Micromorphological evidence of pedogenetic pathway of a Podzolic Gray Luvisol (Falmouth series) in Nova Scotia

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wang ◽  
G. R. Brewster ◽  
K. T. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Acidic Nature ◽  
Gray Luvisol ◽  
Bt Horizon

A catena of Podzolic Gray Luvisols (Falmouth series) – Gleyed Gray Luvisols (Queens series) – Orthic Gleysols (Kingsville series) is commonly found on fine loamy, weakly calcareous parent materials in Nova Scotia, with Podzolic Gray Luvisols occupying the best drained landscape positions. The hypothesis that podzolic B horizons of Podzolic Gray Luvisols were developed on degraded Bt horizons was investigated by micromorphological characterization of one Podzolic Gray Luvisol pedon. Although not visible in field examinations, argillans were common in thin sections of the Bf and Bm horizons. These argillans were not associated with the walls of voids or the surface of grains. Argillans of the Bt horizons, however, were associated with features such as cracks, vughs, and channels. The upper Bt horizon (i.e., Bt1gj) showed signs of degradation. The pale brown matrix color was more like the Bm horizon above than the dark brown Bt2gj horizon below. The strongly acidic nature of the Bt1gj horizon may have triggered degradation. It is concluded that the Bf and Bm horizons were developed on degraded Bt horizons through the translocation of amorphous Fe and Al and organic matter. Key words: Pedogenesis, micromorphology, Luvisols, bisequal soils

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME SOILS DERIVED FROM REDDISH BROWN MATERIALS IN THE ATLANTIC PROVINCES

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McKeague ◽  
D. B. Cann
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
High Bulk ◽  
Obvious Feature ◽  
Bt Horizon

Nearly all of the 16 soils from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick that were studied had Ae horizons, acid sola and dense, reddish brown parent materials, but they differed widely in the kind and the degree of B horizon development. Particle-size analyses supported the micromorphological observations in indicating that marked illuviation of clay had occurred in some soils, and weak illuviation in others. In a few soils it was difficult to estimate the extent of Bt horizon development as there were obvious discontinuities in the materials. Horizons having the chemical requirements of Podzol B horizons (Bf), significant accumulations of amorphous Al and Fe associated with organic matter, were found in only three of the soils. None of the soils had a Bft horizon; hence, the subgroup, Textural Podzol, should be eliminated. Bisequa development was evident in several of the soils and one was a Bisequa Podzol. Prominently mottled Bg horizons were the most obvious feature of the Gleysolic soils and some of them had Btg horizons. The bulk density of the fragipan in one of the soils was about 2.0, and many of the parent materials had equally high bulk densities. Free carbonates occurred at depths ranging from 60 to 180 cm in 12 of the 16 soils studied.

THE ORIGIN OF BANDS IN SANDY SOILS OF THE STONY PLAIN AREA

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Coen ◽  
S. Pawluk ◽  
W. Odynsky
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Total Thickness ◽  
Free Iron ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Plain Area ◽  
Mineralogical Characteristics ◽  
Bt Horizon

The presence of bands in the lower sola has presented difficulties in the classification of soils developed from pitted deltaic sandy parent materials west of Edmonton, Alberta. The bands were shown to contain more organic matter, free iron, and clay than the interbands, which resulted in a darker, redder color and finer texture as observed in the field. The bands were often coincidental with stratified layers, but their occasional transgression across geologic stratification and their development in profiles without stratification suggested a pedogenic origin. Micropedological investigations revealed oriented clay around the sand grains in the bands and not the interbands, further indicating that the increase in clay was due, at least in part, to illuviation.The bands in the soils investigated have sufficient total thickness of clay accumulation to meet the requirements for a Bt horizon and together with their chemical, physical, and mineralogical characteristics permit their inclusion in the Eluviated Dark Grey Subgroup of the Chernozemic Order and the Orthic Dark Grey Wooded Subgroup of the Podzolic Order.

A MORPHOMETRIC SYSTEM FOR DESCRIBING THE MICROMORPHOLOGY OF ORGANIC SOILS AND ORGANIC LAYERS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. FOX
Keyword(s):  
Granular Material ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Thin Section ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Organic Layers ◽  
Descriptive System ◽  
Descriptive Method

A descriptive system is outlined for characterizing, in thin sections, the micromorphology of organic soils and organic layers. In each thin section, distinct regions of morphology, fabric zones, can be recognized. Each fabric zone may be composed of various combinations of organic constituents. These constituents are designated as basic morphologic units and four main types are defined: particulate material, granular units, discrete compound particles, and massive-appearing fabric. The fabric zone and basic morphologic units can be coded in a fabric description symbol of the following simple general form [Fabric Unit]1 …[Fabric Unit]n, where [Fabric Unit] represents a particular fabric zone and its basic morphologic units. For example, [PpGa] [Ma] is a fabric description symbol indicating that two fabric zones are identified in the thin section. The first [PpBa] is the dominant fabric zone in the thin section (areal proportion) and is composed of two basic morphologic units, mainly recognizable plant fragments, Pp, and a lesser occurrence of amorphous granular material, Ga. The second fabric unit [Ma] indicates a fabric zone composed of one basic morphologic unit: amorphous massive-appearing fabric, Ma. The system is applied to the micromorphological characterization of a Typic Mesisol from Keswick, Ontario. Key words: Microcorphology, organic soils, descriptive method, characterization

A FLUORESCENCE CONTRIBUTION TO THE RECOGNITION OF FLUIDS TRAPPED IN MINERALS IN THE CARPATHIAN OUTCROPS

2019 ◽  
Vol 474 (474) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Katarzyna JARMOŁOWICZ-SZULC
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fluid Inclusion ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
The West ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Fluorescence Studies ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Inclusion Methods

Based on the assumption that fluorescence studies are an important tool in search and characterization of hydrocarbons, samples of rocks, minerals and the organic matter were collected in the Western Carpathian area spreading from the Mszana Górna region in the west to the Bieszczady Mts. in the east, and continuously, towards SE outside the Polish frontier, in Ukraine and Slovakia. Analytical procedures comprised preparation, microscopic observation of the material (organic matter and minerals) from the point of view of inclusions and fluorescence followed by detailed luminescence studies. Those steps have been followed by the microthermometric determinations. The application of the fluid inclusion methods, which are one of the newest analytical tools in the last two decades have led to the characteristics of fluids trapped in the inclusions in the area. The fluorescence studies showed some diversity of hydrocarbons both in compositions and in distribution. The analyses were performed in double-sided polished thin sections prepared based on cold techniques. Fluorescence of inclusions in two minerals, quartz and calcite, was checked in those specific thin sections either in glued wafers, or loose (single) crystals. The fluid inclusion studies were accompanied later on by solid organic matter inclusion studies. Those point to the presence of the following minerals: quartz, dolomite, calcite, clay minerals, gypsum with anhydrite admixture, traces of pyrite and siderite, feldspars. General distribution of fluorescing and not fluorescing inclusions suggests the presence of light hydrocarbons (methane) in the west and south of the area, being enriched in higher hydrocarbons (oil) towards the east.

MICROMORPHOLOGY AND ENERGY DISPERSIVE ANALYSIS OF ORTSTEIN HORIZONS OF PODZOLIC SOILS FROM NEW BRUNSWICK AND NOVA SCOTIA, CANADA

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McKEAGUE ◽  
C. WANG
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Organic Complexes ◽  
Cementing Material

Cutans that coat and link sand grains in cemented podzolic B horizons (ortstein) of well and poorly drained podzolic soils from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick were described in thin sections and analyzed by energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The principal type of cutan was brown and weakly to moderately anisotropic; it included numerous silt and fine sand grains. X-ray spectra showed this type to be composed dominantly of Al and Si with lesser amounts of K and Fe, and minor amounts of P, S, and other elements. The silt and clay particles of these cutans were apparently impregnated with Al, Fe-organic complexes. Another common type of cutan was dark reddish brown, monomorphic and isotropic; it consisted mainly of Al and organic matter as indicated by dominant Al and weak P and S peaks. In a few samples such cutans were composed mainly of Fe and organic matter. Rarer black cutans contained Mn in various proportions. The dominant cementing material of these ortstein horizons was shown to be organic complexes of Al and, less commonly, of Fe. The genesis of soils with ortstein is discussed.

CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS DEVELOPED ON BASIC PARENT MATERIALS IN THE CANADIAN AND FRENCH SYSTEMS OF SOIL CLASSIFICATION

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. DE KIMPE ◽  
J. DEJOU
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Parent Materials

Six profiles of soils developed on parent materials poor in SiO2 but rich in total Fe (> 10% Fe2O3), were sampled in Canada and France. In the French system of soil classification, the soils were classified as Andosols or Andic and Andic Brown soils because of their large amounts of < 50 μm particles and amorphous material, and their low bulk density related to large percentages of organic matter. All profiles contained one or more horizons that met the criteria of a Podzolic B horizon in the Canadian system of soil classification. The absence of a class for Andosols makes an appropriate classification of these soils difficult in the Canadian system. Key words: Andosols, Andic soils, Andic brown soils, podzols, soil classification

PROPERTIES AND GENESIS OF A BISEQUA SOIL FROM CAPE BRETON ISLAND

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McKeague ◽  
G. A. Bourbeau ◽  
D. B. Cann
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Cape Breton Island ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
Calcareous Deposits ◽  
Bt Horizon

Evidence based upon macro- and micromorphological observations, particle-size distribution, chemical and mineralogical analyses indicated bisequa development in a soil formed from brown to reddish brown, calcareous clay loam till in Cape Breton Island. Within the upper solum, there was a white Ae horizon depleted of clay and sesquioxides, underlain by weakly developed B horizons in which some secondary forms of Fe and Al and some clay but little organic matter had accumulated. A second Ae horizon separated the upper solum from the Bt horizon. Estimates of the areal distribution of oriented (presumably translocated) clay from observations of thin sections were: none in the upper Ae horizon, 7.9% in the Bt horizon and 1.2% in the Ck horizon. The results suggested that many of the soils formed from reddish brown, medium-to fine-textured, calcareous deposits in the Atlantic Provinces may be Gray Wooded soils with some degree of secondary Podzol development in the upper solum.

MACRO- AND MICROMORPHOLOGY OF TEN REDDISH BROWN SOILS FROM THE ATLANTIC PROVINCES

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McKeague ◽  
G. A. Bourbeau ◽  
J. I. MacDougall ◽  
K. K. Langmaid
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Bt Horizon

Detailed morphological studies of monoliths and thin sections of 10 soils formed in reddish brown deposits in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick revealed appreciable differences in the kind and degree of development. Contrary to recent concepts of pedogenesis in this area, it was found that Podzol development was restricted to the coarser materials. Clay translocation had occurred in most of the soils and five of them, including two Gleysolic soils, had Bt horizons. Free carbonate occurred within 140 cm of the surface of seven of the soils, but it was not established that free carbonate had occurred in all of the materials from which the sola developed. Bisequa development was evident in four of the soils, and in one of these it appeared that there were two sequa of clay eluviation and illuviation. No micromorphological evidence was found of a Bft horizon in any of the soils. The study casts further doubt upon the validity of the concept that there is, in the Atlantic Provinces, a group of soils (Textural Podzol) having a Bt horizon that satisfies the requirements of a Podzol B.

The Immuno-Electron Microscopic Localization of the Mo-Fe Protein Component of Nitrogenase in Cells of Azotobacter Vinelandii

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 574-575
Author(s):  
J. T. Stasny ◽  
R. C. Burns ◽  
R. W. F. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Azotobacter Vinelandii ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Protein Component ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Fe Protein ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Membranes

Structure-functlon studies of biological N2-fixation have correlated the presence of the enzyme nitrogenase with increased numbers of intracytoplasmic membranes in Azotobacter. However no direct evidence has been provided for the internal cellular localization of any nitrogenase. Recent advances concerned with the crystallizatiorTand the electron microscopic characterization of the Mo-Fe protein component of Azotobacter nitrogenase, prompted the use of this purified protein to obtain antibodies (Ab) to be conjugated to electron dense markers for the intracellular localization of the protein by electron microscopy. The present study describes the use of ferritin conjugated to goat antitMo-Fe protein immunoglobulin (IgG) and the observations following its topical application to thin sections of N2-grown Azotobacter.

Characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted from soils by hot water percolation (HWP)

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Takács ◽  
Gy. Füleky
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Water Percolation ◽  
Soil Humic Acid

The Hot Water Percolation (HWP) technique for preparing soil extracts has several advantages: it is easily carried out, fast, and several parameters can be measured from the same solution. The object of this study was to examine the possible use of HWP extracts for the characterization of soil organic matter. The HPLC-SEC chromatograms, UV-VIS and fluorescence properties of the HWP extracts were studied and the results were compared with those of the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) Soil Humic Acid (HA), IHSS Soil Fulvic Acid (FA) and IHSS Suwannee Natural Organic Matter (NOM) standards as well as their HA counterparts isolated by traditional extraction methods from the original soil samples. The DOM of the HWP solution is probably a mixture of organic materials, which have some characteristics similar to the Soil FA fractions and NOM. The HWP extracted organic material can be studied and characterized using simple techniques, like UV-VIS and fluorescence spectroscopy.

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