Somatic hybridization between Solanum tuberosum and S. cardiophyllum

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Z. Shi ◽  
Q. Chen ◽  
H. Y. Li ◽  
D. Beasley ◽  
D. R. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Endosperm Balance Number ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Cultivated Potato ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Species Specific

The wild diploid Mexican species, Solanum cardiophyllum Lindl. (2n = 2x = 24), is resistant to important potato diseases. However, introgression of resistance to the tetraploid cultivated potato (S. tuberosum L.) (2n = 4x = 48) by conventional crossing is not feasible due to the difference in their endosperm balance number between these species. Somatic hybrids between S. cardiophyllum and S. tuberosum were produced for the first time by electrofusion of protoplasts isolated from young leaves of each parental line. The hybrid nature of the regenerated plants was confirmed based on morphology, chromosome number and DNA species-specific RAPD markers. All the somatic hybrids produced a violet pigmentation on their stems and petioles, which resembled the wild partner. Most of the hybrid plants had 2n = 72 chromosomes and exhibited a morphology intermediate between the two fusion parents, but with a tendency towards cultivated potato. These plants flowered and set fruit when backcrossed with their S. tuberosum fusion parent. Key words: Potato (Solanum tuberosum), S. cardiophyllum, protoplast fusion, RAPD marker

The genetics of triploid formation and its relationship to endosperm balance number in potato

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Johnston ◽  
R. E. Hanneman Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Poisson Distribution ◽  
Endosperm Balance Number ◽  
Mitotic Abnormalities ◽  
Random Events ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Triploid Block

The ability of Solanum tuberosum Group Andigena clones to produce triploids (2n = 3x = 36) in 4x(4 endosperm balance number (EBN)) × 2x(2EBN) crosses was investigated. The difference in triploid production among the clones tested, though large, appears to be the result of low heritability. The triploids produced in the 4x × 2x crosses did not seem to bear heritable factors that improved triploid production in 2x and 4x populations derived from them. Yet, the seeds/fruit data from a similar 4x × 2x cross fit a Poisson distribution. It was argued that the low probability nonheritable random events responsible for the triploids from 4x × 2x and 2x × 4x crosses were misfertilizations, mitotic abnormalities in the gametophyte, and (or) mitotic misdivisions in the endosperm.Key words: Solanum, endosperm, triploid block, fertilization.

scholarly journals Electrofusion of protoplasts of anther-derived dihaploid lines of commercial potato cultivars

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veli-Matti Rokka ◽  
Yong-Sheng Xu ◽  
Pirjo Tanhuanpää ◽  
Leena Pietilä ◽  
Eija Pehu
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Commercial Potato

Somatic hybrids of anther-derived dihaploid (2x) potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) lines were produced by electrofusion of protoplasts. Using RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) markers, six new combinations of dihaploid parental lines from cultivars Matilda, Nicola, Pito, Stina, Van Gogh and White Lady were identified. RAPD marker identification of the putative hybrids was mostly done using two distinct parental line specific primers. 43% of the 76 regenerated calli from the six combinations produced hybrid shoots. Most of the somatic hybrids were tetraploid (4x), but in four fusion combinations plants of hexaploid (6x), octoploid (8x) or mixoploid level were also identified by chromosome counts or flow cytometric nuclear DNA analysis. The mean nuclear DNA content (2C value) of the tetraploid and hexaploid somatic hybrids was lower than the expected DNA content (i.e. the 2C values of the original tetraploid cultivars or the sum of the 2C values of the dihaploid fusion parents). Some somatic hybrids having the expected nuclear DNA content were also found.

A specific oligonucleotide of the 5S rDNA spacer and species-specific elements identify symmetric somatic hybrids between Solanum tuberosum and S. pinnatisectum

1995 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 720-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Zanke ◽  
N. Borisjuk ◽  
B. Ruoss ◽  
L. Schilde-Rentschler ◽  
H. Ninnemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Species Specific

Identification of somatic hybrids of dihaploid Solanum tuberosum lines and S. brevidens by species specific RAPD patterns and assessment of disease resistance of the hybrids

Euphytica ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veli-Matti Rokka ◽  
Yong-Sheng Xu ◽  
Jyri Kankila ◽  
Anja Kuusela ◽  
Seppo Pulli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Species Specific

Three novel Nicotiana debneyi specific repetitive DNA elements derived from a RAPD marker

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Bai
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Translocation Line ◽  
Black Root Rot ◽  
Dna Elements ◽  
Nicotiana Debneyi ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Repetitive Dna Elements

The RAPD marker UBC4181050, tightly linked in coupling with the Nicotiana debneyi gene for resistance to black root rot (Chalara elegans Nag Raj and Kendrick; Syn. Thielaviopsis basicola [Berk. and Broome] Ferraris), has been cloned and sequenced. The terminal 10 bases of this RAPD marker exactly match the sequence of the primer UBC418. UBC4181050 was restricted into 6 subfragments of 75, 91, 110, 174, 274, and 336 bp (the accession numbers for these 6 subfragments in the GenBank Data Base are U84217, U84218, U84219, U84220, U84221, and U84222, respectively) by combined restriction with HindIII and RsaI. The entire UBC4181050 marker and its 6 subfragments were used as probes in RFLP analyses. The RFLP analyses were performed on 'Delgold' tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), the tobacco plants (2n = 48) recovered from the somatic hybrids between 'Delgold' and N. debneyi, the 'Delgold' tobacco translocation line carrying the N. debneyi gene for resistance to black root rot, the 'Delgold' tobacco addition lines carrying various N. debneyi chromosomes, and an additional 27 species in the genus Nicotiana. The analyses indicated that UBC4181050 is composed of at least 6 different repetitive DNA elements that are independently interspersed in N. debneyi genomes. Three of them (subfragments of 91, 274, and 336 bp) are N. debneyi specific. The N. debneyi specific repetitive DNA elements are distributed primarily within the taxonomic section (Suaveolentes) to which N. debneyi belongs.Key words: RAPD, repetitive DNA, Nicotiana debneyi, species-specific.

scholarly journals Meiotic Aberrations Underlying Pollen Sterility in Cultivated Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

CYTOLOGIA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-274
Author(s):  
Tanuja Buckseth ◽  
Manjit Inder Singh Saggoo
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Cultivated Potato ◽  
Meiotic Aberrations

scholarly journals Ba incorporation in benthic foraminifera

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart J. de Nooijer ◽  
Anieke Brombacher ◽  
Antje Mewes ◽  
Gerald Langer ◽  
Gernot Nehrke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Seawater Chemistry ◽  
Minor And Trace Elements ◽  
Foraminiferal Species ◽  
Element Partitioning ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
New Applications

Abstract. Barium (Ba) incorporated in the calcite of many foraminiferal species is proportional to the concentration of Ba in seawater. Since the open ocean concentration of Ba closely follows seawater alkalinity, foraminiferal Ba/Ca can be used to reconstruct the latter. Alternatively, Ba/Ca from foraminiferal shells can also be used to reconstruct salinity in coastal settings where seawater Ba concentration corresponds to salinity as rivers contain much more Ba than seawater. Incorporation of a number of minor and trace elements is known to vary (greatly) between foraminiferal species and application of element/Ca ratios thus requires the use of species-specific calibrations. Here we show that calcite Ba/Ca correlates positively and linearly with seawater Ba/Ca in cultured specimens of two species of benthic foraminifera, Heterostegina depressa and Amphistegina lessonii. The slopes of the regression, however, vary 2–3 fold between these two species (0.33 and 0.78, respectively). This difference in Ba-partitioning resembles the difference in partitioning of other elements (Mg, Sr, B, Li and Na) in these foraminiferal taxa. A general trend across element partitioning for different species is described, which may help developing new applications of trace elements in foraminiferal calcite in reconstructing past seawater chemistry.

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