MACRO- AND MICROMORPHOLOGY OF TEN REDDISH BROWN SOILS FROM THE ATLANTIC PROVINCES

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McKeague ◽  
G. A. Bourbeau ◽  
J. I. MacDougall ◽  
K. K. Langmaid
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Bt Horizon

Detailed morphological studies of monoliths and thin sections of 10 soils formed in reddish brown deposits in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick revealed appreciable differences in the kind and degree of development. Contrary to recent concepts of pedogenesis in this area, it was found that Podzol development was restricted to the coarser materials. Clay translocation had occurred in most of the soils and five of them, including two Gleysolic soils, had Bt horizons. Free carbonate occurred within 140 cm of the surface of seven of the soils, but it was not established that free carbonate had occurred in all of the materials from which the sola developed. Bisequa development was evident in four of the soils, and in one of these it appeared that there were two sequa of clay eluviation and illuviation. No micromorphological evidence was found of a Bft horizon in any of the soils. The study casts further doubt upon the validity of the concept that there is, in the Atlantic Provinces, a group of soils (Textural Podzol) having a Bt horizon that satisfies the requirements of a Podzol B.

MICROMORPHOLOGY AND ENERGY DISPERSIVE ANALYSIS OF ORTSTEIN HORIZONS OF PODZOLIC SOILS FROM NEW BRUNSWICK AND NOVA SCOTIA, CANADA

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McKEAGUE ◽  
C. WANG
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Organic Complexes ◽  
Cementing Material

Cutans that coat and link sand grains in cemented podzolic B horizons (ortstein) of well and poorly drained podzolic soils from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick were described in thin sections and analyzed by energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The principal type of cutan was brown and weakly to moderately anisotropic; it included numerous silt and fine sand grains. X-ray spectra showed this type to be composed dominantly of Al and Si with lesser amounts of K and Fe, and minor amounts of P, S, and other elements. The silt and clay particles of these cutans were apparently impregnated with Al, Fe-organic complexes. Another common type of cutan was dark reddish brown, monomorphic and isotropic; it consisted mainly of Al and organic matter as indicated by dominant Al and weak P and S peaks. In a few samples such cutans were composed mainly of Fe and organic matter. Rarer black cutans contained Mn in various proportions. The dominant cementing material of these ortstein horizons was shown to be organic complexes of Al and, less commonly, of Fe. The genesis of soils with ortstein is discussed.

Micromorphological evidence of pedogenetic pathway of a Podzolic Gray Luvisol (Falmouth series) in Nova Scotia

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wang ◽  
G. R. Brewster ◽  
K. T. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Acidic Nature ◽  
Gray Luvisol ◽  
Bt Horizon

A catena of Podzolic Gray Luvisols (Falmouth series) – Gleyed Gray Luvisols (Queens series) – Orthic Gleysols (Kingsville series) is commonly found on fine loamy, weakly calcareous parent materials in Nova Scotia, with Podzolic Gray Luvisols occupying the best drained landscape positions. The hypothesis that podzolic B horizons of Podzolic Gray Luvisols were developed on degraded Bt horizons was investigated by micromorphological characterization of one Podzolic Gray Luvisol pedon. Although not visible in field examinations, argillans were common in thin sections of the Bf and Bm horizons. These argillans were not associated with the walls of voids or the surface of grains. Argillans of the Bt horizons, however, were associated with features such as cracks, vughs, and channels. The upper Bt horizon (i.e., Bt1gj) showed signs of degradation. The pale brown matrix color was more like the Bm horizon above than the dark brown Bt2gj horizon below. The strongly acidic nature of the Bt1gj horizon may have triggered degradation. It is concluded that the Bf and Bm horizons were developed on degraded Bt horizons through the translocation of amorphous Fe and Al and organic matter. Key words: Pedogenesis, micromorphology, Luvisols, bisequal soils

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME SOILS DERIVED FROM REDDISH BROWN MATERIALS IN THE ATLANTIC PROVINCES

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McKeague ◽  
D. B. Cann
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
High Bulk ◽  
Obvious Feature ◽  
Bt Horizon

Nearly all of the 16 soils from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick that were studied had Ae horizons, acid sola and dense, reddish brown parent materials, but they differed widely in the kind and the degree of B horizon development. Particle-size analyses supported the micromorphological observations in indicating that marked illuviation of clay had occurred in some soils, and weak illuviation in others. In a few soils it was difficult to estimate the extent of Bt horizon development as there were obvious discontinuities in the materials. Horizons having the chemical requirements of Podzol B horizons (Bf), significant accumulations of amorphous Al and Fe associated with organic matter, were found in only three of the soils. None of the soils had a Bft horizon; hence, the subgroup, Textural Podzol, should be eliminated. Bisequa development was evident in several of the soils and one was a Bisequa Podzol. Prominently mottled Bg horizons were the most obvious feature of the Gleysolic soils and some of them had Btg horizons. The bulk density of the fragipan in one of the soils was about 2.0, and many of the parent materials had equally high bulk densities. Free carbonates occurred at depths ranging from 60 to 180 cm in 12 of the 16 soils studied.

Taxonomic revision of the long-tailed shrew, Sorex dispar Batchelder, 1911, from the Appalachian Region of North America, with the description of a new subspecies

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 1837-1846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor E Diersing
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
North America ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Skull Morphology ◽  
Connecticut River ◽  
Cape Breton Island ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Cape Breton

Abstract The long-tailed shrew, Sorex dispar Batchelder, 1911, and Gaspe shrew, S. gaspensis Anthony and Goodwin, 1924, from the Appalachian Mountains of North America have been characterized as genetically highly similar, and that one is morphologically a clinal variate of the other, i.e., there is a single species. I measured 24 characters of the skull on 196 shrews from throughout the range of the species. Geographic variation in skull shape and size was not gradual or continuous, but abrupt. These abrupt changes in morphology are associated with major water barriers, primarily the Connecticut River, middle Saint John River, and the Strait of Canso, which separates mainland Nova Scotia from Cape Breton Island. The morphological analyses presented here and previous genetic studies indicate that S. dispar and S. gaspensis are likely conspecific. Shrews with the largest skull occur from North Carolina north to Vermont and are referable to S. d. dispar with S. d. blitchi as a synonym. Shrews from New Hampshire northeast to southern New Brunswick and mainland Nova Scotia have a medium-sized skull and are referable to a new subspecies. Those from northern New Brunswick, Gaspe Peninsula of Quebec, and Cape Breton Island have a small skull and are referable to S. d. gaspensis. The skull morphology of S. d. gaspensis and the new subspecies are more similar to each other than to S. d. dispar. Results of this study differ from those of previous morphological studies because measurement error and within-group variation were reduced, which allowed for visibility of otherwise “hidden” between-group differences, or geographic variation.

Organochlorine Residues in Brook Trout and Yellow Perch From New Brunswick and Nova Scotia (Canada) Lakes

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-364
Author(s):  
R. Peterson ◽  
S. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Intensive Agriculture ◽  
Fish Tissues ◽  
North Central ◽  
Ddt Metabolites ◽  
Headwater Lakes

Abstract Brook trout and yellow perch collected while surveying New Brunswick and Nova Scotia headwater lakes were analyzed for DDT metabolites, chlordane, hexacyclohexane isomers, hexachlorobenzene, toxaphene and PCB’s. Concentrations of DDT metabolites were much higher from fish taken from lakes in north-central N.B. (200-700 ng/g wet wt) than from fish taken elsewhere (<10 ng/g). Seventy to 90% of the DDT metabolites was DDE. Chlordane (3-13 ng/g) was analyzed in seven trout, six of them from central N.B. areas with intensive agriculture. Isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane were in highest concentration from north-central N.B. (10-20 ng/g), eastern N.S. (5-15 ng/g) and southern N.B. (5-20 ng/g). In most cases, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) was the isomer in highest concentration. Concentrations of hexachlorobenzene in fish tissues was highly variable with no obvious geographic bias. PCB’s were detected in very few fish, and no toxaphene was detected.

Pollen evidence for the postglacial origins of Nova Scotia's forests

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1163-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Green
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
New England ◽  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
Pollen Diagrams ◽  
Propagule Dispersal ◽  
Coastal Shelf ◽  
Maritime Canada

Pollen diagrams from sites in southwest Nova Scotia and close to the New Brunswick – Nova Scotia border show that after retreat of the Wisconsin ice sheets, most tree taxa arrived in the extreme southwest of Nova Scotia earlier than anywhere else in the province. For most tree taxa, arrival times at sites in maritime Canada and in northeastern New England are consistent with very early dispersal of individuals along the coastal strip via the exposed coastal shelf and with their entering Nova Scotia from the southwest. These scattered pioneer populations acted as centres for major population expansions, which followed much later in some cases. Local environments, fire, and interspecies competition appear to have been more important than propagule dispersal rates as factors limiting the spread of most taxa.

PREDATION BY INSECTS AND SPIDERS INHABITING COLONIAL WEBS OF HYPHANTRIA CUNEA

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 1197-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
North America ◽  
Population Density ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Numerical Response ◽  
Initial Number ◽  
Hyphantria Cunea ◽  
The North ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe number of predators inhabiting nests of Hyphantria cunea Drury was recorded annually for 13 years in four areas in New Brunswick and two areas on the coast of Nova Scotia. The most common groups were the pentatomids and spiders, which sometimes reproduced within the nests, but the mean number per nest was low in relation to the number of H. cunea larvae in the colonies. The rate of predation on fifth-instar larvae was low. Small or timid predators appeared to prey largely on moribund larvae or small saprophagans during the principal defoliating instars of H. cunea.No relationship could be detected between the number of larvae reaching the fifth instar and the number of predators in the colony; nor could any functional or numerical response of the predators to either the initial number of larvae per colony or the population density of colonies be found. It is concluded that the influence of the nest-inhabiting predators is small and relatively stable, and may be treated as a constant in the development of models to explain the population dynamics of H. cunea.H. cunea is a pest in parts of Europe and Asia, where it has been accidentally introduced from North America. The introduction to other continents of the North American predator, Podisus maculiventiis (Say), is discussed briefly.

Limnetic Zooplankton Assemblages in Atlantic Canada with Special Reference to Acidification

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 444-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. H. Carter ◽  
W. D. Taylor ◽  
R. Chengalath ◽  
D. A. Scruton
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Multiple Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Biological Factors

Crustacean and rotifer plankton assemblages of 93 lakes in Labrador, 107 in Newfoundland, and 142 in New Brunswick – Nova Scotia were investigated for evidence of correlations with lake morphometric, chemical, or biological factors. Labrador assemblages were almost completely lacking in identifiable structure. Newfoundland species clustered into two groups of different body size, suggesting the influence of fish predation. Only one species in Labrador and Newfoundland was significantly correlated with a derived factor related to lake water buffering capacity. New Brunswick – Nova Scotia species clustered into two groups, one featuring significant positive and the other significant negative correlations with the buffering factor. From this we conclude that acidification is having an impact on the limnetic zooplankton of these two provinces. Multiple discriminant analysis was used to demonstrate that New Brunswick – Nova Scotia lakes differing in their buffering capacity were also distinct in zooplankton composition. Lakes with low factor scores (low pH, alkalinity, and calcium) were mainly located in the Bay of Fundy region; this area has above average fog and precipitation, and lies within the summer air flow carrying pollutants from the south.

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