Seasonal-accumulated growth and forage quality of range grasses for fall and winter grazing

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Jensen ◽  
Douglas A. Johnson ◽  
Kay H. Asay ◽  
Kenneth C. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Northern Utah ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
Range Grasses

The production and subsequent feeding of forage during winter is a major expense for livestock producers. Fourteen perennial range forage grasses including crested wheatgrass (WG) [Agropyron cristatum and A. desertorum] , intermediate WG [Thinopyrum intermedium], tall WG [T. ponticum], quackgrass [Elytrigia repens] × bluebunch WG [Pseudoroegneria spicata] RS hybrids, Altai [Leymus angustus] wildrye (WR), basin [L. cinereus] WR, smooth bromegrass [Bromus inermis], and orchardgrass [Dactylis glomerata] were evaluated from 1992 to 1994 for total dry matter (DM) production (November harvest only), crude protein (CP), neutral (NDF), and acid (ADF) detergent fiber from November through March in northern Utah. Mean species DM production rankings (P < 0.01) combined across years were: RS hybrids > smooth bromegrass > basin WR > Altai WR > intermediate WG > orchardgrass > tall WG > crested WG. Mean species CP rankings (P < 0.01) combined across years and harvests were tall WG > intermediate WG > orchardgrass > RS hybrids > crested WG > Altai WR > basin WR > smooth bromegrass. Levels of CP remained constant from November through March for all species and entries. Trends in NDF and ADF remained constant from November through January, but NDF increased slightly in March. Crude protein of the dormant grasses was below the level necessary to maintain ruminal function so protein supplementation would be necessary. Key words: Range grasses, winter forage quality, yield, extending the grazing season

scholarly journals Effect of different agronomical measures on yield and quality of autumn saved herbage during winter grazing – 2nd communication: Crude protein, energy and ergosterol concentration

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. OPITZ VON BOBERFELD ◽  
K. BANZHAF ◽  
F. HRABE ◽  
J. SKLADANKA ◽  
S. KOZLOWSKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
Adequate Quantity

In addition to the results published in the first communication (Opitz von Boberfeld et al., 2006) this paper presents crude protein, energy (ME) and ergosterol concentrations of autumn saved herbage at different sites in Central Germany, Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic. Within these sites, the influence of the factors pre-utilisation and winter harvest date was tested over three consecutive years. Related to the different climatic conditions of the sites, crude protein concentrations of the growths pre-utilised in July varied from 149 g/kg in November to 134 g/kg of dry matter (DM) in January. The influence of climatic conditions was different on each location and varied depending on the year. Generally, the consistent effect of the factor &ldquo;site&rdquo; related to altitude could not be observed. While the energy concentrations decreased with advancing winter and partly reached the values below 6 MJ&nbsp;ME/kg of DM in January, the ergosterol concentrations increased. The results demonstrate that under Central European conditions autumn saved herbage, pre-utilised in July, could provide adequate quantity and quality for suckler cows until December. Afterwards, the utilisation of preserved forages becomes essential. &nbsp;

Forage quality and use of reforested habitats by snowshoe hares

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 2080-2083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon L. Rogowitz
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Snowshoe Hares ◽  
Conifer Plantations ◽  
Browse Species

The forage quality of habitats associated with mature conifer plantations and the use of these habitats by resident snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) were evaluated. The winter forage of hares was composed of deciduous stems that were predominantly low in protein content and not preferred. The crude protein content of the principal browse species, Viburnum dentatum, was only 4.6–6.4% during winter months. However, snowshoe hares feeding on the low-protein browse maintained their body weight. The intake of protein was maximized by the consumption of stem ends, which compensated for the low-protein forage. Use of habitat by snowshoe hares was closely related to the vegetative cover but did not correlate well with forage availability. Sites preferred by hares had a well-developed overstory (mature spruce) but only sparsely available forage during the winter. Thickets of early-successional deciduous vegetation had high use and contained most of the low-protein browse.

scholarly journals The effect of utilization term on the biomass production, organic matter digestibility and ergosterol content of semi-natural grass stand in the autumn and in winter

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Jiří Skládanka
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Natural Grass ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Autumn And Winter

The biomass of dry matter (DM) and forage quality of a  grass pasture in the  Bohemian-Moravian Highlands (Czech Republic), situated at an altitude of 553 m a.s.l., was measured in late autumn and in winter in the  period from 2000 to 2003. The semi-natural grass pasture was dominated by Festuca rubra, Taraxacum officinale, Elytrigia repens, Dactylis glomerata, Trisetum flavescens, Poa spp., Agrostis tenuis and Phleum pratense. Biomass production and forage quality were measured in November, December and January after one preparatory cut in June or two preparatory cuts in June and July, and in June and August. Biomass of DM decreased from November to January and ranged, depending on the  year and the  number of preparatory cuts, from 0.37–3.13  t  ha – 1 in November to 0.15–1.36  t  ha – 1 in January. The biomass of DM decreased the  later the  preparatory cut. Organic matter digestibility decreased from November to January, ranging from 0.448–0.606 in November to 0.352–0.578 in January. A delayed preparatory cut resulted in an increased digestibility. Ergosterol concentration increased with the  progressing autumn and winter, ranging from 40–111  mg  kg – 1 DM in November to 110–265  mg  kg – 1 DM in January. Lower ergosterol concentrations were observed after a  late preparatory cut. The results were statistically analysed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD test. The length of the  main use was observed to have a significant effect on biomass of DM, digestibility of organic matter and ergosterol concentration (P < 0.05) in all three years of the  investigation.

Winter weathering effects on corn grown for grazing in a short-season area

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-341
Author(s):  
V. S. Baron ◽  
H. G. Najda ◽  
D. H. McCartney ◽  
M. Bjorge ◽  
G. W. Lastiwka
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Winter Grazing

Winter grazing can reduce over-winter feeding costs of beef cows and, recently, the selection and marketing of corn (Zea mays L.) varieties for grazing has increased the interest of Alberta beef producers. The objective of this study was to compare grazing corn varieties with early conventional corn hybrids for winter grazing potential. Five corn varieties (one grazing, one short-stature and three conventional types) were compared for whole-plant yield and forage quality at Lacombe and Brooks, AB, at four harvest times (two in September, one in December and one in January), in each of 2 yr. Forage quality analyses were in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM), neutral (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) and crude protein concentration. Averaged over varieties and years, yield decreased (P ≤ 0.05) by 13% between September and January at Lacombe, and by 39 and 16% at Brooks in 1999 and 2000, respectively. At Brooks, yield losses from September to January, averaged over years were 38 to 18% for a grazing and a conventional variety, respectively. At Lacombe, IVDOM concentration declined (P ≤ 0.05) by 6.3 and 3.6% between September and January during 1999 and 2000, respectively; NDF concentration increased (P ≤ 0.05) by 10% over the same interval for both years. At Lacombe there were no differences among varieties for nutritive value by January harvests. Trends for reduced forage quality with harvest were not clear at Brooks but the grazing-type variety had higher (P ≤ 0.05) NDF and ADF concentrations than the other varieties after the first harvest. In general, projected energy and crude protein concentrations of corn during winter exceeded minimum requirements an were adequate, respectively, for non-lactating, pregnant beef cows. Grazing and short stature corn varieties were not superior to early conventional corn genotypes for winter grazing potential. Thus, choice of variety for winter grazing should be made on the basis of cost of production and early maturity. Key words: Weathering, corn, Zea mays L., nutritive value, yield loss, winter grazing potential

Fertilizer Effects on the Quality of White-Tailed Deer Forages on Utility Rights-of-Way

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Richard F. Harlow ◽  
Bruce W. Pinkerton ◽  
David C. Guynn ◽  
James G. William
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

Abstract Deer forages on utility rights-of-way in South Carolina were subjected to six treatments: mow, mow-and-fertilize, burn, burn-and-fertilize, plant-and-fertilize, and control. The influence of these treatments on forage quality was compared seasonally over a 3 yr period. The quality of both native and introduced deer forages was significantly improved seasonally by addition of fertilizer. Planted forages were nutritionally superior to native and naturalized forages that occurred on the unplanted treatments. When the cost per treatment for production of crude protein was compared, the mow-and-fertilize treatment was the most economical. South. J. Appl. For. 17(1):49-53.

scholarly journals Effect of Protein Supplementation in the Bee Apis mellifera L. Exposed to the Agrochemical Fipronil

Sociobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. e5830
Author(s):  
Iloran do Rosário Corrêa Moreira ◽  
Daniel Cavalcante Brambila de Barros ◽  
Juliana Sartori Lunardi ◽  
Ricardo de Oliveira Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Population Development ◽  
Hemolymph Protein

Inadequate quantity and quality of proteins in honey bee diet can cause weakening of their colonies and damage their resistance to agrochemical contamination, such as fipronil, which is highly toxic to bees. Thus, we tested the hypothesis if protein supplementation would improve longevity and locomotion of honeybees exposed to fipronil pesticide. Colonies of Apis mellifera Africanized were distributed into Control Group without protein supplementation and Supplemented Group with 25% crude protein provided as a paste form at 100 g per week. After four weeks, frames with sealed brood were removed and kept in an incubator until the emergence of worker bees, which were marked, returned to their hives and recaptured six days later to measure protein concentration in the hemolymph. The bee population development was measured by evaluating frames containing the queen’s oviposition from each colony. Also, nursing bees were recaptured exposed by contact to fipronil LD50% (0.009 ± 0.003 μg/bee), and the longevity and motor activity were measured. The results showed that the bee swarms protein supplementation promoted a significant increase in the sealed brood area. However, it did not promote changes in the protein content of the hemolymph. Protein supplementation of bee swarms did not influence the survival of bees exposed to fipronil in the locomotion tests; however, fipronil was toxic to bees and promoted changes in the locomotion of bees.

scholarly journals Post-flowering forage potential of spring and winter cereal mixtures

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Baron ◽  
A. C. Dick ◽  
H. G. Najda ◽  
D. F. Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Spring Cereals

Forage quality of small grain cereals harvested after flowering affects animal performance adversely. The feasibility of using mixtures (MX) of spring-planted winter cereals with spring cereals to improve forage quality at the late milk stage of the spring cereal was investigated at Lacombe and Brooks, Alberta during 1987 and 1988. Spring monocrops (SMC) of oats (Avena sativa L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and winter monocrops (WMC) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and winter triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) were compared with binary MX of spring and winter combinations using a randomized complete block design. Dry matter (DM) yield and concentrations of in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM), crude protein, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and lignin were determined. Dry matter yields of MX as a percent of their SMC counterparts ranged from 84 to 99% at Lacombe and from 82 to 113% at Brooks; no crop combination was consistently superior. For forage quality the cropping systems ranked WMC > MX > SMC. The effects of winter wheat and triticale on forage quality in the MX were similar. However, MX containing barley generally had higher IVDOM and lower NDF, ADF and lignin concentrations than those containing oats. At Lacombe and Brooks, IVDOM and crude protein concentrations of the MX were increased by 6.5 and 7.2% and by 21.2 and 23.6%, respectively, while NDF, ADF and lignin concentrations were decreased by 6.7 and 6.5%, 9.9 and 7.5%, 10.9 and 20.4%, respectively, compared with the SMC group. While the extent of compensation is not known the improved forage quality of the MX should partially offset the slight reduction in DM yield compared to the SMC.Key words: Forage potential, forage quality, mixtures, spring cereals, winter cereals

Forage Quality and Animal Performance as Influenced by Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Control in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) with Pronamide

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Dutt ◽  
R. G. Harvey ◽  
R. S. Fawcett ◽  
N. A. Jorgensen ◽  
H. J. Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Supplemental Protein ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Fall applications of pronamide [3,5-dichloro(N-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide] control or suppress quackgrass [Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv.] in established alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.). Studies were initiated to evaluate benefits of pronamide usage in areas where quackgrass is a problem. Alfalfa swards severely infested with quackgrass were treated with pronamide. Forage quality of first cutting alfalfa was significantly improved with pronamide usage, but second and third cutting forage quality was not greatly affected. First cutting hay from pronamide-treated and untreated areas was fed to goats and dairy cows in feeding trials. Animal intake of total forage dry matter, digestible dry matter, and digestible crude protein was increased with pronamide usage. A reduction in need for supplemental protein, an increase in efficiency in dry matter conversion into milk, and a 20% increase in milk production resulted from controlling quackgrass in alfalfa with pronamide.

INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZERS ON FORAGE QUALITY OF GOAT’S RUE AGROCENOSES

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Хисматуллин ◽  
Mars Khismatullin ◽  
Вафин ◽  
Niyaz Vafin ◽  
Вафина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Control Samples

An application of the calculated doses of mineral fertilizers, based on botanical composition of goat’s rue herbage, increases a gross yield of crude protein, crude fat and feed units to 48-57% in comparison with the control samples.

The effect of bovine saliva on growth attributes and forage quality of two contrasting cool season perennial grasses grown in three soils of different fertility

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kerim Gullap ◽  
H. Ibrahim Erkovan ◽  
Ali Koc
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

The aim of this study was to determine the response of Dactylis glomerata L. (Orchardgrass) and Festuca ovina L. (Sheep fescue), to bovine saliva application in a loamy soil (most fertile), a sandy loam and a sandy soil (least fertile). The effects of cutting and cutting + saliva on relative height growth rate (RHGR), above- and belowground biomass and forage quality attributes [crude protein, NDF (neutral detergent fibre) and ADF (acid detergent fibre)] were investigated. The results showed that the cutting and cutting + saliva treatments resulted in greater RHGR than the control, but only with D. glomerata in the sandy soil did the application of saliva increase the RHGR. However, saliva applied after cutting increased the aboveground biomass averaged over all species and all three soils. Saliva applied to D. glomerata increased the belowground biomass in the sandy loam and sandy soils but decreased it in F. ovina in the sandy soil. The application of saliva had no effect on the crude protein or the NDF content of either species in any of the soils. On the other hand, the application of saliva after clipping increased the ADF of F. ovina but decreased that of D. glomerata averaged over all three soils. Averaged over both species, the ADF was increased by the addition of saliva in the sandy soil, had no significant effect in the sandy loam (P > 0.05) and was slightly increased in the loam.

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