. Key words: Dog mustard, Erucastrum gallicum, weed biology, risk assessment, germplasm, canola

Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Floodplain Wetlands ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Ephemeral Pools ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Black Cotton Soils

Abstract A. sessilis is a pioneer species typically growing on disturbed areas and in wetland habitats, and regarded as a fast-growing highly invasive weed. It is adapted to grow on a range of soil types ranging from poor sandy or alkaline soils, to loam or black cotton soils. It is also able to grow in seasonally-waterlogged areas as well as in areas with extreme dry conditions (Holm et al., 1997). A. sessilis can be found invading floodplain wetlands, margins of rivers, streams, canals, ditches, ponds, reservoirs, tanks, marshes, swamps, wet low-lying ground, ephemeral pools, seasonal pans and damp forest. This species is also a weed in fields with sorghum, millet, Eleusine spp., maize, cotton, cassava, cereal crops, pastures, and vegetable farms (Gupta, 2014). Consequently, this species has been listed as invasive in India, South Africa, Namibia, Spain, Hawaii and many other islands in the Pacific Ocean (see distribution table for details). It is also listed as a noxious weed in the United States (USDA-NRCS, 2014).

The biology of Canadian weeds. 106. Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill.

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ksenija Vujnovic ◽  
Ross W. Wein
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Linaria Dalmatica ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Dalmatian Toadflax ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
The 1960S

Dalmatian Toadflax, Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill. (Scrophulariaceae), is an important weed of rangelands, agricultural crops and waste areas in North America. The literature is less extensive than for the closely related yellow toadflax (Linaria vulgaris Mill.). Introduced from Eurasia as an ornamental plant into North America by 1894, it became naturalized in seven Canadian provinces and all of the United States of America west of the 100th meridian except for New Mexico. In North America it ranges from ca. 35° to 56°N latitude and it grows from near sea level to altitudes up to ca. 2800 m. Production of up to one-half million seeds per plant and its long-lived perennial nature make the species highly competitive and able to invade cropland and even stands of native ungrazed vegetation. Linaria dalmatica is a hemicryptophyte with strong vegetative reproduction and dormant seeds. Growth of creeping roots after removal of aboveground plant parts limits the effectiveness of control treatments such as grazing, clipping, mowing or burning. Several herbicides control the species for the short term; the smooth and waxy leaf surfaces may hinder herbicide uptake. Experimental biological control with insects since the 1960s shows promise. Key words: Linaria dalmatica, Dalmatian toadflax, Scrophulariaceae, weed biology, control, review

The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 152.Artemisia biennisWilld.

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Kegode ◽  
S. J. Darbyshire
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Good Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Wide Range

Kegode, G. O. and Darbyshire, S. J. 2013. The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 152. Artemisia biennis Willd. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 643–658. Artemisia biennis Willd. (biennial wormwood, armoise bisannuelle) is an annual or biennial species native to western North America. Closely related species occur in Eurasia and South America which are sometimes considered conspecific. Spreading elsewhere in North America occurred along transportation corridors soon after European settlement and it has since been introduced to other parts of the world. As an economically important weed its impact appears to be increasing, possibly due in part to reduced tillage practices. The most significantly affected regions are the Prairie Provinces of Canada and the northern Great Plains in the United States. Many cereal, oilseed, pulse, vegetable and forage crops are affected where it can reduce yields at relatively low densities. A wide range of soil and moisture conditions are tolerated and it can form dense populations in disturbed habitats where its competitive ability is enhanced by prolific seed production, indeterminate seedling emergence and allelopathic effects. Although tolerant of a number of herbicides in different classes, good control can be achieved through careful timing and split application strategies.

The biology of Canadian weeds. 9. Thlaspi arvense L. (updated)

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Warwick ◽  
A. Francis ◽  
D. J. Susko
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Disturbed Soils

An updated review of biological information is provided for Thlaspi arvense. Native to Eurasia, the species is naturalized and widely spread in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, including all of Canada's provinces and territories, and has recently spread to temperate regions in the southern hemisphere. It is an annual pioneer of disturbed soils and is an important weed of grain, oilseed, and forage crops in Canada, particularly in the prairies. High levels of erucic acid and glucosinolates can contaminate canola. When present in hay or other fodder, its seeds or leaves can be toxic to animals, as well as contaminate milk and meat with unpleasant flavors. It can serve as a host for insect, nematode, fungal and viral pests of canola and mustard crops. A persistent seed bank, high fecundity, and the growth habit of a hardy winter annual with early- (EF) and late-flowering (LF) strains, all contribute to its ability to compete with crops. Effective herbicides include the sulfonylureas, chlorsulfuron and ethametsulphuron, MCPA, tribenuronmethyl, phenocyacetic acid, flurtamone, 2,4-D, 2,4-D + dicamba, and 2,4-D + picloram. A resistant biotype to Group 2 herbicides, which inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS), has been found at two to five sites in Alberta in 2001. The potential of T. arvense as an industrial oilseed crop is being investigated. Key words: Stinkweed, Thlaspi arvense, weed biology, field pennycress, fanweed, oilseed potential

Magic and Politics

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Sabina Magliocco
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
The United States ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Cultural Expression ◽  
Spirit World

This essay introduces a special issue of Nova Religio on magic and politics in the United States in the aftermath of the 2016 presidential election. The articles in this issue address a gap in the literature examining intersections of religion, magic, and politics in contemporary North America. They approach political magic as an essentially religious phenomenon, in that it deals with the spirit world and attempts to motivate human behavior through the use of symbols. Covering a range of practices from the far right to the far left, the articles argue against prevailing scholarly treatments of the use of esoteric technologies as a predominantly right-wing phenomenon, showing how they have also been operationalized by the left in recent history. They showcase the creativity of magic as a form of human cultural expression, and demonstrate how magic coexists with rationality in contemporary western settings.

Pentecostalism and African diaspora : a case study of the Redeemed Christian Church of God (RCCG), in North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
Rotimi Williams Omotoye
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Church Of God ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Church

Pentecostalism as a new wave of Christianity became more pronounced in 1970's and beyond in Nigeria. Since then scholars of Religion, History, Sociology and Political Science have shown keen interest in the study of the Churches known as Pentecostals because of the impact they have made on the society. The Redeemed Christian Church of God (RCCG) was established by Pastor Josiah Akindayomi in Lagos,Nigeria in 1952. After his demise, he was succeeded by Pastor Adeboye Adejare Enock. The problem of study of this research was an examination of the expansion of the Redeemed Christian Church of God to North America, Caribbean and Canada. The missionary activities of the church could be regarded as a reversed mission in the propagation of Christianity by Africans in the Diaspora. The methodology adopted was historical. The primary and secondary sources of information were also germane in the research. The findings of the research indicated that the Redeemed Christian Church of God was founded in North America by Immigrants from Nigeria. Pastor Adeboye Enock Adejare had much influence on the Church within and outside the country because of his charisma. The Church has become a place of refuge for many immigrants. They are also contributing to the economy of the United States of America. However, the members of the Church were faced with some challenges, such as security scrutiny by the security agencies. In conclusion, the RCCGNA was a denomination that had been accepted and embraced by Nigerians and African immigrants in the United States of America.

Women, Power, and Families in Early Modern North America

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. S. Pearsall
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
North America ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Sources Of Authority ◽  
Effects Of War

The early modern period, spanning 1500 to 1800, was a vital one for what became the United States, and families were critical to the colonies that underpinned it. Households determined lines of belonging and governance; they gave status and formed a central source of power for both women and men. They also functioned symbolically: creating metaphors for authority (father-king) as well as actual sources of authority. Colonialism, or the imposition of foreign governing regimes, also shaped families and intimacies. The regulation of domestic life was a central feature of colonial power, even as individual families, both settler and indigenous, breached rules that authorities sought to impose. This chapter considers the importance of lineage and households, as well as the effects of war, epidemics, and slavery. It traces a range of households, Native American, African, and Euro-American, to argue for the central importance of families in shaping colonial North America.

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