Fertilizer and rhizobial inoculant responses of chickpea on fallow and stubble sites in southern Alberta

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
A. B. Middleton ◽  
E. Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Seed Protein Concentration ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
The Impact

Agronomic practices for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production on the Canadian prairies are not well established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of fallow on chickpea yield and response to rhizobia inoculation and fertilization. Field trials were conducted at nine fallow sites and nine stubble sites in southern Alberta over a 4-yr period (2000–2003). In the N experiment, N fertilizer was applied to rhizobia-inoculated and uninoculated desi (cv. Myles) and kabuli (cv. Sanford) chickpea at five N rates (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg N ha-1). In the P experiment, P fertilizer was applied to desi chickpea at 0, 6.5 and 13 kg P ha-1. Growing season precipitation was well below normal during 3 of the 4 yr of this study, and fallow yields were more than double stubble yields. Desi seed yield increased 15.8 kg ha-1 for each millimetre increase in water use above a minimum requirement of 84 mm. Although nodulation of uninoculated chickpea was absent or very low at all sites, the benefits of inoculation were modest. On average, inoculation increased seed yield by 12%, seed protein concentration by 11%, and seed N yield by 24%. Inoculation responses were similar for fallow and stubble sites. Yield gains due to application of N fertilizer were also small at most sites, with no difference in yield gain between fallow and stubble sites. Yield benefits due to inoculation and N fertilization were often small because either moisture availability was low or soil N availability was high. Desi was more responsive to N fertilization than kabuli. Phosphorus fertilizer had a minimal impact on desi chickpea yield. Fallow had a large impact on chickpea yields, but did not affect rhizobia or fertilizer response. Key words: Cicer arietinum, yield, nitrogen, phosphorus, water use efficiency

Nitrogen source and placement effects on stand density, pasmo severity, seed yield, and quality of no-till flax

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Grant ◽  
D. McLaren ◽  
R.B. Irvine ◽  
S.D. Duguid
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Seed Protein Concentration ◽  
The Impact

Field studies were conducted at two locations in western Manitoba over three years to evaluate the impact of rate, source, and placement of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on seedling emergence, disease severity, crop yield, and seed quality of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Urea, urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), and ammonium nitrate (AN) fertilizers were applied at 0, 30, 60, and 90 g N ha−1, pre-plant banded or side-banded 2.5 m to the side and 2.5 m below the seed-row, using a hoe-type opener with 20 m row spacing. Differences in stand emergence occurred from year to year, depending on the moisture conditions after seeding. Nitrogen fertilizer occasionally decreased stand density when side-banded, with effects being greatest with urea and UAN. The magnitude of stand decrease was generally low, although it may have restricted seed yield with high rates of urea fertilization in some years. Nitrogen applications frequently increased leaf and stem pasmo, but the effects of fertilizer source and placement were variable. Seed yield increased with N application except at a single site where soil N levels were high. Where differences existed among sources, yield was generally lower with urea than with the other sources, possibly related to seedling damage from the urea at higher rates of application, or to physiological effects of high ammonia:nitrate ratio nutrition during early growth. Seed quality for oil production tended to decline with increasing N applications due to lower oil concentration, lower iodine number, and a decrease in the concentration of high-quality linolenic and linoleic fatty acids. However, seed protein concentration increased with increasing N concentration. While risk of seedling damage and pasmo may increase with increasing levels of N fertilizer, either side-banded or pre-plant banded N applications still resulted in increased flaxseed yield. However, increasing N rate slightly decreased quality for oil production.

scholarly journals Effect of 50 Years of No-Tillage, Stubble Retention, and Nitrogen Fertilization on Soil Respiration, Easily Extractable Glomalin, and Nitrogen Mineralization

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Pramod Jha ◽  
Kuntal M. Hati ◽  
Ram C. Dalal ◽  
Yash P. Dang ◽  
Peter M. Kopittke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Stubble Retention ◽  
No Till

In subtropical regions, we have an incomplete understanding of how long-term tillage, stubble, and nitrogen (N) fertilizer management affects soil biological functioning. We examined a subtropical site managed for 50 years using varying tillage (conventional till (CT) and no-till (NT)), stubble management (stubble burning (SB) and stubble retention (SR)), and N fertilization (0 (N0), 30 (N30), and 90 (N90) kg ha−1 y−1) to assess their impact on soil microbial respiration, easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (EEGRSP), and N mineralization. A significant three-way tillage × stubble × N fertilizer interaction was observed for soil respiration, with NT+SB+N0 treatments generally releasing the highest amounts of CO2 over the incubation period (1135 mg/kg), and NT+SR+N0 treatments releasing the lowest (528 mg/kg). In contrast, a significant stubble × N interaction was observed for both EEGRSP and N mineralization, with the highest concentrations of both EEGRSP (2.66 ± 0.86 g kg−1) and N mineralization (30.7 mg/kg) observed in SR+N90 treatments. Furthermore, N mineralization was also positively correlated with EEGRSP (R2 = 0.76, p < 0.001), indicating that EEGRSP can potentially be used as an index of soil N availability. Overall, this study has shown that SR and N fertilization have a positive impact on soil biological functioning.

Effects of Cultivar and Location on Seed Protein in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

1982 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Dahiya ◽  
A. C. Kapoor ◽  
I. S. Solanki ◽  
R. S. Waldia
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Small Protein ◽  
Seed Protein Concentration ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars

SUMMARYSignificant differences were found between 20 chickpea cultivars and four locations in respect of the concentration of protein in the seeds. Cultivar x location interactions were also significant. The average protein concentration among cultivars varied from 18.5 to 23.2% and among locations from 18.3 to 22.7%. Correlations between seed protein concentration and seed yield and seed size were very small. Protein concentration was influenced by available nitrogen in the soil.

Fertilizer responses of dry bean in southern Alberta

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
A. B. Middleton ◽  
K. W. Seward ◽  
R. Gaudiel ◽  
C. Wildschut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Available N ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Seed Yields

Previous reports suggest that the response of dry bean to N fertilizer is often dependent on bean cultivar. In addition to N, commercial producers of dry bean in southern Alberta frequently apply P, K and Zn, even though soil test levels of these nutrients are often high. To evaluate the fertilizer responses of commercial dry bean cultivars in southern Alberta, three experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, the response of GN 1140 great northern bean, NW-63 small red bean, Othello pinto bean, and Viva pink bean to N fertilizer rates and rhizobia inoculation was determined at three sites each year from 1994 through 1996. The second experiment was conducted at the same sites to determine the response of these cultivars to P and K fertilizer. The third experiment was conducted at the same sites in 1995 and 1996 to determine the response of the same four cultivars and OAC Seaforth navy bean to soil-applied and foliar Zn application. The four cultivars responded similarly to N in the first experiment. Seed yields ranged from 81 to 100% of maximum yields when available N levels (fertilizer-N plus nitrate-N to 30 cm just prior to seeding) were less than 80 kg N ha–1, but were always greater than 90% of maximum yields when available N levels were greater than 80 kg N ha–1. Rhizobia inoculation did not significantly increase seed yields or reduce the response to N fertilizer, although early-season plant growth was frequently improved by inoculation. Seed yield was only increased by application of P fertilizer at one site and by application of K fertilizer at one site, while application of Zn did not increase seed yield at any of the sites. The critical soil test levels for responses to P, K or Zn were consistent with levels reported for other crops or regions, but further validation of these levels is required due to the lack of sites with low nutrient availability. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc, Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli, rhizobia inoculation

scholarly journals Shovelomics root traits assessed on the EURoot maize panel are highly heritable across environments but show low genotype-by-nitrogen interaction

Euphytica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 215 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal A. Le Marié ◽  
Larry M. York ◽  
Alexandre Strigens ◽  
Marcos Malosetti ◽  
Karl-Heinz Camp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
N Application ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Root Stock ◽  
Horizontal Expansion ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The need for sustainable intensification of agriculture in the coming decades requires a reduction in nitrogen (N) fertilization. One opportunity to reduce N application rates without major losses in yield is breeding for nutrient efficient crops. A key parameter that influences nutrient uptake efficiency is the root system architecture (RSA). To explore the impact of N availability on RSA and to investigate the impact of the growth environment, a diverse set of 36 inbred dent maize lines crossed to the inbred flint line UH007 as a tester was evaluated for N-response over 2 years on three different sites. RSA was investigated by excavating and imaging of the root crowns followed by image analysis with REST software. Despite strong site and year effects, trait heritability was generally high. Root traits showing the greatest heritability (> 0.7) were the width of the root stock, indicative of the horizontal expansion, and the fill factor, a measure of the density of the root system. Heritabilities were in a similar range under high or low N application. Under N deficiency the root stock size decreased, the horizontal expansion decreased and the root stock became less dense. However, there was little differential response of the genotypes to low N availability. Thus, the assessed root traits were more constitutively expressed rather than showing genotype-specific plasticity to low N. In contrast, strong differences were observed for ‘stay green’ and silage yield, indicating that these highly heritable traits are good indicators for responsiveness to low N.

scholarly journals Water-use efficiency and the effect of water deficits on crop growth and yield of Kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in a cool-temperate subhumid climate

2003 ◽  
Vol 141 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 285-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. RAJIN ANWAR ◽  
B. A. McKENZIE ◽  
G. D. HILL
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Soil Moisture Deficit ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars

The present study was conducted from 1998 to 2000, to evaluate seasonal water use and soil-water extraction by Kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The response of three cultivars to eight irrigation treatments in 1998/99 and four irrigation treatments in 1999/2000 at different growth stages was studied on a Wakanui silt loam soil in Canterbury, New Zealand. Evapotranspiration was measured with a neutron moisture meter and water use efficiency (WUE) was examined at crop maturity. Water use was about 426 mm for the fully irrigated treatment and at least 175 mm for the non-irrigated plants. There was a significant correlation (P<0·001) between water use and biomass yield (R2=0·80) and water use and seed yield (R2=0·75). There were also highly significant (P<0·001) interacting effects of irrigation, sowing date and cultivar on WUE and the trend was similar to that for seed yield. The estimated WUE ranged from 22–29 kg DM/ha per mm and 10–13 kg seed yield/ha per mm water use.The three chickpea cultivars were capable of drawing water from depths greater than 60 cm. However, most of the water use (0·49–0·93 mm/10 cm soil layer per day) came from the top 0–30 cm, where most of the active roots were concentrated. The study has shown that using actual evapotranspiration and water-use efficiency, the biomass yield and seed yield of Kabuli chickpeas can be accurately predicted in Canterbury. Soil water shortage has been identified as a major constraint to increasing chickpea production. Drought was quantified using the concept of maximum potential soil moisture deficit (Dpmax) calculated from climate data. Drought responses of yield, phenology, radiation use efficiency and yield components were determined, and were highly correlated with Dpmax. The maximum potential soil moisture deficit increased from about 62 mm (irrigated throughout) to about 358 mm (dryland plots). Chickpea yield, intercepted radiation and the number of pods per plant decreased linearly as the Dpmax increased. Penman's irrigation model accurately described the response of yield to drought. The limiting deficit for this type of soil was c. 165 and 84 mm for the November and December sowings in 1998/99 and 170 mm in 1999/2000. Beyond these limiting deficits, yield declined linearly with maximum potential soil moisture deficits of up to 358 mm. There was little evidence to support the idea of a moisture sensitive period in these Kabuli chickpea cultivars. Yield was increased by irrigating at any stage of crop development, provided that the water was needed as determined by the potential soil moisture deficit and sowing early in the season.

scholarly journals Assessment of deficit irrigation impact on agronomic parameters and water use efficiency of six chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) cultivars under Mediterranean semi-arid climate

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Boutheina Douh ◽  
Amel Mguidiche ◽  
Massoud Jar Allah al-Marri ◽  
Mohamed Moussa ◽  
Hichem Rjeb
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Semi Arid

Six kabuli chickpea genotypes (Cicer Arietinum L.) were evaluated under three water levelss at the open field during February -June 2018. This study was conducted to evaluate the chickpea water stress, on soil water dynamic, agromorphological traits, and water use efficiency to estimate variability levels between varieties and to identify the varieties of chickpea adaptable on semi-arid bioclimatic stage. For this purpose, a trial was conducted at the Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott Mariem (Tunisia). There is no effect of the treatment on the height, biological yield, and branching number. The seeds weigh, PCG, seed yield, harvest index, and water use efficiency relative to seed have the highest value in T1 (100% of ETc) when water use efficiency relative to biological yield, number of pods and of seeds recorded the highest values in T3 (50% of ETc). Univariate analysis showed highly significant differences between genotypes for many traits. Principal Component Analysis was performed for all traits and allowed to define two axes. The first one explains 49.30% of the variability of the total trait and was formed by genotypes ‘Beja’, ‘Nayer’ and’ ‘Rebha’. Genotypes forming this axe are closely related to each other according to their common morphological characters like height (r=0.88), biological yield (r=0.93), bringing the number (r=0.53), seed yield (r=0.81), WUE relative to seed (r=0.75), harvest index (r=0.65) and WUE relative to biological yield (r=0.94). The second clustered genotypes ‘Bochra’ and ‘Nour’. This second axe (27.99%) is represented by pods number (r=0.87), seed number (r=0.87) and PCG (r=0.78).

scholarly journals Late-Season Nitrogen Applications Increase Soybean Yield and Seed Protein Concentration

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuj Chiluwal ◽  
Erin R. Haramoto ◽  
David Hildebrand ◽  
Seth Naeve ◽  
Hanna Poffenbarger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Seed Protein Concentration ◽  
Meal Protein

Low seed and meal protein concentration in modern high-yielding soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)] cultivars is a major concern but there is limited information on effective cultural practices to address this issue. In the objective of dealing with this problem, this study conducted field experiments in 2019 and 2020 to evaluate the response of seed and meal protein concentrations to the interactive effects of late-season inputs [control, a liquid Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation at R3, and 202 kg ha−1 nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied after R5], previous cover crop (fallow or cereal cover crop with residue removed), and short- and full-season maturity group cultivars at three U.S. locations (Fayetteville, Arkansas; Lexington, Kentucky; and St. Paul, Minnesota). The results showed that cover crops had a negative effect on yield in two out of six site-years and decreased seed protein concentration by 8.2 mg g−1 on average in Minnesota. Inoculant applications at R3 did not affect seed protein concentration or yield. The applications of N fertilizer after R5 increased seed protein concentration by 6 to 15 mg g−1, and increased yield in Arkansas by 13% and in Minnesota by 11% relative to the unfertilized control. This study showed that late-season N applications can be an effective cultural practice to increase soybean meal protein concentration in modern high-yielding cultivars above the minimum threshold required by the industry. New research is necessary to investigate sustainable management practices that increase N availability to soybeans late in the season.

scholarly journals Does Biochar Influence Soil CO2 Emission Four Years After Its Application to Soil?

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (s1) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Tatijana Kotuš ◽  
Ján Horák
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Mitigation Strategy ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Soil Co2 Emission ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Biochar application into soil has potential as a means for reducing soil greenhouse gas emissions and climate mitigation strategy. In this study, we evaluated the impact of two doses of biochar (10 and 20 t.ha−1) applied in 2014, combined with three fertilization levels (N0, N1, N2) on carbon dioxide (CO2) in field conditions during the growing season (April – October) in 2018. The field site is located in the Nitra region of Slovakia – Malanta. The soil in the field was classified as a silt loam Haplic Luvisol. There was not found any statistically significant (P <0.05) decreasing effect of biochar with or without N-fertilizer after four years of its application on average daily and cumulative CO2 emissions, while the CO2 emissions increased with additional N-fertilizer. Biochar decreased (insignificantly) the daily and cumulative CO2 emissions only in the treatments without N-fertilization and in the treatment fertilized with higher level of biochar application (20 t.ha−1) and N-fertilizer (80 kg.N.ha−1). According to these results it can be concluded that the biochar applied to soil is not able to reduce CO2 emissions after four years of its application when it is combined with usual agriculture practices which include N-fertilization.

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