scholarly journals Influence of four successive annual applications of elemental S and sulphate-S fertilizers on yield, S uptake and seed quality of canola

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhi
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
S Fertilizers

The effectiveness of elemental S fertilizers in increasing crop yield in S-deficient soils depends on the rate at which S is oxidized to sulphate in soil for plant uptake. A 4-yr field experiment (1999 to 2002) was conducted with canola (Brassica napus L. or Brassica rapa L.) on a S-deficient loamy sand Gray Luvisol soil near Tisdale in northeastern Saskatchewan to determine the effectiveness of elemental S and sulphate-S fertilizers applied annually at different times and S rates on seed and straw yield, oil and protein concentration in seed, concentration and uptake of S in seed and straw, amount of residual sulphate-S in soil, and recovery of applied S in plant, soil and plant + soil. The S fertilizer treatments included granular types of two bentonite -elemental S fertilizers (ES-90 and ES-95), one sulphate-S (ammonium sulphate), one containing elemental S and sulphate-S (Agrium Plus), and a zero-S control. The S fertilizers were surface-broadcast at 10 or 20 kg S ha-1 rates in the previous autumn or in spring, and incorporated into the soil a few days prior to seeding in May. Canola plants in the zero-S control showed S deficiency in the growing season. Seed yield, straw yield, oil concentration in seed, and S concentration and uptake in seed and straw increased with the sulphate-S fertilizer in all years. There was no significant increase in seed yield from the elemental S fertilizers in 1999, though autumn application tended to give slightly greater seed yield than the spring application. Elemental S fertilizers usually increased seed yield and S uptake significantly over the zero-S control, but yield and S uptake were less than the sulphate-S fertilizer in most cases in 2000, in many cases in 2001 and in some cases in 2002, especially when the S fertilizers were applied in spring. Autumn-applied elemental S usually had greater seed yield and S uptake than the spring-applied elemental S in 2000, 2001 and 2002. On the other hand, autumn-applied ammonium sulphate produced or tended to produce lower seed yield and S uptake than spring-applied ammonium sulphate in some cases. There was little effect of S fertilizer application on protein concentration in seed. In summary, the results indicated that elemental S fertilizers were not effective in increasing canola yield and S uptake on the S-deficient soil in the first year of application. The elemental S fertilizers became effective in the second to fourth year, but seed yield and S uptake were still less than those obtained with sulphate-S fertilizer, particularly when the S fertilizers were applied in spring. The findings suggest the need for research on best management practices to improve effectiveness of elemental S fertilizers. Key words: Canola, elemental and sulphate S fertilizers, oil and protein concentration, seed yield, sulphur uptake

scholarly journals Influence of six successive annual applications of sulphur fertilizers on wheat in a wheat–canola rotation on a sulphur deficient soil

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
S S Malhi ◽  
J J Schoenau ◽  
C L Vera
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
Seed Protein Concentration ◽  
S Fertilizers

A 9-yr (1999–2007) field experiment was conducted on a S-deficient Gray Luvisol (Typic Cryoboralf) loam soil at Porcupine Plain in northeastern Saskatchewan. The objective was to compare the influence of six successive annual applications (1999–2004) and the following residual effects for 3 yr (2005–2007) of elemental S and sulphate-S fertilizers on yield, seed protein and total S concentration, and S uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a wheat–canola rotation. Treatments used were combinations of two application times (preceding autumn and before seeding in spring) with two granular elemental S fertilizers (ES-90 and ES-95), one fertilizer containing both elemental S and sulphate-S (Agrium Plus), ammonium sulphate, and a zero-S control. The S fertilizers were applied annually at a rate of 15 kg S ha–1. From 1999 to 2004, seed yield (3 yr) and straw yield (4 yr), seed protein concentration (3 yr), total S concentration in seed (4 yr), and S uptake in seed (5 yr) and straw (5 yr) of wheat showed significant response to S fertilization. In the first year (1999), ammonium sulphate and Agrium Plus were more effective than ES-90 and ES-95. In the following years (2000–2004), there was no significant effect of S source on seed and straw yield. Sulphate-S containing fertilizers produced greater total S concentration in seed and S uptake in straw (3 yr) and for S uptake in seed (1 yr). There was no effect of timing of S application on seed yield and protein concentration in any year, but autumn application was superior to spring application for straw yield and S uptake (1 yr), and for seed total S concentration and S uptake (2 yr). Residual effects of six previous S applications showed improvement in wheat seed yield until 2006, and straw yield and total S uptake until 2007. Elemental S, especially when applied in autumn, tended to have more lasting residual effects than the other S fertilizer treatments. There was some build-up of residual sulphate-S in soil in almost all S fertilizer treatments after four successive applications, but this was generally higher with sulphate-S-containing fertilizers. Recovery of applied S from 1999 to 2004 in plants was usually higher with sulphate-S fertilizer than with elemental S fertilizer in most years. Recovery of applied S in soil was higher for sulphate-S fertilizers, followed by ES-90, and finally ES-95. Residual nitrate-N in soil was significantly lower in spring-applied ammonium sulphate treatment than the zero-S or other S treatments. Key words: Elemental S, fertilizer, protein concentration, S uptake, sulphate-S, wheat, yield

scholarly journals Influence of formulation of elemental S fertilizer on yield, quality and S uptake of canola seed

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
E. D. Solberg ◽  
M. Nyborg
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
First Year ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
Percent Recovery ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
S Fertilizers

The rate of S oxidation in elemental S fertilizers to plant-available sulphate-S depends on factors that affect microbial activity, such as soil moisture, temperature, aeration and size of fertilizer granules. Three field experiments were conducted on S-deficient Gray and Dark Gray Luvisol soils (Typic Cryoboralf) during 2000 and 2001 in Saskatchewan (exp. 1 at Porcupine Plain and exp. 3 at Canwood) and Alberta (exp. 2 at Legal) to determine the effects of formulation of elemental S fertilizers on yield, oil, protein and S concentration, S uptake, percent recovery of applied S and N uptake in seed of canola (Brassica napus L. ‘A4573’ at Porcupine Plain and ‘Invigor 2663’ at Legal and Canwood). In exp. 1 (2000 and 2001) and exp. 2 (2000), treatments included five elemental S fertilizers (granular ES-99, ES-95, ES-90 and Biosul-90; and Biosul-50 suspension), granular potassium sulphate and zero-S control. In exp. 3, treatments included eight elemental S fertilizers (granular ES-99, ES-95, ES-90 and Biosul-90; powder Lab fine ES-99.5, ES Settle-47 and ES SPB571-85.8; and Biosul-50 suspension), 21.7% elemental S plus 18.7% sulphate-S (Agrium Plus), blend of granular ES-90 and ammonium sulphate (1:1), granular ammonium sulphate and zero-S control. The S fertilizers were surface-broadcast or sprayed at 15 and 30 kg S ha-1 rates within 2–3 d after sowing in spring. Canola plants in the zero-S treatment showed S deficiency in the growing season, and seed yield increased with sulphate-S fertilizer by 21.8, 1.4, and 3.6 times in exps. 1, 2, and 3, respectively. There was little effect of S fertilizer on protein concentration in seed. Biosul-50 suspension in all experiments and powder forms of elemental S fertilizers, used only in exp. 3, were almost as effective as sulphate-S fertilizers. In all experiments, granular elemental S fertilizers had no or only a very small effect on yield, S uptake, percent recovery of applied S, N uptake, oil concentration, S concentration and protein concentration of canola seed in the first year of application. In the second year of exp. 1, granular elemental S fertilizers tended to increase yield, S uptake, N uptake, oil concentration, and S concentration of canola seed, but none of them produced seed yield or improved other parameters of canola seed comparable with the sulphate-S and elemental S powder or suspension fertilizers. In summary, granular elemental S fertilizers were not effective in increasing canola seed yield and S uptake on S-deficient soils in the first year of application. After the second annual application, most granular elemental S fertilizers tended to correct deficiency of S in canola plants, but improvements in yield and other parameters of seed were still less than the sulphate-S and suspension or powder forms of elemental S fertilizers. Key words: Canola, elemental and sulphate S fertilizers, granular, suspension, oil and protein content, seed yield, S uptake

Effects of four consecutive annual applications of elemental S and sulphate-S fertilizers on yield, S uptake and seed quality of wheat

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhi
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Significant Response ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
Seed Protein Concentration ◽  
S Fertilizers

A field experiment from 1999 to 2002 was carried out near Tisdale in northeastern Saskatchewan on a S-deficient Gray Luvisol (Typic Cryoboralf) soil to compare the effects of elemental S and sulphate-S fertilizers on yield, seed protein, total S concentration, S uptake, and recovery of applied S in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and residual SO4-S in soil. Treatments were combinations of 10 and 20 kg S ha-1 rates applied in autumn and spring for two granular bentonitic elemental S fertilizers (ES- 90 and ES-95), one fertilizer containing both elemental S and sulphate-S (Agrium Plus), and ammonium sulphate, plus a zero-S control. The S fertilizers were surface-broadcast and all plots had a preseeding rotovation in spring to incorporate fertilizers into the soil. Seed (1 yr) and straw (3 yr) yield, seed protein concentration (1 yr), and total S concentration and S uptake in seed and straw (all years except uptake of S in seed in 2001 and 2002) showed significant response to S fertilization. Ammonium sulphate and Agrium Plus were generally more effective compared with the elemental S fertilizers, when there was a significant response to sulphate-S containing fertilizers. Autumn application of elemental S fertilizers was sometimes more effective than spring application, while an opposite trend was observed for sulphate-S containing fertilizers in some cases. The increase in S rate from 10 to 20 kg S ha-1 tended to increase the measured wheat parameters in many elemental S treatments, but for sulphate-S fertilizers the effect was less pronounced. The concentration of total S in seed and straw was relatively more responsive to S fertilization than yield and S uptake, particularly for seed. The effect of S fertilization on wheat was less pronounced in drought years, particularly on seed yield, suggesting that drought rather than S availability was limiting wheat growth. There was some build-up of residual SO4-S in the 0-60 cm depth of soil in many S fertilizer treatments after four successive applications, but there was little or no difference in soil SO4-S between elemental S and sulphate-S fertilizers. In conclusion, the results from four successive annual applications of elemental S and sulphate-S fertilizers in autumn and spring on the same area indicate that bentonitic granular elemental S fertilizers had comparatively less influence on wheat than granular sulphate-S fertilizers and further research to improve the effectiveness of these elemental S fertilizers is suggested. Key words: Elemental S, fertilizer, protein, seed quality, sulphate-S, wheat, yield

Cultivar and fertilizer S rate interaction effects on canola yield, seed quality and S uptake

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
K. S Gill
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
S Deficiency ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Rate Interaction

Since canola has a high requirement for S, and canola cultivars have differences in growth rate and yield potential, a differential response of canola cultivars to soil S deficiency and S fertilization can be expected. A 3 site-year field study was conducted on S-deficient soils in northeastern Saskatchewan to determine response of four canola cultivars to S deficiency and S fertilization in terms of yield (seed and straw), seed quality (oil, protein and S concentration), and S uptake (seed and straw). Two Brassica napus L. cultivars (Quantum and AC Excel) and two B. rapa L. cultivars (Maverick and AC Parkland) were compared at 0, 5, 10, and 15 kg S ha-1 rates. Both the actual values of seed and straw yield and seed S uptake and the responses to S fertilization were greater for the B. napus than B. rapa cultivars. Optimal yield response for all the four cultivars occurred at the 10 kg S ha-1 rate, though seed quality and S uptake responded up to the 15 kg S ha-1 rate. Sulphur fertilization response was quadratic for seed and straw yield, seed oil and protein concentration, and S uptake in seed, while the response for seed S concentration and straw S uptake was inconsistent. In summary, in spite of differences in magnitude of the response of tested cultivars to S fertilization, the similar nature of the response and optimal yield at the same S rate indicated th at specific S fertilization recommendations for individual canola cultivars are unnecessary. Key words: Canola cultivars, oil concentration, seed quality, S rates, S uptake, yield

Comparative nitrogen response and economic evaluation for optimum yield of hybrid and open-pollinated canola

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Mahli ◽  
S. Brandt ◽  
D. Ulrich ◽  
G. P. Lafond ◽  
A. M. Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Optimum Yield ◽  
Days To Maturity

Plant breeders have dramatically improved the yield potential of new canola cultivars. To achieve optimum yield with such cultivars, particularly hybrids, may require changes to fertilizer management practices that were established prior to development of these cultivars. We investigated the influence of N fertilizer rate (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 kg N ha-1) on plant density, days to flowering, length of flowering stage, days to maturity, biomass, seed yield and quality, and economic returns of two canola cultivars (Quantum, a high-yielding open-pollinated; and InVigor® 2663, a high-yielding hybrid) on a Dark Brown (Scott), a Thick Black (Melfort), and a Thin Black (Indian Head) Chernozem soil in Saskatchewan in 2000 and 2001. Plant density was slightly lower for InVigor 2663 than Quantum due to larger seed size of the former. InVigor 2663 tended to take more days to flowering and had shorter flowering stage duration compared with Quantum, but the two cultivars showed no consistent difference for the number of days to maturity. InVigor 2663 generally produced more biomass and seed yield than Quantum. Oil and protein concentration in seed were higher for InVigor 2663 than Quantum, with an opposite trend for the proportion of green seeds, indicating better seed quality for InVigor 2663. Addition of N tended to reduce plant density and decreased seed oil concentration, while it increased crop growth duration, seed protein concentration, seed yield and biomass. Under adequate N fertilization, InVigor 2663 provided greater net economic returns than Quantum under both moist and relatively dry conditions. In conclusion, InVigor 2663 performed better agronomically than Quantum, but the similar nature of seed yield response to applied N suggests that target N fertilizer rates for optimum seed yield and net economic returns should be similar for both cultivars based on this limited comparison of one hybrid and one open-pollinated canola cultivar under these soil-climatic conditions. Key words: Brassica napus L., hybrid canola, N rate, open-pollinated canola, seed quality, seed yield

Influence of system of cultivation and genotypes of preceding rice-ratoon on growth and yield of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) sown at varying dates in coastal alluvium soil of eastern India

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanat Kumar Dwibedi ◽  
Gopal Chandra De ◽  
Sudhi Ranjan Dhua ◽  
Ashok Kumar Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Rice Intensification

Field experiment was conducted in coastal alluvium soil of eastern India during late rabi of 2009-10 and 2010-11 in split split-plot design with three dates of sowing for rice-ratoon i.e. 20 June, 5 and 20 July followed by green gram cv. PDM-139 (Samrat) i.e. 2 January, 17 January and 1 February in main plots, three systems of cultivation of the preceding rice-ratoon i.e. ratoons of rice under best management practices (BMP), system of rice intensification (SRI) and modified SRI (MSRI) in sub plots and two genotypes of rice-ratoon i.e. HR Ajay and HYV Tapaswini in sub sub-plots. Green gram was grown under residual soil nutrient and the crop sown on 2 January recorded the highest seed yield of 0.703 t ha-1 (REY of 2.933 t ha-1) and this was followed by sowing on 17 January and 1 February. The seed yield of green gram followed diminishing trend under SRI-ratoon, MSRI-ratoon and BMP-ratoon, respectively.

scholarly journals Yield and Seed Quality of Summer Green Gram as Influenced by Weed Management under Zero Tillage

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Singh ◽  
Hardev Ram ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
R.K. Meena ◽  
A. Saxena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Hand Weeding

Background: Weeds are primary factors that adversely affect growth, yield and seed quality of summer green gram, which can be minimized with adoption of proper weed management practices. This field experiment was conducted to find out the effective weed management practice in summer green gram (Vigna radiata) under zero tillage condition. Methods: In this field-laboratory investigation conducted during summer season 2019 on different herbicides were applied to manage weeds in summer green gram. Eight treatments were applied based on various application windows. In the field and laboratory, the collected samples were determined for growth parameters, nutrient uptakes, seed yield and seed quality of summer green gram. Result: The result revealed that weed free treatment recorded higher growth parameters like, plant height, number of branch/plant, number of leaves/plant and root biomass which was statically at par with Shaked (Propaquizafop + Imezathyper) as post-emergence (POE) at 20 DAS and Pendimethalin as pre-emergence (PE) followed by one hand weeding 20 DAS. Same trends were also observed in seed yield, nutrient content and uptake by seeds. Seed quality parameters like germination per cent (98.00), shoot (25.63 cm) root (14.20 cm) and seedling length (39.83 cm), seedling dry weight (0.16 g), vigour index I (3903.33) and vigour index II (14.96) was higher under weed free followed by Shaked (Propaquizafop + Imezathyper) and Pendimethalin as (PE followed by one hand weeding 20 DAS over weed check.

Effectiveness of sulphate-S fertilization at different growth stages for yield, seed quality and S uptake of canola

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
K. S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
S Deficiency ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
S Application ◽  
Bolting And Flowering

Canola ( Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.) is an important cash crop in the Prairie Provinces of Canada. The majority of canola is grown in the Parkland zone where many soils are deficient or potentially deficient in plant-available S for optimum seed yield of canola. Because canola has high S requirements and S is immobile in plants, its deficiency can occur any time during the growing season and drastically reduce canola seed yield, particularly on soils fertilized well with N and P. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of sulphate-S fertilizer (potassium sulphate) applied using various application methods at seeding and during the growing season for yield, seed quality and S uptake of canola on S-deficient soils. Six field experiments (two sites per year from 1998 to 2000) were conducted on Grey Luvisol soils in north-eastern Saskatchewan. Fertilizer treatments were no fertilizer, N (120 kg N ha-1) alone at seeding, S (30 kg S ha-1) alone at seeding, and N (120 kg N ha-1) at seeding + S (15 and 30 kg S ha-1) at seeding, bolting and flowering stages of canola. Methods of S application were surface broadcast and incorporated into the soil, sidebanded and seedrow placed at seeding, and topdressed and foliar sprayed at bolting and early flowering. Canola at all experimental sites showed severe S deficiency symptoms. Compared to N alone, N + S fertilization increased yield, oil content and S uptake of seed in all cases, increased yield and S uptake of seed + straw in most cases, while protein content of seed and S index (ratio of S uptake in seed to S uptake in seed + straw) were not influenced consistently. A trend of seeding > bolting > flowering time of S applications was generally shown by yield and S uptake of seed and seed + straw, and by S index. There were no noticeable differences among treatments applied at seeding. Topdressing at bolting and flowering tended to produce less seed yield than foliar-applied S in few cases and method of S application had no consistent effect on other parameters. Increasing the rate from 15 to 30 kg S ha-1 generally increased yield and S uptake of seed and seed + straw, but had no consistent effect on oil and protein contents in seed and S index. Fertilizer S alone tended to increase yield, oil content and S uptake of seed but had no effect on seed protein content. However, application of N alone tended to reduce yield, oil content and S uptake of seed while it had an inconsistent effect on yield and S uptake of seed + straw and S index. In conclusion, application of sulphate-S fertilizer on S-deficient soils improved yield, seed quality and S uptake of canola, with applications at seeding generally more effective than at bolting and early flowering stages. The results suggest that application of sulphate-S can correct S deficiency in canola if it occurs in the growing season, and restore seed yield substantially at bolting and moderately at early flowering. Key words: Application times, canola, placement methods, seed quality, S index, S rates

scholarly journals Seed yield and quality as affected by weed management practices in bitter gourd

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
P Anitha ◽  
S Nirmala Devi ◽  
P Sainamole Kurian
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Hand Weeding

Effect of weed management practices on seed yield and quality of bitter gourd var. Preethi wasstudied during 2016-17. The results showed that highest seed yield (0.73t/ha) was recorded inthe treatment Pendimethalin @0.75 a.i. /ha plus one hand weeding at 40 DAS followed bymulching using black polythene (0.65t/ha) which were on par. The lowest seed yield (0.18t/ha)was in weedy check. Weed control efficiency was highest (100%) in mulching with blackpolythene followed by application of pendimethalin +one hand weeding at 40DAS (97.97).Seed quality in terms of percentage germination (82.52) , vigour index I(1924.15) and Vigourindex II ( 27.24) were significantly superior in mulching with black polythene and was on parwith weed free check and application of Pendimenthalin + one hand weeding at 40 DAS.Highest seedling length (26.10cm) and seedling fresh weight (2.45g) were also recorded in thesame treatment. However, there was no significant difference between treatments for seedlingdry weight.

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