Camptothecin production in Camptotheca acuminata cultured hydroponically and with nitrogen enrichments

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanhai Li ◽  
Zhijun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Camptotheca Acuminata ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
High Concentrations

Camptothecin (CPT), produced by Camptotheca acuminata Decaisne (Nyssaceae), is becoming a therapeutically important compound, and the demand for CPT is increasing dramatically. Feasibility of CPT production from C. acuminata in hydroponic culture was studied. As nitrogen (N) is required for the biosynthesis of the alkaloid CPT, CPT production in C. acuminata was studied in response to enrichments of 7.5, 15.0, 22.5, or 30.0 mM N in the culture medium. High concentrations of CPT were found in leaves of plants in hydroponic culture, but the N concentration in the culture medium did not affect tissue CPT concentration, plant weight, plant height, leaf number, lamina dry weight per area, total stem weight, total leaf weight, or total leaf CPT yield (the product of leaf CPT concentration and total leaf dry weight per plant). However, increasing the N concentration in the culture medium reduced leaf length and total root weight. We conclude that C. acuminata CPT production in hydroponic culture is feasible in terms of efficiency for CPT production, and is a potential alternative to culture in the field or in pots, or cell or callus culture, and that a standard low N rate in the culture medium is recommended. Key words: Anti-cancer compound, HPLC, medicinal plant

Effect of NaCl on growth, morphology, and camptothecin accumulation in Camptotheca acuminata seedlings

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanhai Li and ◽  
Zhijun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Camptotheca Acuminata ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Growth Morphology ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Camptotheca Acuminata Seedlings

NaCl salt is shown to increase alkaloid accumulation in some plant species, but creates an extensive problem in plant cultivation. The effect of NaCl on Camptotheca acuminata Decaisne growth, morphology, and camptothecin accumulation (concentration and yield) was studied in a hydroponic culture system. High NaCl levels (above 75 mM) in growth media significantly reduced plant height, weight, leaf number, and leaf length but increased leaf weight. In contrast, low NaCl levels (below 75 mM) only moderately reduced growth and affected morphology. Our results suggest a concentration of 75 mM is the threshold for NaCl to exert a detrimental effect on C. acuminata seedlings. Furthermore, high NaCl levels (above 75 mM) increased camptothecin concentrations both in leaves and roots, whereas low NaCl levels (below 75 mM) had no effect on camptothecin concentrations. However, total leaf camptothecin yield, the product of leaf camptothecin concentration and total leaf dry weight per seedling, decreased with increasing NaCl concentration. There was a negative relationship between plant growth and camptothecin concentration. Our results suggest that high NaCl salinity increases camptothecin concentration, but is not helpful to achieve a high camptothecin yield. Therefore, a salty growth environment should be avoided for camptothecin production. Key words: Alkaloid, anti-cancer plant, HPLC, plant secondary metabolism

scholarly journals Tanggap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kopi Robusta (Coffea Robusta L.) Terhadap Berbagai Media Tanam Dan Frekuensi Penyiraman

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Karlina Br Sembiring ◽  
Rosita Sipayung ◽  
Irsal
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Fresh Root

Massive breeding is often the case with the availability of the amount of water that can be stored on the media. The aim of this research is to know the influence of media and the frequency of watering on the growth of robusta coffee seedlings and to find the best media and optimum watering frequency. This experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan from June to September 2017. The experimental method used was Factorial Randomized Block Design with 2 treatment factors, ie 1: planting medium ie, topsoil ; topsoil: sand (2: 1); topsoil: rice husk (2: 1), topsoil: charcoal husk (2: 1) and factor 2: watering frequency ie, watered once a day; watered every 4 days; watered 7 days and watered once every 10 days. The variable was plant height, stem diameter, total leaf number, total leaf area, fresh crown weight, canopy dry weight, fresh root weight, root dry weight, longest root, and canopy and root ratio. The results showed that planting media treatment had a significant effect on plant height variables, stem diameter increase, leaf number, total leaf area, fresh crown weight, canopy dry weight, fresh root weight, root dry weight, and root canopy ratio. The best treatment of planting medium was found in topsoil treatment: rice husk (2: 1). The treatment of watering frequency had a significant effect on the stem diameter 2 - 12 of the week after planting move observation variable, total leaf area, fresh crown weight, dry crown weight, fresh root weight, and dry weight of roots. The best treatment frequency of watering hose is watering every 4 days. The interaction between the two treatments had a significant effect on the diameter of the stem diameter variable, the total leaf area and the fresh weight of the canopy.

Application of Fine Bubble Generator on the Hydroponic System of Nutrient Film Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Lukito Hasta Pratopo ◽  
Ahmad Thoriq ◽  
Rizky Mulya Sampurno ◽  
I Made Joni
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Fine Bubble

Dissolved oxygen in water is one of the factors affecting plant growth in the hydroponic nutrient film technique system. The fine bubble generator technique allows the provision of high dissolved oxygen levels in water with fine bubble size and prolonged water existence. The experiment was conducted to observe the effect of fine bubbles on choy sum plant growth. Plant growth parameters including leaf length (Pd), leaf width (Ld), plant height (Tt), number of leaves (Jd), and root weight (Ba) were measured every two days while the total plant weight was measured at harvest. Nutritional water quality and microclimate were controlled using internet of things (IoT) based sensors every 5 minutes. The research data were processed using descriptive analysis. The results showed that the use of fine bubbles increased the electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and total dissolved solids (TDS). On the contrary, the nutrient solution’s temperature increased, thus reducing the total dissolved oxygen content. The yields showed that the choy sum plant growth using fine bubbles application weighed 1.71 kg (5 samples) better than the control 1.35 kg.

scholarly journals Effect of Salinity on Growth, Xylem Structure and Anatomical Characteristics of Soybean

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aria DOLATABADIAN ◽  
Seyed Ali Mohammad MODARRES SANAVY ◽  
Faezeh GHANATI
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Xylem Structure ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
High Level

This research was conducted in order to evaluation the salinity stress effect on growth parameters and stem anatomical changes of soybean grown under controlled conditions. Soybean seeds were surface sterilized and then sown into plastic pots filled up with perlite and vermiculite. Seeds were irrigated with Broughton and Dilworth solution daily. At full folded cotyledons stage (5 day after sowing), salinity stress was induced by adding NaCl into nutrition solution with final concentration of 0, 25, 50 and 100 mM. Thirty days after sowing plants were harvested and growth parameters and anatomical changes were evaluated. The results showed that, salinity stress was significantly decreased shoot and root weight either fresh weight or dry weight, in addition, total plant weight, plant height and leaf number were decreased due to salinity stress. Interestingly, leaf area was not affected by salinity stress. Stem microscopic study demonstrated that, salinity stress significantly increased cutin mass and trichome density on epidermal cells. On the other hand, cortex thickness was decreased because of salinity stress while xylem thickness had upward increase when soybean plants were grown under salinity stress especially high level of salinity. Additionally, there were changed in xylem formation and arrangement in stressed plants.

scholarly journals Pengaruh konsentrasi Si biogenic dan N-total terhadap pertumbuhan dan konsentrasi nitrat tanaman selada hidroponik

Jurnal Agro ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-141
Author(s):  
Salamet Ginandjar ◽  
Budy Frasetya Taufik Qurrohman ◽  
Panji Rahmatullah
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Total N ◽  
Rice Husk Silica ◽  
Fresh Plant ◽  
N Concentration

Tanaman selada merupakan sayuran yang dikonsumsi dalam bentuk segar. Karakteristiknya sebagai tanaman akumulator nitrat perlu diimbangi pemupukan N dan aplikasi Silika (Si) sesuai kebutuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari interaksi ekstrak silika sekam padi (ESSP) dan N-total, serta memperoleh konsentrasi  ESSP dan N-total yang tepat untuk menghasilkan panen selada yang tinggi tetapi aman bagi kesehatan. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial, faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi ESSP (0 ppm, 30 ppm, 60 ppm, 90 ppm) dan faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi N-total (100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm), setiap kombinasi perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Parameter yang diamati yaitu tinggi tanaman 35 hari setelah tanam (HST), luas daun, berat kering tanaman, berat segar tanaman, kandungan nitrat pada daun selada. Data dianalisis dengan analisis varians taraf 5% dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan pada taraf nyata 5%, sedangkan parameter kandungan nitrat dianalisis secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis varians konsentrasi ESSP dan konsentrasi N-total berinteraksi pada tinggi tanaman dan berpengaruh mandiri terhadap berat kering tanaman dan berat segar tanaman. Aplikasi ekstrak silika sekam padi 30 ppm meningkatkan hasil panen 28% lebih tinggi dan menurunkan 12% kandungan nitrat tanaman selada pada N total 100-300 ppm.AbstractLettuce is a freshly consumed vegetable. Its characteristics as a nitrate accumulator plant need to be balanced with N fertilization and Silica (Si) applications according to the plant required. This research aimed to study the interaction between rice husk silica extract (ESSP) and total N to obtain the right ESSP and total N concentrations to produce high yield lettuce and safely consumed it. This study used a factorial completely randomized design. The first factor was ESSP concentrations (0 ppm, 30 ppm, 60 ppm, 90 ppm) and the second factor was total N concentrations (100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm). Each treatment combination was repeated 3 times. The parameters observed were plant height in 35 days after planting, leaf area, plant dry weight, fresh plant weight, and nitrat e content in lettuce leaves. The  data  were  analyzed  by analysis of variance at the 5%, and post-test by DMRT at the 5% significant level, the nitrate content used descriptive analysis. Based on the analysis of variance, ESSP concentration and total N concentration interacted on plant height. The ESSP concentration and total N concentration independently affected plant dry weight and fresh plant weight. Application of 30 ppm rice husk silica extract increased 28% higher yield and decreased 12% nitrate content of lettuce plants at N-total of 100-300 ppm.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN MEDIA ALTERNATIVE (DIAPERS) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN CABAI

Jurnal Agrium ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Safrizal Safrizal ◽  
Nazimah Nazimah ◽  
Rina Resssi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Home Garden ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Different Response

Red chili is a major vegetable both in Indonesia and abroad due to its benefits to the needs of nutrition and health through cooking spices. Utilization of home garden yard is an effective way to cultivate pepper plants. On the other hand, every household produces household waste which is difficult to decompose for instance diapers, so that it can cause environmental pollution in long-term. This study was conducted to investigate the role of planting media such as diapers of on chili growth. The results showed that the use of diapers of diapers as planting media gave no significant different to plant height at 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16 week after application.  It also did not increase the number of leaves at the age of 1, 7, 10, 13 and 16 week after application.  There were no changes in leaf length at ages 1, 4, 7, 10 and 16 week after application. It also happened to also its leaf width at ages 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16 week after application and number of branches at ages 1, 4, 7, 13 and 16 week after aplication. However, it showed a significant different to the number of leaves at age 4 week after planting and its leaf length at age 13 week after planting.   The interaction of using diapers as planting media gave significantly different response to root number, root length, wet root weight and plant canopy, and dry weight roots and plant canopy.

scholarly journals Soft wood grafting - A novel and rapid multiplication technique in Coorg mandarin (Citrus reticulate Blanco)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
B M Muralidhara ◽  
IN Doreyappa Gowda
Keyword(s):  
Plant Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Rapid Multiplication ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Graft Success ◽  
Citrus Reticulate

Coorg mandarin is commercially multiplied by shield or T budding. The process of shield budding will takes eighteen to twenty months for the production of quality planting material. Hence present experiment was conducted to standardize soft wood grafting in Coorg mandarin to reduce the nursery phase for rapid multiplication of quality planting materials. In this study, two to three months old terminal shoots of Coorg mandarin were grafted on one, two, three and four months old rootstocks of Rangpur lime.The soft wood grafting on three and four months old rootstocks were recorded cent per cent graft success and higher plant survivability (98%) and minimum was noticed in one month old rootstocks. The plant height (45.77 cm), plant girth (0.60 cm), number of leaves per plant (42.9), number of side shoots per plant (5.65), root length (33.15 cm) and root spread (8.29 cm)were also found maximum on four months old root stocks followed by three month old rootstocks. Age of rootstocks have significant difference (P=0.05) for plant weight, shoot weight and root weight in both fresh and dry weight basis.The above findings revealed that, four months old rootstocks are more suitable for soft wood grafting in terms of graft success and plant traits. Soft wood grafting can be gainfully exploited for rapid multiplication of good quality planting material by reducing the nursery phase.

Root and shoot growth, and water and light use efficiency of barley and wheat crops grown on a shallow duplex soil in a mediterranean-type environment

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Gregory ◽  
D Tennant ◽  
RK Belford
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Use Efficiency

Growth, interception of radiation and water use of three genotypes of barley (Beecher, O'Connor and Syrian) and one of wheat (Gutha) were measured on a duplex soil at East Beverley, W.A. All crops received 11 kg P ha-1 with the seed but no nitrogen fertilizer. Growth was initially slow until 69 days after sowing (das) with only small and inconsistent differences between crops. Thereafter, Beecher and O'Connor grew faster than Syrian and Gutha, maintained growth for longer, and at harvest weighed about 7.5 t ha-1 shoot dry matter, while Syrian and Gutha were about 5.0 t ha-1. Total root weight and length of Gutha increased until anthesis but reached their maxima at 83 das in all barley crops. Root weight as a percentage of total plant weight was about 40% during the winter decreasing to about 15% by anthesis. Root distributions of Beecher and O'Connor were similar but different from those of Syrian and Gutha; the former had up to 25% of the total root length at anthesis below 40 cm, but the latter had only about 5%. Dry matter production was linearly related to the amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intercepted, although the relations showed a break at about the time of flag leaf emergence, and efficiencies of conversion of PAR to dry matter were higher prior to this than after. Efficiencies for the barley crops were similar (about 2 g total dry weight MJ-1 before flag leaf emergence) and about 20% greater than for Gutha. Despite the large differences in dry matter production between crops, evapotranspiration (ET) was similar. For Beecher and O'Connor, evaporation E was about 40% of seasonal ET but for Syrian and Gutha it was about 50%. Values of water use efficiency (about 30 kg shoot ha-1 mm-1 for Beecher and OIConnor and 20 kg ha-1 mm-1 for Syrian and Gutha) were similar to other cereal crops and the amount of shoot dry matter per unit of water transpired for barley crops grown in W.A., U.K. and Syria was nearly constant; the value of the 'crop specific constant' was 3.0 Pa.

scholarly journals Concentration and Timing of Ethephon Drench Applications Interact to Affect Growth and Flowering of Containerized Angelonia and Geranium

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1542-1546
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Currey ◽  
Kenneth G. McCabe ◽  
Kellie J. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Lateral Growth ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Effective Growth

Ethephon drenches have been reported to effectively control growth of containerized bedding plants. However, previous researchers have indicated that the effects of ethephon drenches on growth and flowering may differ depending on the timing of applications. Our objectives were to quantify the effects of ethephon concentration, timing of substrate drench application, and their interaction on the growth, size, and flowering of two annual bedding plants. Angelonia (Angelonia angustifolia) and geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum), seedlings were planted in 10.2-cm-diameter containers filled with a commercial, soilless growing substrate composed of (by vol.) 75% sphagnum peatmoss, and 25% perlite. Five, 10, 15, or 20 days after transplanting seedlings, 70-mL aliquots containing 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg·L−1 ethephon were applied as substrate drenches. Species varied in their growth and flowering responses to ethephon concentration, drench application timing, and their interaction. For angelonia, flowering was delayed most with early applications and high concentrations, and delay was diminished with later applications. Angelonia height was unaffected by late applications, though lateral growth was suppressed 20 days after transplant with 200 mg·L−1 ethephon. Flowering of geranium was only delayed when ethephon was applied 5 days after transplanting, whereas flowering, vegetative height, and shoot dry weight were affected more by earlier applications and higher concentrations. Width and root weight were only affected by ethephon concentration, with growth suppression increasing as concentrations increased. Ethephon is an effective growth regulator when applied as a substrate drench. However, the degree of activity and resulting impact on flowering, size, and growth is influenced by the interaction between ethephon concentrations and the timing of drench applications after transplanting.

scholarly journals Plant growth promotion effect of plasma activated water on Lactuca sativa L. cultivated in two different volumes of substrate

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasile Stoleru ◽  
Radu Burlica ◽  
Gabriela Mihalache ◽  
Delicia Dirlau ◽  
Silvica Padureanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Nitrates Content ◽  
Plasma Activated Water

AbstractPlasma activated water (PAW) can represent an alternative to chemical fertilizers in agriculture. The effects of PAW treatment applied in two concentrations (1.5 or 3.0 mg L−1 NO3−) on some morphological, physiological, biochemical parameters and yield of Lactuca sativa L. grown in two different pot volumes (400 or 3200 cm3) were investigated in this study. The results showed that both PAW concentrations did not influence the germination, once the process was initiated. Positive effects of the treatments were registered on the length of radicle and hypocotyls of lettuce at a concentration of 1.5 mg L−1 NO3− (PAW I), the chlorophyll content was significantly increased at a concentration of 3.0 mg L−1 NO3− (PAW II) and bigger pot volume, also the foliar weight and area. No significant differences between the treated and untreated plants were recorded for the root weight, leaf length and width. The dry weight was significantly higher for the lettuce treated with PAW I and II grown in big volume pots at 57 days after transplanting (DAT) and small volume pots at 64 DAT. The nitrites content of the lettuce grown in big pots was lower than of the lettuce grown in small pots, regardless of the PAW treatment. Contrary, the nitrates content was higher in the lettuce grown in big pots (up to 36.4 mg KNO3/g DW), compared to small pots (under 0.3 mg KNO3/g DW).

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