Fertilizer responses of dry bean in southern Alberta

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
A. B. Middleton ◽  
K. W. Seward ◽  
R. Gaudiel ◽  
C. Wildschut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Available N ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Seed Yields

Previous reports suggest that the response of dry bean to N fertilizer is often dependent on bean cultivar. In addition to N, commercial producers of dry bean in southern Alberta frequently apply P, K and Zn, even though soil test levels of these nutrients are often high. To evaluate the fertilizer responses of commercial dry bean cultivars in southern Alberta, three experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, the response of GN 1140 great northern bean, NW-63 small red bean, Othello pinto bean, and Viva pink bean to N fertilizer rates and rhizobia inoculation was determined at three sites each year from 1994 through 1996. The second experiment was conducted at the same sites to determine the response of these cultivars to P and K fertilizer. The third experiment was conducted at the same sites in 1995 and 1996 to determine the response of the same four cultivars and OAC Seaforth navy bean to soil-applied and foliar Zn application. The four cultivars responded similarly to N in the first experiment. Seed yields ranged from 81 to 100% of maximum yields when available N levels (fertilizer-N plus nitrate-N to 30 cm just prior to seeding) were less than 80 kg N ha–1, but were always greater than 90% of maximum yields when available N levels were greater than 80 kg N ha–1. Rhizobia inoculation did not significantly increase seed yields or reduce the response to N fertilizer, although early-season plant growth was frequently improved by inoculation. Seed yield was only increased by application of P fertilizer at one site and by application of K fertilizer at one site, while application of Zn did not increase seed yield at any of the sites. The critical soil test levels for responses to P, K or Zn were consistent with levels reported for other crops or regions, but further validation of these levels is required due to the lack of sites with low nutrient availability. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc, Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli, rhizobia inoculation

Evaluation of mungbean accessions for the southern Canadian prairies

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Olson ◽  
Manjula Bandara ◽  
Deng Jin Bing ◽  
Art Kruger ◽  
Boris Henriquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Seed Yields

Olson, M., Bandara, M., Bing, D. J., Kruger, A., Henriquez, B. and Bremer, E. 2011. Evaluation of mungbean accessions for the southern Canadian prairies. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 137–141. Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] accessions were screened under field conditions to determine their suitability for commercial production in regions similar to those used for dry bean production on the Canadian prairies. Field studies were conducted in 2007 and 2008 at two locations in southern Alberta and in 2007 at one location in southern Manitoba. Two mungbean lines produced a minimum of 400 kg seed ha−1 at 4 of 5 site-years, even with as little as 2240 crop heat units (CHU). The best-yielding accession produced an average seed yield of 750 kg ha−1. Although seed yields were low relative to dry bean (1920 to 3100 kg ha−1), substantial increases could likely be obtained through improvements in cultural practice and cultivar development.

Fall-seeded cover crops after dry bean and potato in Southern Alberta

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Available N ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Winter Annual

Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) usually provide insufficient plant residue cover after harvest to protect the soil from wind erosion. Experiments were conducted at the Lethbridge Research Centre to determine the potential beneficial effects of planting cereal cover crops after Russett Burbank potato, which is harvested in late September or October, and dry bean, which is harvested in mid- to late September at Lethbridge, Alberta. Annual cereals planted after potato provided insufficient ground cover to protect the soil from erosion in the fall or spring. Winter annual cereals after potato and dry bean and annual cereals after dry bean usually provided enough residue in the spring (> 30% ground cover). However, winter cereals killed with glyphosate just before seeding spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) consistently reduced wheat yield. Reductions in available N and soil moisture due to winter annual cereals were small, and likely did not reduce wheat yield. None of the cover crops provided enough ground cover to reduce weed density. Additional research is required to assess the benefits of seeding annual cereals after early-maturing potato varieties and after dry bean, which matures earlier at lower elevations in southern Alberta, with more heat units. Key words: Fall rye, ground cover, soil erosion, winter triticale

Forage seed yield response to N and P fertilizers and soil nutrients in northeastern Saskatchewan

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Loeppky ◽  
P. R. Horton ◽  
S. Bittman ◽  
L. Townley-Smith ◽  
T. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Available N ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
P Fertilizers

There is no information on the effect, in northeastern Saskatchewan, of N and P fertilizers on forage seed production as influenced by these nutrients in the soil. Therefore, experiments were conducted at eight sites from 1988 to 1991 to determine the effect of N and P fertilizers and soil nutrients on seed yields of alfalfa (Medicago media Pers.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.), intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium [Host.] Beauv.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.). Nitrogen fertilizer (urea) was applied on grasses annually at 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha−1 in factorial combination with 0, 9 and 18 kg P ha−1 (monoammonium phosphate and triple superphosphate) and on alfalfa at 0 and 50 kg N ha−1 in combination with 0, 9, 18, 26 and 53 kg P ha−1. Nitrogen significantly increased forage seed yields of all species except alfalfa. Phosphorus increased yields of forage seed for all crops except intermediate wheatgrass. The site, N, P and year and their interactions influenced seed yields. Seed yields ranged from a low of 0.29 t ha−1 for smooth bromegrass in 1990, a dry year, to a high of 1.24 t ha−1 in 1989 a cool, moist year. The yield response to N and P fertilizers was affected by available soil N and P. Relative to control, the percentage increase in grass seed yield from applied N and P fertilizers was highly related to the available soil N and P (R2 = 0.93). The estimated smooth bromegrass seed yield response to 50N–9P kg ha−1 was 0.54 t ha−1 when the soil had intermediate amounts of available N and P (2 mg N ha−1 and 8 mg P ha−1, 0- to 60-cm and 0- to 15-cm depths, respectively). On a soil that tested high in available N and P, there was no response to fertilizer. Regression equations were developed that can be used to estimate forage seed yield response of different species in relation to available soil nutrients. These results are useful for estimating the most economical return on fertilizer investment for forage seed production in Saskatchewan. Key words: Forage, seed, N, P, fertilizer, soil tests, correlation

Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) Interference and Control in Seed Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Moyer ◽  
G. Bruce Schaalje
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Hyperbolic Model ◽  
Threshold Density ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
And Control

Alfalfa seed yield and quackgrass density were measured in seven irrigated fields in southern Alberta to assess the effect of quackgrass on seed yield. Six herbicides were tested to determine their effect on quackgrass growth and accompanying alfalfa seed yield. The effect of quackgrass on seed yield was adequately described by a hyperbolic model. Quackgrass densities of 50 and 100 heads per m2reduced seed yields by 56 and 74%, respectively. The economic threshold density was 3 quackgrass heads per m2. The most effective herbicide treatments, quizalofop and propaquizafop, resulted in good initial quackgrass suppression and yield increases similar to those predicted by the hyperbolic model.

Fertilizer and rhizobial inoculant responses of chickpea on fallow and stubble sites in southern Alberta

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
A. B. Middleton ◽  
E. Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Seed Protein Concentration ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
The Impact

Agronomic practices for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production on the Canadian prairies are not well established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of fallow on chickpea yield and response to rhizobia inoculation and fertilization. Field trials were conducted at nine fallow sites and nine stubble sites in southern Alberta over a 4-yr period (2000–2003). In the N experiment, N fertilizer was applied to rhizobia-inoculated and uninoculated desi (cv. Myles) and kabuli (cv. Sanford) chickpea at five N rates (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg N ha-1). In the P experiment, P fertilizer was applied to desi chickpea at 0, 6.5 and 13 kg P ha-1. Growing season precipitation was well below normal during 3 of the 4 yr of this study, and fallow yields were more than double stubble yields. Desi seed yield increased 15.8 kg ha-1 for each millimetre increase in water use above a minimum requirement of 84 mm. Although nodulation of uninoculated chickpea was absent or very low at all sites, the benefits of inoculation were modest. On average, inoculation increased seed yield by 12%, seed protein concentration by 11%, and seed N yield by 24%. Inoculation responses were similar for fallow and stubble sites. Yield gains due to application of N fertilizer were also small at most sites, with no difference in yield gain between fallow and stubble sites. Yield benefits due to inoculation and N fertilization were often small because either moisture availability was low or soil N availability was high. Desi was more responsive to N fertilization than kabuli. Phosphorus fertilizer had a minimal impact on desi chickpea yield. Fallow had a large impact on chickpea yields, but did not affect rhizobia or fertilizer response. Key words: Cicer arietinum, yield, nitrogen, phosphorus, water use efficiency

Residual management of sulfur applied to soybean or wheat in a soybean - wheat system on Vertisols

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Ganeshamurthy ◽  
P. N. Takkar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
Seed Yields

In a 3-year experiment on a typic Haplustert low in soil test sulfur (S), residual effects of S applied to either soybean or wheat in a soybean–wheat system were measured for seed yields, recoveries of added S, and changes in the soil test S. Sulfur as gypsum was applied at 5 rates (0–80 kg S/ha) to soybean and 4 rates (0–60 kg S/ha) to wheat during the first year. In subsequent years the residual effects were studied in relation to fresh application of 40 kg S/ha to each crop. Seed yields of soybean and wheat were increased significantly by the application of S to each crop. The rate 80 kg S/ha applied to soybean showed residual effects in 2 succeeding crops, while 60 kg S/ha applied to soybean or wheat showed residual effect in only 1 succeeding crop. The S applied to wheat was more effciently utilised than that applied to soybean in rotation. The rates 53 and 70 kg S/ha (calculated via regression equations) applied to soybean gave 90% of the seed yield of freshly applied S at 40 kg/ha in the succeeding wheat and soybean crops, respectively, and 57 kg S/ha applied to the wheat crop gave 90% of the seed yield in the succeeding soybean crop. The recoveries of added S were greater with smaller rates of added S and were greater in the first 2 residual crops. Soil test S was adequate only in the first year and fell below critical level in the subsequent cropping period. Cumulative S uptake determined the levels of available S in the soil.

scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Rates and Fertilizer Sources on Yield and Leaf Nutrient Status of Short-day Onions

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Boyhan ◽  
Reid L. Torrance ◽  
C. Randy Hill
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

This is a compilation of several studies that were performed to address specific grower concerns or questions about onion fertilization, to assess onion fertility, to make adjustments in soil test recommendations, and to test specific fertilizers for clients covering the 1999–2000 to 2004–2005 seasons. The synthesis of these studies was to evaluate levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers and their effect on yield, graded yield, and leaf tissue nutrient status in short-day onions over 6 years. In addition, various fertilizers were evaluated for their effect on these parameters. There was a significant increasing quadratic effect on yield from increasing N fertilizer from 0 to 336 kg·ha−1 with an R2 of 0.926. Maximum calculated yield was at 263 kg·ha−1 N fertilizer; however, the yield at this rate did not differ, based on a Fisher's least significant difference (P ≤ 0.05), from our current recommendations of 140 to 168 kg·ha−1 N. Jumbo (7.6 cm or greater) yield performed in a similar fashion. Phosphorus fertilizer rates from 0 to 147 kg·ha−1 had no effect on total yield, but did affect jumbo yields, which decreased linearly with an R2 of 0.322. Evaluations of P fertilizer in the 2001–2002 and 2002–2003 seasons only, when the exact same P fertilizer rates were used, showed a decreasing quadratic effect for jumbo yields with the lowest jumbo yields at 83 kg·ha−1 P fertilizer and jumbo yields increasing with 115 and 147 kg·ha−1 P fertilizer rates. Potassium fertilizer rates from 0 to 177 kg·ha−1 had a quadratic affect on total yield, with the highest yield of 52,361 kg·ha−1 with 84 kg·ha−1 K fertilizer rate. As would be expected, N and P fertilizer rates affected leaf tissue N and P levels, respectively. In addition, N fertilizer rates affected leaf tissue calcium (Ca) and sulfur levels. Potassium fertilizer rates had a significant linear effect on leaf tissue K 3 of 6 years. In addition, K fertilizer rates had a significant effect on leaf tissue P levels. Several fertilizers, including Ca(NO3)2 and NH4NO3, along with complete fertilizers and liquid fertilizers, were used as part of a complete fertilizer program and showed no differences for total yield or jumbo yield 4 of 5 years of evaluation when applied to supply the same amount of N fertilizer. Based on the results of this study, soil test P and K recommendations for onions in Georgia have been cut 25% to 50% across the range of soil test levels.

THE SUCCESS OF THE LUCERNE MESSAGE IN MARLBOROUGH

1981 ◽  
pp. 179-183
Author(s):  
A.J. Cresswell
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
One Year ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
New Cultivars

This paper, as well as being a testimonial to the benefit the writer has received from the Grassland Association, shows how the knowledge of scientists has been used to increase lucerne seed yields by methods of growing resistant cultivars especially for seed production as opposed to growing for hay, silage or grazing. It shows how new cultivars can be multiplied quickly by growing two crops in one year, one in each hemisphere, by using low seeding rates, wide plant spacing and very good weed control. Increased flowering of the crop has been achieved by the use of boron and the choice of time of closing; better pollination has been achieved by the use of more efficient bees - two varieties of which have been imported from North America. Weed and insect pest control and the use of a desiccant at harvest are contributing to a four-fold increase in seed yield, which should double again soon,

Preliminary DRIS norms for coastal Douglas-fir soils in Washington and Oregon

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Shumway ◽  
H.N. Chappell
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Diagnostic Work

The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) has been used successfully in agricultural crops and holds promise for use in forest stands. This study used soil tests to develop DRIS norms and evaluate their effectiveness in coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) forests. DRIS norms for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium were developed using soil test and site index data from 72 soil series that commonly support Douglas-fir in western Washington. The norms were tested using soil test and stand basal area growth response data from 20 thinned and 30 unthinned N fertilizer test sites in coastal Washington and Oregon. Response to urea fertilizer in thinned stands averaged 34% and 43% for 224 and 448 kg N•ha−1, respectively, when N was identified as the most limiting nutrient. When N was not the most limiting nutrient, N response averaged 8% and 10% for 224 and 448 kg N•ha−1, respectively. Results were similar in unthinned stands and thinned stands, although response to fertilizer appeared to be slightly less in unthinned stands when N was the most limiting nutrient. DRIS correctly classified 25 of the 33 sites (76%) where N fertilizer increased growth by more than 15%. More importantly, 13 of the 17 (76%) sites that responded by less than 15% were correctly identified by DRIS. The results clearly indicate that N fertilizer response is dependent on the interactions (balance) between soil nutrients at a given site. Future soil diagnostic work needs to focus on techniques, like DRIS, that provide an assessment of these interactions.

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