Response of kabuli chickpea to seed size and planting depth

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. T. Gan ◽  
P. R. Miller ◽  
C. L. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Planting Depth ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Small Seed

The use of small seed can reduce the production costs of kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) 15 to 25% by reducing the amount of seed needed per unit area, but little is known about the effects of seed size on stand establishment, plant growth, and seed yield in semiarid environments. We conducted a field study in southwest Saskatchewan from 1998 to 2000 and determined the chickpea responses to seed size under different planting depths. Crops grown from small (7.1–9.0 mm) diameter seed required the same number of days to emerge (16.7 d) and mature (106 d) as those from large (9.1–11.0 mm) diameter seed. There were no differences in plant establishment, shoot dry weight, pod production, or seed yield between the two seed sizes when planted at a 50-mm depth. However, the small-seeded crop produced 7% lower plant stand, 4% lower seed yield, and 3% less seed 1799-mm diameter compared to the large-seeded crop when planted at a 100-mm depth (P < 0.05). Large-seed ed chickpea plants were 20 mm (4%) taller, and the height of the lowest pods from the soil surface was 11 to 13 mm (5%) higher than those from the small seed, suggesting an improvement of harvestability. In general, planting depth did not affect seedling emergence, shoot dry weight, or seed yield, but when small seed was used, chickpea sown at the 50-mm depth increased seed yield by 6% compared to that at the 100-mm depth. Kabuli chickpea produced an average of >20 pods plant-1, with 77% of them containing one seed per pod, 10% with two seeds per pod, and the remainder containing no seed; this ratio of pod fertility was independent of seed size or planting depth. Our results indicate that the use of small seed and shallow planting can reduce the production costs of chickpea by $31 to $52 ha-1 without a seed yield penalty. This level of saving in production far exceeds the otherwise increased value of $4 to $6 ha-1 with the use of large seed which produces a higher (3%) proportion of ≥ 9-mm diameter seed. Key words: Seedling emergence, seed mass, pod production, Cicer arietinum L.

Selection for seed size and its impact on grain yield and quality in kabuli chickpea

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Gan ◽  
P. Jayakumar ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
C. L. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality

Seed cost is a major input expense for the production of kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) due to its large seed size. Use of small seeds could reduce production costs because a lower volume of seeds would be needed per unit area. This study determined the effects of seed size, and selective use of small seeds, year after year, on the field performance of kabuli chickpea in Swift Current, Saskatchewan from 2000 to 2003. Separated large (9.1–11.0 mm diameter) and small (8.1–9.0 mm) seeds of certified CDC Xena were compared with the original, unseparated seeds during the 4-yr study period. Also, small seeds separated from small-seeded previous crops and large seeds separated from large-seeded previous crops were compared with the respective generations of unseparated seeds. Year significantly affected plant biomass, seed yield, and the proportion of ≥ 9-mm-diameter seeds (9DSeeds) in the harvested seed lot, and crops grown from large and small seeds separated from the original seed lot (i.e., 1st year of separation) did not differ in a given year. The 2nd year of selection for small seeds affected seed yield and 9DSeeds, although the effect was minimal. With 3 consecutive years of selection, small seeds lowered seed yield by 23% and decreased 9DSeeds by 10% compared with the unseparated seeds. Selective use of large seeds improved biomass, but did not increase seed yield or 9DSeeds compared with the unseparated seeds. Small seeds of a certified kabuli cultivar can be selectively used for up to 2 consecutive years before incurring a yield penalty, but the use of small seeds will decrease the percentage of large seeds in the harvested seed lot. Key words: Seed weight, selection pressure, Cicer arietinum L.

An early transient water deficit reduces flower number and pod production but increases seed size in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.-W. Fang ◽  
N. C. Turner ◽  
F.-M. Li ◽  
K. H. M. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Seed Growth

Terminal drought is known to decrease flower production, increase flower and pod abortion, and decrease yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), but the effects of early-season drought have not been evaluated. The influence of an early transient water deficit on flower and pod production and abortion, and seed yield and its components was evaluated in two chickpea cultivars, Rupali, a desi type, and Almaz, a kabuli type. Thirty-six-day-old plants were subjected to: (i) a transient water deficit by withholding water for 35 days, and then rewatered (WS), and (ii) kept well watered (WW) throughout. In the WS treatment the soil water content, leaf relative water content and leaf photosynthetic rate decreased after water was withheld and, following rewatering, recovered to the WW level. Despite the WS treatment being imposed at different phenological stages in the two cultivars, WS reduced flower number per plant by ~50% in Rupali and Almaz, respectively, compared with the WW plants. In WW plants, ~15% of flowers aborted in both cultivars, and 42 and 67% of the pods aborted in Rupali and Almaz, respectively, whereas in WS plants, 18 and 23% of flowers aborted and 27 and 67% of pods aborted in Rupali and Almaz, respectively. While seed growth in WS plants of Rupali and Almaz occurred primarily after the plants were rewatered, the duration of seed growth decreased by 17 and 36 days, the maximum rate of seed filling increased by 3 times and 5 times, and seed size increased by 26 and 16%, respectively, compared with the WW plants. Seed yield per plant in WS plants decreased by 31% in Rupali and 38% in Almaz compared with the WW controls. The early transient water deficit decreased flower production, but improved flower and pod development; increased the rate of seed growth and increased final seed size; and had a smaller effect on seed yield compared with chickpea subjected to terminal drought.

Influence of Planting Depth and Application Timing onS-metolachlor Injury in Sesame (Sesamum indicumL.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 958-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin P. Sperry ◽  
Jason A. Ferrell ◽  
Ramon G. Leon ◽  
Diane L. Rowland ◽  
Michael J. Mulvaney
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Planting Depth ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Total Seed

Two experiments were conducted in 2015 at multiple locations in Florida to evaluate the effects of planting depth and application timing onS-metolachlor injury in sesame. In both studies, sesame responded negatively to increases inS-metolachlor rate. Altering sesame planting depth did not provide increased safety to PRES-metolachlor applications. Sesame establishment declined with increased planting depth, likely because of the physical inability of the small seed to emerge from the 3.8-cm depth. Delaying applications ofS-metolachlor by 3 or 6 d after planting (DAP) consistently improved sesame establishment. Applications 3 and 6 DAP resulted in 89 to 92% seedling emergence at 2 wk after planting (WAP), relative to 55 to 63% emergence whenS-metolachlor was applied the day of planting (0 DAP) or 3 days before (−3 DAP), respectively. Applications 3 DAP resulted in 21 and 2% plant stunting when evaluated 3 and 6 WAP, respectively, whereas all other timings caused 25 to 51% stunting. Yield was reduced 22 and 33% by the −3 DAP and 0 DAP application timings, respectively, whereas no reduction in yield was observed by the delayed application timings. Therefore, delaying applications ofS-metolachlor by 3 to 6 days will likely result in improved sesame seedling establishment and total seed yield.

scholarly journals Trichoderma bioinoculant improves seedling emergence plant growth and seed yield of Camelina sativa (L) Crantz

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
D.R.W. Kandula ◽  
H. Alizadeh ◽  
C.S.P. Teixiera ◽  
D. Gale ◽  
A. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Soilborne Pathogen ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Integrated Crop Management ◽  
Generation Biofuel

Camelina sativa seedling emergence and plant growth can be reduced by the soilborne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani The effect of a mixture of Trichoderma atroviride isolates applied in granule and prill formulations at a rate equivalent to 15 kg/ha on two varieties of C sativa (Suneson and 4164) was evaluated in glasshouse experiments using R solani infested soil The bioinoculant treatments significantly increased seedling emergence by 3060 and increased total shoot and root dry weight by 48 fold over that of the untreated control In a field experiment in 20122013 using C sativa variety 4164 the prill formulation of the bioinoculant was applied at sowing Seedling emergence was not significantly increased but shoot dry weight was increased by 20 and seed yield was increased by 25 by the bioinoculant treatment over that of the control Trichoderma bioinoculants may have a role in the integrated crop management of this second generation biofuel crop

The effect of seed size, seed treatment, seeding date and depth on Rhizoctonia seedling blight of canola

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
H. U. Ahmed ◽  
G. D. Turnbull ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
S. E. Strelkov
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
The Impact

Hwang, S. F., Ahmed, H. U., Turnbull, G. D., Gossen, B. D. and Strelkov, S. E. 2014. The effect of seed size, seed treatment, seeding date and depth on Rhizoctonia seedling blight of canola. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 311–321. Rhizoctonia solani can have a substantial impact on seedling establishment and productivity of canola (Brassica napus). The effects of seeding date, seeding depth, seed size, and seed treatment on seedling blight of canola were evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions. Early seeding resulted in higher seedling emergence in one trial year and higher seed yield in all trial years relative to a late-seeded treatment. Mid-sized seed (range 0.7–2.0 mm diam.) had greater seedling emergence in R. solani-inoculated growth medium in a greenhouse trial and higher seed yield in one of two field trials compared with smaller seed (<0.7 mm). In the greenhouse study, sowing of large seed resulted in greater plant height and shoot weight compared with sowing of smaller seed. The effect of seeding depth was significant only on shoot dry weight, which increased at a seeding depth of 2.6 cm. Seed treatment with Helix Xtra (thiamethoxam+difenconazole+metalaxyl+fludioxonil), and Prosper FX (clothianidin+carboxin+trifloxystrobin+metalaxyl) resulted in a significant increase in seedling emergence and yield compared with the inoculated control. These results indicate that fungicidal seed treatment can minimize the impact of R. solani on canola.

scholarly journals Yield and Nutrient Uptake Improvement of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) by Dressing Fertilization and Nitrogen Doses

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Demirbas ◽  
Hasan Durukan ◽  
Tolga Karakoy ◽  
Hesna Pamiralan ◽  
Mustafa Gok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Chickpea Plant

Abstract The present investigation aimed to understand the effects of dressing fertilizers and different nitrogen (N) doses on yield and nutrient uptake of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plant. The study has been carried out with three repetitions under the greenhouse conditions. Nitrogen doses were; 0 kg N ha-1, 30 kg N ha-1, 60 kg N ha-1, 90 kg N ha-1 and 120 kg N ha-1 (in CaNO3.4H2O form) and dressing fertilizers were applied as 40 kg N ha-1. The results indicated that the dressing fertilizer application significantly increased average shoot dry weight with 8.18 g poƒ-1. Also, N (2.88 % N), P (0.40 % P), K (3.90 % K) and Fe (114.2 mg kg-1) concentrations increased with dressing fertilizer application of chickpea plant as compared to without dressing fertilizer application. However, dressing fertilizer application did not affect Mg, Zn, Mn and Cu concentrations of chickpea plant. Generally, in this study dressing fertilizer application increased yield and some macro and microelements concentrations of chickpea plant.

scholarly journals Nodulation pattern and its association with seed yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anindita Roy ◽  
Sanhita Ghosh ◽  
S. Kundagrami
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Nodule Size ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
Different Sources

The present research was designed to ascertain some new high yielding chickpea germplasms with associated desirable nodulation pattern. Evaluation of sixty chickpea germplasms collected from different sources were assessed at Calcutta University’s experimental farm during rabi season for four consecutive years from which twenty five were selected as high yielding germplasms. These high yielding germplasms were chosen to evaluate the nodulation pattern at various physiological stages under field conditions. In all three physiological stages, highly significant differences were observed for the traits like the number of nodules plant-1, nodule fresh weight, nodule dry weight and seed yield plant-1 except nodule size. Positive and significant genotypic associations were found between numbers of nodule plant-1, nodule fresh weight, nodule dry weight with seed yield plant-1. Digbijoy, CUSL4 and CUML4 could be considered as worthy resources in future due to high nodulation pattern and presence of active nitrogenase enzymes at pod initiation stage.

Role of irrigation and mulch in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) growth, productivity and moisture extraction pattern in Alluvial Zone of West Bengal, India

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sarkar ◽  
A. Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Plant Water Use ◽  
Extraction Pattern ◽  
Use Efficiency

A field experiment was conducted at Research farm, BCKV, West Bengal during rabi 2010-11 and 2011-12 to evaluate the effect of irrigation and mulch on growth, nodulation, yield and water use efficiency of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Chickpea irrigated at IW/CPE of 0.6 showed 7.14% and 23.53% higher seed yield compared to IW/CPE of 0.4 (0.98 t/ha) and Rainfed (0.85 t/ha), respectively and was significantly superior. Maximum seed yield of about 1.01 t/ha under the treatment receiving black polythene mulch, which was about 3.59%, 7.45% and 9.78% higher over the treatments receiving straw @ 5 t/ha, water hyacinth @ 5 t/ha and no mulch, respectively. Straw mulch @ 5 t/ha performed best regarding nodule dry weight and number per plant. Water use efficiency was highest with rainfed treatment and treatment receiving black polythene. Irrigation applied at IW/CPE of 0.6 maintained its superiority with highest net return, B:C, production and economic efficiency. Among mulches, highest return, B:C and efficiencies were recorded with the application of black polythene.

Effect of variations in seed size and planting depth on emergence, infertile plants, and grain yield of spring wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Gan ◽  
E. H. Stobbe
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Planting Depth ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Key Words Seed Size

Crop yield can be improved by minimizing plant-to-plant variability in seedling emergence. A study was conducted to determine the effect of variations in seed size and planting depth within a plot on emergence, proportion of infertile plants and grain yield in hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Large seed (40.8 mg kernel−1) was hand planted at 25-, 50- and 75-mm depths, creating three uniform seed size - planting depth treatments. Three other treatments consisted of repeating patterns within the same row: three large seeds and one small seed (23.4 mg kernel−1) at each of 25-, 50- and 75-mm depths. Two additional treatments consisted of 1) three seeds planted 25 mm deep and one seed planted 50 mm deep and 2) three seeds planted 25 mm deep and one seed planted 75 mm deep within the same row. Variation in seed size or planting depth within a row had no impact on percentage emergence, but nonuniform planting depth increased the proportion of infertile plants, mainly as a result of late-emerging plants. On a single-plant basis, mainstem grain yields were relatively uniform, but tiller grain yields were highly variable. When small and large seeds were planted 75 mm deep within a plot, the small-seeded plants produced 34% lower tiller grain yield than neighbouring large-seeded plants, while the large-seeded plants produced 10% higher tiller grain yield than plants from a treatment in which only large seeds were planted. Thus, the variation in seed size within a plot had no impact on total grain yield per plot. When seed was planted at variable depths within a plot, grain yield per plant produced by deep-seeded (75 mm) plants was only 20% of that produced by neighbouring shallow-seeded (25 mm) plants and was only 26% of that produced by plants where all seeds were planted deep (75 mm). Within-plot variation in planting depth increased the proportion of infertile plants (up to 158%) and decreased the grain yield. To maximize grain yield in hard red spring wheat, seed should be planted at uniform, shallow planting depth. Key words: Seed size, planting depth, emergence, fertile plants, interplant variation

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