Winter weathering effects on corn grown for grazing in a short-season area

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-341
Author(s):  
V. S. Baron ◽  
H. G. Najda ◽  
D. H. McCartney ◽  
M. Bjorge ◽  
G. W. Lastiwka
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Winter Grazing

Winter grazing can reduce over-winter feeding costs of beef cows and, recently, the selection and marketing of corn (Zea mays L.) varieties for grazing has increased the interest of Alberta beef producers. The objective of this study was to compare grazing corn varieties with early conventional corn hybrids for winter grazing potential. Five corn varieties (one grazing, one short-stature and three conventional types) were compared for whole-plant yield and forage quality at Lacombe and Brooks, AB, at four harvest times (two in September, one in December and one in January), in each of 2 yr. Forage quality analyses were in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM), neutral (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) and crude protein concentration. Averaged over varieties and years, yield decreased (P ≤ 0.05) by 13% between September and January at Lacombe, and by 39 and 16% at Brooks in 1999 and 2000, respectively. At Brooks, yield losses from September to January, averaged over years were 38 to 18% for a grazing and a conventional variety, respectively. At Lacombe, IVDOM concentration declined (P ≤ 0.05) by 6.3 and 3.6% between September and January during 1999 and 2000, respectively; NDF concentration increased (P ≤ 0.05) by 10% over the same interval for both years. At Lacombe there were no differences among varieties for nutritive value by January harvests. Trends for reduced forage quality with harvest were not clear at Brooks but the grazing-type variety had higher (P ≤ 0.05) NDF and ADF concentrations than the other varieties after the first harvest. In general, projected energy and crude protein concentrations of corn during winter exceeded minimum requirements an were adequate, respectively, for non-lactating, pregnant beef cows. Grazing and short stature corn varieties were not superior to early conventional corn genotypes for winter grazing potential. Thus, choice of variety for winter grazing should be made on the basis of cost of production and early maturity. Key words: Weathering, corn, Zea mays L., nutritive value, yield loss, winter grazing potential

GENETIC VARIATION FOR FORAGE QUALITY OF ALFALFA STEMS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1057-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. BUXTON ◽  
G. C. MARTEN ◽  
J. S. HORNSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

When normally harvested for hay, the basal portion of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stems is low in forage quality. This study was conducted to determine whether genetic variation for in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) and crude protein (CP) concentration of stems of perennial Medicago spp. could be identified and whether morphological and chemical traits were associated with variation in these characteristics of stems. The lower six nodes and internodes of stems and total herbage from 64 Plant Introduction (PI) accessions and five cultivars of field-grown plants were harvested twice when most plants were at the early seed-pod stage of maturity. Several morphological and growth traits were measured, and both stems and total herbage were evaluated for IVDDM and CP concentration. Covariant analysis was used to adjust in IVDDM and CP concentration of stems for differences in plant maturity. Significant variation for IVDDM and CP concentration in stems existed among the cultivars and among the accessions. Some accessions had significantly higher stem IVDDM or CP concentration than control cultivars. The M. sativa accession, PI 440496, had the fourth highest stem IVDDM and third highest stem CP, with concentrations of 374 and 79 g kg−1, respectively. The number of ridges on stems (stem shape) was significantly correlated with stem IVDDM and CP concentration with average correlation coefficients of 0.30 and 0.35, respectively. Cell-wall concentration and lignin concentration per unit cell wall of stems were both negatively correlated with stem IVDDM and CP concentration. Selection for improved nutritive value of stems may have potential for improving the nutritive value of alfalfa herbage.Key words: Alfalfa, forage quality, crude protein, in vitro digestibility, Medicago sativa L.

Influence of summer cutting and fertilizer application on Altai wild rye in winter

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Willms
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Winter Grazing

The effects of summer cutting and fertilizer application treatments on Altai wild rye (Elymus angustus Trin.) yield and nutritive value in winter were examined in a 3-yr study in the Chernozemic Black soils of the foothills region in southwestern Alberta. Regrowth after harvest had significantly decreased acid detergent fiber (ADF) and increased crude protein (CP), phosphorus (P), and calcium (Ca) by January but decreased forage yield and plant height in regrowth after cutting. Fertilizer application significantly (P < 0.05) increased dry matter yields and the concentration of CP, P, and Ca, while decreasing the concentration of ADF. Forage decreased in nutritive value, as determined by the concentration of each constituent, until November; after that, changes were no longer significant (P < 0.05). However, the effects of either fertilizer or cutting treatments on the nutritive value were generally maintained to the end of the sampling period in March. Fertilizer application made access to standing forage easier for cattle in winter, as defined by plant height, but summer cutting reduced it. Cutting and fertilizer application can be used to improve the nutritive value of forage in winter to meet the requirements of dry pregnant beef cows, but this requires substantial fertilizer application. Rather than applying high rates of fertilizer, it may be advantageous to supplement nutrients to livestock on winter pasture.Key words: Winter grazing, forage quality, weathering losses

The effects of site and season on the yield and nutritive value of cultivars and half-sib families of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 763 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Smith ◽  
R. J. Simpson ◽  
R. N. Oram
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Sib Families

The effects of site and season on the nutritive value of 16 perennial ryegrass cultivars and 60 half-sib families were assessed at 2 locations in South West Victoria. Crude protein, water-soluble carbohydrates, neutral detergent fibre and in vitro digestibility were measured on vegetative herbage, harvested in either autumn or spring. While no heritable genetic variation for nutritive value parameters was detected in this set of families, consistent differences in the nutritive value of cultivars were measured across sites and seasons. The cultivars Yatsyn1 and Ellett were consistently high in both water-soluble carbohydrates and in vitro digestibility. The differences in mean nutritive value between high and low ranking cultivars were ~40 g/kg water-soluble carbohydrates and 3–5% in vitro digestibility. These consistent differences in forage quality demonstrate the value of measuring forage quality during cultivar evaluation. The identification of cultivars with improved nutritive value will also facilitate the crossing of the alleles that confer this improvement into other genetic backgrounds.

Silicon and cadmium interaction of maize (Zea mays L.) plants cultivated in vitro

Biologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Lukacova ◽  
Denis Liska ◽  
Boris Bokor ◽  
Renata Svubova ◽  
Alexander Lux
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L

scholarly journals Effect of seedbed methods and time of harvest on the yield and nutritive value of some forage crops grown on Vertisol at Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-497
Author(s):  
Abate Tedla ◽  
Helena Airaksinen ◽  
M. A. Mohamed-Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Time Of Harvest

The influence of the improved drainage broadbed and furrow (BBF), as opposed to the traditional flat seedbed over the growing season on the dry matter yield and nutritive value of Avena sativa, Vigna unguiculata, Lablab purpureus, Vida dasycarpa, Trifolium steudneri and Sesbania sesban were studied on Vertisol. Up to 7 t/ha dry matter yield was recorded for Avena sativa and Lablab purpureus when planted on Vertisols with improved drainage. Dry matter yield of forage crops also increased with advance in stage of maturity or subsequent harvests. On both improved and traditional flat seedbed methods, the chemical analysis of forage crops showed similar declines in crude protein content and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) levels as the maturity of forage crops progressed.

scholarly journals Efeito do estresse salino e da prolina exógena em calos de milho

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
TEREZINHA RANGEL CAMARA ◽  
LILIA WILLADINO ◽  
JOSEP MARIA TORNÉ ◽  
ALBERT MANICK ◽  
MARIA ASUNCIÓN SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de NaCl (0, 68, 137 e 205 mM) sobre o cultivo in vitro de calos de dois genótipos (W64Ao2 e Arizona 8601) de milho (Zea mays L.), em meio de cultura N6, suplementado ou não com a adição de 6,0 mM de prolina. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação dos quatro níveis de NaCl com os dois níveis de prolina, num fatorial 4x2. Os tratamentos foram mantidos durante 60 dias, com subcultivos a cada 20 dias. A taxa de crescimento dos calos e o conteúdo endógeno de putrescina, espermina, espermidina, prolina e outros aminoácidos livres foram avaliados no final do período experimental. A adição de prolina exógena favoreceu o crescimento dos calos no tratamento-controle e minorou os efeitos deletérios do estresse salino em ambos os genótipos, no nível de sal mais elevado (250mM de NaCl). A taxa de crescimento dos calos de W64Ao2 foi superior àquela dos calos de Arizona 8601, possivelmente por causa, em parte, do maior acúmulo de prolina endógena e da manutenção ativa do metabolismo das poliaminas naqueles calos.

In vitro Selection and Characterization of Drought Tolerant Somaclones of Tropical Maize (Zea mays L.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Matheka ◽  
E. Magiri ◽  
A.O. Rasha ◽  
J. Machuka
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Drought Tolerant
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