Evaluation of mungbean accessions for the southern Canadian prairies

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Olson ◽  
Manjula Bandara ◽  
Deng Jin Bing ◽  
Art Kruger ◽  
Boris Henriquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Seed Yields

Olson, M., Bandara, M., Bing, D. J., Kruger, A., Henriquez, B. and Bremer, E. 2011. Evaluation of mungbean accessions for the southern Canadian prairies. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 137–141. Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] accessions were screened under field conditions to determine their suitability for commercial production in regions similar to those used for dry bean production on the Canadian prairies. Field studies were conducted in 2007 and 2008 at two locations in southern Alberta and in 2007 at one location in southern Manitoba. Two mungbean lines produced a minimum of 400 kg seed ha−1 at 4 of 5 site-years, even with as little as 2240 crop heat units (CHU). The best-yielding accession produced an average seed yield of 750 kg ha−1. Although seed yields were low relative to dry bean (1920 to 3100 kg ha−1), substantial increases could likely be obtained through improvements in cultural practice and cultivar development.

Fertilizer responses of dry bean in southern Alberta

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
A. B. Middleton ◽  
K. W. Seward ◽  
R. Gaudiel ◽  
C. Wildschut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Available N ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Seed Yields

Previous reports suggest that the response of dry bean to N fertilizer is often dependent on bean cultivar. In addition to N, commercial producers of dry bean in southern Alberta frequently apply P, K and Zn, even though soil test levels of these nutrients are often high. To evaluate the fertilizer responses of commercial dry bean cultivars in southern Alberta, three experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, the response of GN 1140 great northern bean, NW-63 small red bean, Othello pinto bean, and Viva pink bean to N fertilizer rates and rhizobia inoculation was determined at three sites each year from 1994 through 1996. The second experiment was conducted at the same sites to determine the response of these cultivars to P and K fertilizer. The third experiment was conducted at the same sites in 1995 and 1996 to determine the response of the same four cultivars and OAC Seaforth navy bean to soil-applied and foliar Zn application. The four cultivars responded similarly to N in the first experiment. Seed yields ranged from 81 to 100% of maximum yields when available N levels (fertilizer-N plus nitrate-N to 30 cm just prior to seeding) were less than 80 kg N ha–1, but were always greater than 90% of maximum yields when available N levels were greater than 80 kg N ha–1. Rhizobia inoculation did not significantly increase seed yields or reduce the response to N fertilizer, although early-season plant growth was frequently improved by inoculation. Seed yield was only increased by application of P fertilizer at one site and by application of K fertilizer at one site, while application of Zn did not increase seed yield at any of the sites. The critical soil test levels for responses to P, K or Zn were consistent with levels reported for other crops or regions, but further validation of these levels is required due to the lack of sites with low nutrient availability. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc, Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli, rhizobia inoculation

‘Olathe’ Pinto Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Response to Postemergence Imazethapyr and Bentazon

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy A. Bauer ◽  
Karen A. Renner ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Pinto Bean ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Dry Edible Bean ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Petroleum Oil

Dry bean producers have limited postemergence broadleaf weed control options. The purpose of this research was to determine whether bentazon increased dry edible bean tolerance to postemergence imazethapyr applications. Imazethapyr and bentazon were applied with a petroleum oil adjuvant to ‘Olathe’ pinto bean in the field and greenhouse. Imazethapyr injured pinto bean 7 DAT in the field and greenhouse. Chlorophyllacontent, a quantitative measure of bean chlorosis, decreased compared to the untreated control following imazethapyr application. When 840 g ha−1of bentazon was tank-mixed with 53 g ha−1of imazethapyr, bean injury decreased and chlorophyllaincreased compared to imazethapyr alone. Fifty three g ha−1of imazethapyr delayed physiological maturity by 8 and 15 d compared to the untreated control in 1991 and 1992, respectively. Pinto bean seed yields were not reduced compared to the untreated control. When 840 g ha−1of bentazon was tank-mixed with 53 g ha−1of imazethapyr, maturity was not delayed.14C-Imazethapyr absorption decreased by more than 40% and translocation of14C from the treated leaf decreased by more than 50% when14C-imazethapyr was tank-mixed with bentazon compared to14C-imazethapyr alone. The addition of 20 mM Na-acetate inhibited absorption of14C-imazethapyr, but did not inhibit translocation of14C. The decreased absorption and translocation of imazethapyr when tank-mixed with bentazon likely accounts for the safening effect observed in greenhouse and field studies.

Weed Control for Soybean (Glycine max) Planted in a Stale or Undisturbed Seedbed on Clay Soil

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry G. Heatherly ◽  
C. Dennis Elmore ◽  
Richard A. Wesley
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
No Till ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Made In

Field studies were conducted for three consecutive years to determine if PRE and/or POST herbicides were needed in addition to preplant foliar-applied glyphosate and POST cultivation for maximum seed yield of irrigated and nonirrigated soybean planted in stale and undisturbed seedbeds on clay soil. Soybean seed yields following the use of PRE and POST herbicides alone or in combination were similar in all years, and exceeded seed yield following the use of glyphosate plus POST cultivation only. Plantings made in no-till and fall-till seedbeds produced similar seed yields when both PRE and POST herbicides were used. These results indicate that glyphosate plus cultivation was not adequate for soybean in stale seedbed plantings, and that either PRE or POST herbicides, but not both, were required for maximum seed yield.

Row spacing and seeding rates to optimize safflower yield on the Canadian prairies

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-H. Mündel ◽  
R. J. Morrison ◽  
T. Entz ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
B. T. Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Seed Yields

Nine experiments were conducted in Alberta and Manitoba between 1988 and 1991 to determine the effect of row spacing and seeding rates on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) yield, oil content, test weight and maturity. Row spacings of 15 and 30 cm at Morden had little effect on yield, while in southern Alberta there was a tendency toward increased yields with narrow rows (23 cm) compared with wide rows (46 cm). Seeding rates of 32–40 kg ha−1 were required to obtain maximum seed yields. Oil content, test weight, and days to maturity were not consistently affected by row spacing or seeding rate. Key words:Carthamus, row spacings, seeding rates, yield, oil, test weight, maturity

ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF BARLEY STRIPE MOSAIC VIRUS IN THE CANADIAN PRAIRIES

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTHUR W. CHIKO ◽  
R. J. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Hordeum Distichum ◽  
Symptomless Infection

A method is described by which losses in seed yield due to barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) in commercially grown two-row barley (Hordeum distichum L. emend. Lam.) in the Canadian prairies were estimated. Commercial loss estimates were based on previously obtained survey data on the incidence of barley stripe mosaic (BSM) and experimentally determined yield losses for three cultivars of two-row barley inoculated with BSMV at the tillering stage. Based on studies conducted in several fields, a correction factor (1.5 × % plants with BSM symptoms) was used to account for probable symptomless infection by BSMV in surveyed fields examined at the tillering and jointing stages. Using this method, it was estimated that BSMV infection of two-row barley in southeastern Manitoba and southern Alberta accounted for combined yield losses of approximately 7,600 t (equivalent to about $0.8 million) in both 1974 and 1975. The possible nature of symptomless infection by BSMV is discussed.

Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) Interference and Control in Seed Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Moyer ◽  
G. Bruce Schaalje
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Hyperbolic Model ◽  
Threshold Density ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
And Control

Alfalfa seed yield and quackgrass density were measured in seven irrigated fields in southern Alberta to assess the effect of quackgrass on seed yield. Six herbicides were tested to determine their effect on quackgrass growth and accompanying alfalfa seed yield. The effect of quackgrass on seed yield was adequately described by a hyperbolic model. Quackgrass densities of 50 and 100 heads per m2reduced seed yields by 56 and 74%, respectively. The economic threshold density was 3 quackgrass heads per m2. The most effective herbicide treatments, quizalofop and propaquizafop, resulted in good initial quackgrass suppression and yield increases similar to those predicted by the hyperbolic model.

Annual Canarygrass (Phalaris canariensis) Tolerance and Weed Control Following Herbicide Application

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 673-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal W. Holt ◽  
Jim H. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Crop Stand ◽  
Phalaris Canariensis

Field studies were conducted in Saskatchewan to evaluate the effect of herbicides on annual canarygrass (Phalaris canariensisL.) and associated weeds. Bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) at 0.35 kg ai/ha, tank mixes of bromoxynil at 0.28 kg/ha plus the ester of MCPA [(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid] at 0.28 kg ae/ha, linuron [N′-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methoxy-N-methylurea] at 0.28 kg ai/ha plus MCPA amine at 0.56 kg/ha, or propanil [N-(3,4-dichlorophenyI)propanamide] at 1.0 kg ai/ha plus MCPA ester at 0.28 kg/ha resulted in annual canarygrass seed and dry matter yields equal to the unsprayed check and excellent wild mustard (Sinapis arvensisL. # SINAR) and cow cockle (Vaccaria pyramidataMedik. # VAAPY) control. Metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] at 0.21 kg ai/ha plus MCPA amine at 0.56 kg/ha reduced the crop stand in 1 out of 5 yr and seed yield every year. Postemergence application of difenzoquat (1,2-dimethyl-3,5-dipheny1-1H-pyrazolium) at 0.84 kg ai/ha or flamprop [N-benzoyl-N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-DL-alanine] at 0.53 kg ai/ha, or preplant-incorporated triallate [S-(2,3,3-trichloro-2-propenyl)bis(1-methylethyl)carbamothioate] at 1.40 kg ai/ha optimized wild oat (Avena fatuaL. # AVEFA) control with seed yields. Diclofop {(±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy)propanoic acid} at 0.70 kg ai/ha severely damaged annual canarygrass in all years. Triallate applied at 1.40 kg/ha preplant or preemergence incorporated marginally reduced the crop stand and seed yield compared to the untreated controls in tolerance tests.

Early and Late-Season Insecticide Applications in Seed Alfalfa: Impact on Pest Species and Yield2

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Schaber ◽  
W. A. Charnetski ◽  
T. Entz
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Alfalfa Plant ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Adelphocoris Lineolatus ◽  
Pest Insects ◽  
Seed Yields

Alfalfa is grown for seed on approximately 9,500 ha in Alberta, Canada. Pest insects, such as Lygus spp. and the alfalfa plant bug, Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze), (Heteroptera: Miridae) can reduce seed yield if they are not controlled. However, little is known of the damage caused by these pest insects during late seed formation and development. Field studies were conducted during 1983 and 1986 to determine the effect of early- and late-season applications of the insecticides trichlorfon and phosmet alone and combined on Lygus spp., alfalfa plant bug and seed yield of alfalfa. Effects were dependent on the time of application, year, and insect species. Lygus spp. densities for late-season trichlorfon treatments were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the control. Trichlorfon and phosmet had no effect on densities of alfalfa plant bugs in 1983, but some late-season trichlorfon treatments did reduce plant bug densities in 1986. Seed yields in plots receiving late-season trichlorfon were generally greater than in the control in both years.

Response of Sunflower to Rainwater Conservation and Nutrient Management in Semi-arid Conditions

Helia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (63) ◽  
pp. 253-268
Author(s):  
S. L. Patil ◽  
P. K. Mishra ◽  
M. N. Ramesha ◽  
S. K. N. Math
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Nutrients Availability ◽  
Seed Yields

AbstractSunflower is an important oilseed crop grown throughout the year due to its short duration, day neutral, low photoperiod sensitivity and wider adoptability to agroclimatic conditions and soil types in Asian countries. Lower yields of sunflower in rainfed vertisols are attributed to lower soil moisture and nutrients availability. In this situation, we conducted field studies at research farm and farmers’ fields to know the response of sunflower to rainwater conservation and nutrient management in vertisols of India. Compartmental bunding and ridges and furrows conserved more rainwater in profile, thus producing greater sunflower seed yields varying from 22% to 28% compared to farmers’ practice of flat-bed sowing. Greater seed yield with resource conservation is attributed to higher head diameter with greater head weight and seed weight per plant over flat-bed sowing. Nutrient management as farmers practice INM1 (15 kg N ha−1 + 15 kg P2O5 ha−1 + 1.0 t farmyard manure ha−1) with Azospirillum seed treatment (INM2) produced 5–6% higher seed yield, whereas recommended rate of nutrients (40 kg N ha−1 + 40 kg P2O5 ha−1 + 2.0 t farmyard manure ha−1) with Azospirillum seed treatment (INM3) produced 13–16% greater seed yield both at research farm and farmers’ fields over INM1.

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