The effect of bovine saliva on growth attributes and forage quality of two contrasting cool season perennial grasses grown in three soils of different fertility

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kerim Gullap ◽  
H. Ibrahim Erkovan ◽  
Ali Koc
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

The aim of this study was to determine the response of Dactylis glomerata L. (Orchardgrass) and Festuca ovina L. (Sheep fescue), to bovine saliva application in a loamy soil (most fertile), a sandy loam and a sandy soil (least fertile). The effects of cutting and cutting + saliva on relative height growth rate (RHGR), above- and belowground biomass and forage quality attributes [crude protein, NDF (neutral detergent fibre) and ADF (acid detergent fibre)] were investigated. The results showed that the cutting and cutting + saliva treatments resulted in greater RHGR than the control, but only with D. glomerata in the sandy soil did the application of saliva increase the RHGR. However, saliva applied after cutting increased the aboveground biomass averaged over all species and all three soils. Saliva applied to D. glomerata increased the belowground biomass in the sandy loam and sandy soils but decreased it in F. ovina in the sandy soil. The application of saliva had no effect on the crude protein or the NDF content of either species in any of the soils. On the other hand, the application of saliva after clipping increased the ADF of F. ovina but decreased that of D. glomerata averaged over all three soils. Averaged over both species, the ADF was increased by the addition of saliva in the sandy soil, had no significant effect in the sandy loam (P > 0.05) and was slightly increased in the loam.

Forage quality and use of reforested habitats by snowshoe hares

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 2080-2083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon L. Rogowitz
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Snowshoe Hares ◽  
Conifer Plantations ◽  
Browse Species

The forage quality of habitats associated with mature conifer plantations and the use of these habitats by resident snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) were evaluated. The winter forage of hares was composed of deciduous stems that were predominantly low in protein content and not preferred. The crude protein content of the principal browse species, Viburnum dentatum, was only 4.6–6.4% during winter months. However, snowshoe hares feeding on the low-protein browse maintained their body weight. The intake of protein was maximized by the consumption of stem ends, which compensated for the low-protein forage. Use of habitat by snowshoe hares was closely related to the vegetative cover but did not correlate well with forage availability. Sites preferred by hares had a well-developed overstory (mature spruce) but only sparsely available forage during the winter. Thickets of early-successional deciduous vegetation had high use and contained most of the low-protein browse.

Effect of altitudinal gradient on yield and quality of sub-alpine meadow on the Xiaowutai Mountain in northern China

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-kui Dong, Yuan Jiang ◽  
Quan-ru Liu ◽  
Xiao-xia Huang
Keyword(s):  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Summer Grazing

Herbage yield increased with elevation from 2200 to 2600 m and then declined until 2800 m. Altitude did not affect herbage fat, acid detergent fibre, calcium or sulphur concentrations, but did influence herbage organic matter, crude protein and phosphorus concentrations. It is recommended that livestock should be rotationally grazed along an altitudinal gradient on Xiaowutai Mountain to meet their dry matter (DM) and nutrients requirements in summer grazing systems. Key words: Herbage biomass, crude protein, acid detergent fibre, minerals

A method to differentiate summer-dormant from summer-active tall fescue and orchardgrass accessions at germination stage

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz P. Malinowski ◽  
David P. Belesky ◽  
Betty A. Kramp ◽  
Joyce Ruckle ◽  
Jaime Kigel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Instantaneous Rate ◽  
Validation Test ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Summer Dormancy ◽  
Mediterranean Origin ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Summer-dormant, cool-season perennial grasses are being used in place of traditional, summer-active cultivars for high-quality winter forage. One reason for this change is the ability of cultivars with summer-dormant attributes to tolerate increasing annual temperature, decreasing precipitation, and repeated severe summer droughts. The mechanism of summer dormancy is still not understood in detail. Cultivar development for summer dormancy typically is conducted under field conditions in environments where summer-active types do not survive summer weather conditions. We developed a method based on germination responses to photoperiod to differentiate summer-dormant from summer-active types of tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S. J. Darbyshire] and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). Seed of cultivars with known summer dormancy characteristics was germinated at a constant temperature of 24°C under a range of photoperiods (0–24 h) for 14 days. Total germination, modelled cumulative germination, instantaneous rate of germination, and relative germination (to that in the dark) were analysed. Germination of summer-dormant orchardgrass was similar in the dark and short photoperiods (4–12 h), but it was inhibited by a photoperiod longer than 12 h. Germination of summer-active orchardgrass was promoted by any photoperiod compared with the control (0 h). Short photoperiods (4–12 h) promoted germination of summer-dormant tall fescue, while long photoperiods (>12 h) inhibited germination compared with germination in the dark. Summer-active types of tall fescue did not respond to photoperiod, regardless of length. A validation test using two Mediterranean origin cultivars of orchardgrass with contrasting summer dormancy characteristics and experimental lines of Mediterranean origin tall fescue with known expression of summer dormancy characteristics supported the use of seed germination analysis to differentiate among lines for this trait.

scholarly journals Productivity of mountain bows of the carpathians depending on surface improvement measures

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
V.H. Kyrhak ◽  
U.M. Karbivska ◽  
M.D. Voloshchuk ◽  
V.F. Martyshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Carpathian Mountain ◽  
Surface Improvement

Purpose. To determine the peculiarities of formation of productivity, as well as the chemical composition, nutritional value and energy intensity of grass forage, depending on the measures of surface improvement of the meadows of the Carpathian mountain forest zone. Methods. Field works, laboratory, mathematical-statistical. Results. Productivity of haymaking and perennial mowing fluctuated on the range of 2.15–4.77 t/ha and 1.95–4.11 t/ha during the 3-year research of dry mass yield. Compared to the variants without additional sowing of grasses and fertilizer use, the highest productivity of haymaking was upon the additional sowing of cereal grass mixtures and applying of N60P30K60 – 12 % and 85 %, respectively. Productivity of perennial mowing increased upon the additional sowing of Trifolium repens and applying of P30K60 on 85 % and 111 % respectively. The best uniformity of distribution of biomass crop by slopes was obtained by the use of multifaceted use of creeping clover with the introduction of P30K60, when the proportion of 1st slope was 39%, 2nd - 33 and 3rd – 28% with unevenness, which is expressed by the coefficient variation - 18%. Among the measures of surface improvement on the quality of feed by chemical composition, increasing, first of all, the content of crude protein, influenced by the introduction of N60P30K60 or 15 t / ha of manure, and in the case of multi-grade use - the sowing of clover on the background P30K60. Irrespective of the measures of surface improvement, higher crude protein content, better energy consumption and nutritious nutritional value of feed were characterized by a multi-use (pasture imitation) mode of use than hay. Conclusions. For surface improvement of the meadows of the Carpathian mountain forest belt with natural herbage, the annual application of N60P30K60, or 15 t / ha of manure, or – N60P30K60 + sowing of a mixture of grass meadows and sapwood with sapwood, on the grass meadows, is a factor of increasing their productivity and improving the quality of herbage. use or – P30K60 + clover seeding for high quality use. The best positive effect is the application of mineral fertilizers in combination with sowing of perennial grasses.

Forage quality of five cool-season grasses. I. Cultivar effects

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Collins ◽  
Michael D. Casler
Keyword(s):  
Forage Quality ◽  
Cool Season

Forage quality of five cool-season grasses. II. Species effects

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Collins ◽  
Michael D. Casler
Keyword(s):  
Forage Quality ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Species Effects

Fertilizer Effects on the Quality of White-Tailed Deer Forages on Utility Rights-of-Way

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Richard F. Harlow ◽  
Bruce W. Pinkerton ◽  
David C. Guynn ◽  
James G. William
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

Abstract Deer forages on utility rights-of-way in South Carolina were subjected to six treatments: mow, mow-and-fertilize, burn, burn-and-fertilize, plant-and-fertilize, and control. The influence of these treatments on forage quality was compared seasonally over a 3 yr period. The quality of both native and introduced deer forages was significantly improved seasonally by addition of fertilizer. Planted forages were nutritionally superior to native and naturalized forages that occurred on the unplanted treatments. When the cost per treatment for production of crude protein was compared, the mow-and-fertilize treatment was the most economical. South. J. Appl. For. 17(1):49-53.

The Effects of Burning and Simulated Grazing on Productivity, Forage Quality, Mortality and Flowering of Eight Subalpine Herbs in Kosciusko National Park.

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Leigh ◽  
DH Wood ◽  
AV Slee ◽  
MD Holgate
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
National Park ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Management Implications ◽  
Simulated Grazing ◽  
Domestic Stock

The effects of simulated grazing and burning on biomass production, forage quality (CP and DM digestibility), plant mortality and flowering of 4 native perennial grasses (Poa phillipsiana, P. sieberana, Danthonia pilosa and Festuca asperula) and four perennial forbs (Aciphylla simplicifolia, Arthropodium milleflorum, Bulbine bulbosa and Hypochoeris radicata) growing in Kosciusko National Park were studied over a 16-month period. Cutting at 8-week intervals reduced the amount of regrowth at successive harvests as well as the survival of individuals. The season in which a single cut was made generally had a greater effect on the amount of regrowth than length of the regrowth period. Burning promoted flowering and improved the forage quality of the grasses. Rabbits bred only when they were able to obtain forage with a minimum protein content of 14%, provided mainly by the forb species. The management implications resulting from the interaction of fire and grazing, particularly by rabbits and domestic stock, for ecosystem quality are discussed.

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