Comparative nitrogen response and economic evaluation for optimum yield of hybrid and open-pollinated canola

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Mahli ◽  
S. Brandt ◽  
D. Ulrich ◽  
G. P. Lafond ◽  
A. M. Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Optimum Yield ◽  
Days To Maturity

Plant breeders have dramatically improved the yield potential of new canola cultivars. To achieve optimum yield with such cultivars, particularly hybrids, may require changes to fertilizer management practices that were established prior to development of these cultivars. We investigated the influence of N fertilizer rate (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 kg N ha-1) on plant density, days to flowering, length of flowering stage, days to maturity, biomass, seed yield and quality, and economic returns of two canola cultivars (Quantum, a high-yielding open-pollinated; and InVigor® 2663, a high-yielding hybrid) on a Dark Brown (Scott), a Thick Black (Melfort), and a Thin Black (Indian Head) Chernozem soil in Saskatchewan in 2000 and 2001. Plant density was slightly lower for InVigor 2663 than Quantum due to larger seed size of the former. InVigor 2663 tended to take more days to flowering and had shorter flowering stage duration compared with Quantum, but the two cultivars showed no consistent difference for the number of days to maturity. InVigor 2663 generally produced more biomass and seed yield than Quantum. Oil and protein concentration in seed were higher for InVigor 2663 than Quantum, with an opposite trend for the proportion of green seeds, indicating better seed quality for InVigor 2663. Addition of N tended to reduce plant density and decreased seed oil concentration, while it increased crop growth duration, seed protein concentration, seed yield and biomass. Under adequate N fertilization, InVigor 2663 provided greater net economic returns than Quantum under both moist and relatively dry conditions. In conclusion, InVigor 2663 performed better agronomically than Quantum, but the similar nature of seed yield response to applied N suggests that target N fertilizer rates for optimum seed yield and net economic returns should be similar for both cultivars based on this limited comparison of one hybrid and one open-pollinated canola cultivar under these soil-climatic conditions. Key words: Brassica napus L., hybrid canola, N rate, open-pollinated canola, seed quality, seed yield

Genetic components analysis in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss) under Saharanpur districts

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Amit Tomar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Days To Maturity

Regression coefficient ‘b1’ deviated from unity for length of main raceme, Number of secondary branches per plant, test weight, oil content, Number of siliquae per plant, seed yield per plant. The estimates of additive components ( Dˆ ), dominance components ( 1 Hˆ and 2Hˆ ) were highly significant for days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, length of main raceme, number of siliquae per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, oil content, test weight and seed yield per plant .All the estimates of Fˆ (mean of Fr value, where Fr is the proportion of negatives effects of Genes in rth parents) was positive and significant number of siliquae per plant, days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height and except for which is highly significant whereas days to maturity was negative and significant. The estimates of 2 hˆ were positive and highly significant for days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, length of main raceme, oil content, test weight and seed yield per plant. The estimates of mean degree of dominance ( 1Hˆ / Dˆ ) 0.5 were more than unity for length of main raceme, number of secondary branches per plant, oil content, test weight and seed yield per plant.

Fungicide Management of Pasmo of Flax and Sensitivity of Septoria linicola to Pyraclostrobin and Fluxapyroxad

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonima Islam ◽  
Cecil Vera ◽  
Jan Slaski ◽  
Ramona Mohr ◽  
Khalid Y Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Fungicide Insensitivity ◽  
Microtiter Assay

Among the diseases that have the potential to cause damage to flax every year, pasmo, caused by Septoria linicola, is the most important. Fungicide application and a diverse crop rotation are the most important strategies to control this disease because there is little variation in resistance among flax cultivars. However, few fungicide products are available to flax growers. Field studies were conducted at four locations in Western Canada in 2014, 2015 and 2016 to determine the effect of two fungicide active ingredients applied singly and in combination: pyraclostrobin, fluxapyroxad and fluxapyroxad+pyraclostrobin; and two application timings (early-flower, mid-flower and at both stages) on pasmo severity, seed yield and quality of flaxseed. The results indicated that among the three fungicide treatments, both pyraclostrobin and fluxapyroxad+pyraclostrobin controlled pasmo effectively, however, fluxapyroxad+pyraclostrobin was the most beneficial to improve the quality and quantity of the seed at most of the site-years. Disease severity in the fungicide-free control was 70%, application of fluxapyroxad+pyraclostrobin decreased disease severity to 18%, followed by pyraclostrobin (23%) and fluxapyroxad (48%). Application of fluxapyroxad+pyraclostrobin also improved seed yield to 2562 kg ha-1 compared with 1874 kg ha-1 for the fungicide-free control, followed by pyraclostrobin (2391 kg ha-1) and fluxapyroxad (2340 kg ha-1). Fungicide application at early and mid-flowering stage had the same effects on disease severity and seed yield; however, seed quality was improved more when fungicide was applied at mid-flowering stage. Continuous use of the same fungicide may result in the development of fungicide insensitivity in the pathogen population. Thus, sensitivity of S. linicola isolates to pyraclostrobin and fluxapyroxad fungicides were determined by the spore germination and microtiter assay methods. Fungicide insensitivity was not detected among the 73 isolates of S. linicola tested against either of these fungicides.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on seed yield, N uptake, N use efficiency, and seed quality of Brassica carinata

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1073-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Johnson ◽  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
L. M. Hall ◽  
S. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Brassica Carinata ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

Johnson, E. N., Malhi, S. S., Hall, L. M. and Phelps, S. 2013. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on seed yield, N uptake, N use efficiency, and seed quality of Brassica carinata . Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1073–1081. Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) is a relatively new crop in western Canada and research information on its response to N fertilizer is lacking. Two field experiments (exp. 1 at 3 site-years and exp. 2 at 4 site-years) were conducted from 2008 to 2010 in Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada, to determine effect of N fertilizer application on Brassica carinata plant density, seed and straw yield, N uptake in seed and straw, N use efficiency (NUE), N fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE) and seed quality. N rates applied were 0 to 160 kg N ha−1 and 0 to 200 kg N ha−1 in exps. 1 and 2, respectively. Plant density was not affected by increasing N rate at 5 site-years but declined with high rates of N application at 2 site-years. Seed yield responded to applied N in 6 of 7 site-years, with the non-responsive site having a high total N uptake at the 0 kg N ha−1 rate (high Nt value). There were no sites where seed yields were maximized with the N rates applied. Response trends of straw yield and N uptake were similar to that of seed yield at the corresponding site-years. NUE and NFUE generally declined as N rate increased. Protein concentration in seed generally increased and oil concentration in seed decreased with increasing N rates. In conclusion, the responses of seed yield, total N uptake, NUE, and NFUE to applied N was similar to those reported in other Brassica species with the exception that a rate was not identified in which Brassica carinata yields were maximized.

scholarly journals Response of nitrogen on yield and seed quality of Boro rice

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Amina Khatun ◽  
MSU Bhuiya ◽  
MA Saleque
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
N Rates

Nitrogen (N), the most limiting nutrient in Bangladesh, for rice has been studied most rigorously, but its contribution to rice seed production remained relatively unexplored. An experiment was conducted during   season (November-April) in 2009-10 at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute experimental farm, Gazipur, Bangladesh, to evaluate the effect of N fertilizer on seed yield and its quality. The experiment included BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 and 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha-1 N rates. Seed yield increased significantly in a quadratic fashion with the increase of N rate both in BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29. Application of N fertilizer increased seed yield by about 3-4 t ha-1 compared to control. The highest yield of 5.15 and 6.34 t ha-1 was obtained with 150 kg N ha-1 in BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 respectively. However, the predicted economic optimum doses of N appeared as 156 and 158 kg ha-1 for BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 respectively. Nitrogen application to rice seed crop did not impair seed quality in terms of germination, viability, vigour and seed color. The seed N concentration ranged from 0.94 to 1.31% in BRRI dhan28 and 0.85 to 1.07% in BRRI dhan29 among different N rates. The seed phosphorus concentration varied from 0.30 to 0.41% in BRRI dhan28 and 0.28 to 0.36% in BRRI dhan29 among different N rates. The seed K varied from 0.23 to 0.27% and 0.20 to 0.23% in BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 respectively, among different N rates. The average seed protein of BRRI dhan28 (6.59%) was significantly higher than that of BRRI dhan29 (5.68%). Seed N and protein content slightly increased with the increase of N rate. Nitrogen application did not influence phosphorus and magnesium content in rice seed. However, seed potassium slightly decreased with the N application.Bangladesh Rice j. 2014, 18(1&2): 24-32

Crop density and seed production of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber). 2. Reproductive components and seed characteristics

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seed Characteristics

The population density and spatial arrangement of plants may influence the productive life and performance characteristics of a perennial grass-seed crop. A study was conducted to determine the effects of the initial density (1.6, 3.1, 6.3, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 plants m−2) and row spacing (20, 40, and 80 cm) of plants on reproductive yield components and seed characteristics of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber), over 3 consecutive production years (1991–1993) in the Peace region of Canada. The weight proportion of cleaned-to-uncleaned seed was 85–86% for the three lowest plant densities and then decreased, as density increased, to 82% at 12.5 plants m−2 and 66% at 100 plants m−2. The 1000-seed weight decreased as density increased and ranged from 1.68 to 2.22 g (i.e., 595 000 to 450 000 seeds kg−1). The specific seed weight ranged from 18 to 31 kg hL−1; it differed among years, but the effect of plant density was inconsistent. The germination capacity of the seed was unaffected by plant density, but differed among years; it averaged 87%, 88% and 59% in 1991, 1992 and 1993, respectively. The seed yield/plant, the number of panicles/plant, and the number of seeds/plant decreased exponentially as plant density increased. The number of clean seeds/panicle decreased, as plant density increased, in the first year but was less affected subsequently, particularly with the 20-cm row spacing. The seed yield was correlated closely with the number of panicles m−2 (r = 0.659***). An initial density no greater than 25 plants m−2 in rows spaced 20–40 cm apart enhanced seed quality by producing a greater proportion of clean seed which had a higher 1000-seed weight. Such a plant density, however, is at the low end of the optimum range for maximizing seed yield per unit land area. Key words: Tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreber, population density, plant and row spacing, yield components, seed quality

scholarly journals Influence of four successive annual applications of elemental S and sulphate-S fertilizers on yield, S uptake and seed quality of canola

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhi
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
S Fertilizers

The effectiveness of elemental S fertilizers in increasing crop yield in S-deficient soils depends on the rate at which S is oxidized to sulphate in soil for plant uptake. A 4-yr field experiment (1999 to 2002) was conducted with canola (Brassica napus L. or Brassica rapa L.) on a S-deficient loamy sand Gray Luvisol soil near Tisdale in northeastern Saskatchewan to determine the effectiveness of elemental S and sulphate-S fertilizers applied annually at different times and S rates on seed and straw yield, oil and protein concentration in seed, concentration and uptake of S in seed and straw, amount of residual sulphate-S in soil, and recovery of applied S in plant, soil and plant + soil. The S fertilizer treatments included granular types of two bentonite -elemental S fertilizers (ES-90 and ES-95), one sulphate-S (ammonium sulphate), one containing elemental S and sulphate-S (Agrium Plus), and a zero-S control. The S fertilizers were surface-broadcast at 10 or 20 kg S ha-1 rates in the previous autumn or in spring, and incorporated into the soil a few days prior to seeding in May. Canola plants in the zero-S control showed S deficiency in the growing season. Seed yield, straw yield, oil concentration in seed, and S concentration and uptake in seed and straw increased with the sulphate-S fertilizer in all years. There was no significant increase in seed yield from the elemental S fertilizers in 1999, though autumn application tended to give slightly greater seed yield than the spring application. Elemental S fertilizers usually increased seed yield and S uptake significantly over the zero-S control, but yield and S uptake were less than the sulphate-S fertilizer in most cases in 2000, in many cases in 2001 and in some cases in 2002, especially when the S fertilizers were applied in spring. Autumn-applied elemental S usually had greater seed yield and S uptake than the spring-applied elemental S in 2000, 2001 and 2002. On the other hand, autumn-applied ammonium sulphate produced or tended to produce lower seed yield and S uptake than spring-applied ammonium sulphate in some cases. There was little effect of S fertilizer application on protein concentration in seed. In summary, the results indicated that elemental S fertilizers were not effective in increasing canola yield and S uptake on the S-deficient soil in the first year of application. The elemental S fertilizers became effective in the second to fourth year, but seed yield and S uptake were still less than those obtained with sulphate-S fertilizer, particularly when the S fertilizers were applied in spring. The findings suggest the need for research on best management practices to improve effectiveness of elemental S fertilizers. Key words: Canola, elemental and sulphate S fertilizers, oil and protein concentration, seed yield, sulphur uptake

scholarly journals Correlation and path analysis for grain yield and yield components in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Astereki ◽  
Peyman Sharifi ◽  
Masoumeh Pouresmael
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Positive Direct

Chickpea is the second most important pulse crop in the world after dry bean. The aim of this study was to estimate the correlation coefficients and path analysis between seed yield, morphological traits and yield components. Twenty five chickpea genotypes, including advanced lines and commercial varieties, were grown under dryland condition at Brojerd Agricultural Research Station (west of Iran) during two seasons (2012-2013 and 2013-2014). The field experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Combined analysis of variance revealed that the studied genotypes differed significantly in seed yield, days to flowering, days to maturity, flowering period, canopy height, number of pods per plant, biological yield and harvest index. The correlation coefficients indicated that there were significant and positive correlations between seed yield and number of pods per plant and harvest index in two years. Path analysis indicated that days to flowering, days to maturity, canopy height and width, number of pods per plant and flowering period directly and indirectly affected seed yield. Therefore, this study suggested that chickpea improvement program could be based on these traits, especially number of pods per plant and canopy height, according to positive direct effect on seed yield over two years, as selection criteria.

Analysis of variances and mean performance in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
Rajendra Kumar ◽  
Amit Tomar ◽  
Mahak Singh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Days To Maturity

The analysis of variance was carried out for nine characters for testing the significance of differences amongst the genotypes. Highly significant differences were recorded among the treatments for all the characters namely, days to flowering, Days to maturity, plant height, length of main raceme, number of siliquae per plant , number of secondary branches per plant, oil content, test weight and seed yield per plant. Analysis of variance further indicated highly significant differences among the parents except. Highly significant differences were also found among F1s for all the nine characters, parent vs. F1s revealed highly significant differences for the characters, plant height, length of main raceme per plant, number of siliquae per plant. Phenotypic coefficients of variance are found higher than genotypic coefficient of variance for both parents and F1.

scholarly journals The Optimum Plant Density for Vigorous Seed Production in Safflower

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
İsmail Özaşık ◽  
Mehmet Demir Kaya ◽  
Engin Gökhan Kulan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Vigorous Seed ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Laboratory Emergence

Seed viability and vigor have been influenced by several factors including soil and climatic conditions, plant nutrition, fertilization, irrigation, plant population and post-harvest storages. The study was conducted to determine the appropriate plant density for vigorous seed production in safflower. The effects of row spacing (14 and 28 cm) and seeding rate (40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 seeds m-2) on yield, yield components and seed quality of safflower were detected in the study. The results showed that increased seeding rates resulted in enhanced seed yield and the highest seed yield was obtained from 14 cm and 200 seed m-2 with 3320 kg ha-1. The row spacing and seeding rate did not cause a significant difference in oil and protein contents. Laboratory emergence, germination after accelerated ageing (AA) and electrical conductivity tests were suitable for determining seed quality among the seed lots, while standard germination, cool and cold tests were not appropriate. The highest laboratory emergence percentage and germination after AA were determined in 80 seed m-2 but field emergence percentage in 120 seed m-2. It was concluded that the 14 cm row spacing and seeding rate of 120 seed m-2 should be advised for high yielding seed production regardless of seed vigor in safflower.

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