Soil respiration in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and fallow fields

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Rochette ◽  
R. L. Desjardins ◽  
E. G. Gregorich ◽  
E. Pattey ◽  
R. Lessard
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Eddy Correlation ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Fallow Soil ◽  
The Impact

A study was carried out to quantify the diurnal variation of soil respiration in fallow and barley fields and to assess the impact of atmospheric CO2 concentration (C) and crop photosynthesis on soil respiration rates under field conditions. Soil respiration rate was measured twice a day (06:00 and 13:00 h EST) for 69 consecutive days at Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, during the 1990 growing season. Measurements were taken on fallow and under a barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Léger’) crop using a dynamic closed chamber system. Crop net photosynthesis was obtained by substracting soil respiration from the vertical CO2 fluxes above the crop which was obtained using the eddy correlation technique. Afternoon soil respiration averaged 22 and 17% more than that in the morning on fallow and barley soils, respectively. No correlation was found between atmospheric CO2 concentration and morning respiration rates. The two daily respiration measurements on fallow soil could be fit to the same function of soil temperature despite important differences in C at the time of measurement. These results indicate that soil temperature might account for the differences in R between morning and afternoon, and that the effect of C need not be considered for the modelling of the soil respiration diurnal cycle. Respiration in soil under barley was 25% lower than in fallow soil. Soil under barley was estimated to have at least 199 g C m−2 more than fallow soil at the time of harvest due to the lower soil respiration and to the input of carbon by barley root residues. High correlations were obtained between crop photosynthesis and soil respiration rates during vegetative and reproductive periods, confirming that the biotic plant component is an important factor controlling soil respiration rates in cropped fields. Key words: Root respiration, chamber measurements, CO2 flux, crop net photosynthesis, greenhouse gas, soil organic matter.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of Boron Improves the Growth and Yield in Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Shafiq AHMAD ◽  
Taqi RAZA ◽  
Shakeel IMRAN ◽  
Neal S. EASH ◽  
Nawab KHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Seed Index ◽  
The Impact

Crop productivity is limited by several environmental constraints. Among these, micronutrients availability to plants plays a key role in agricultural crops production. Boron is an important micronutrient for crops and it significantly aids in a grain setting. Soil applied boron become unavailable to plant due to fixation in soil sites and cause nutrients deficiency in plants, immature grain settings, and yield reduction. Thus, the aim of this work was to quantify the impact of the foliar application of boron gradients on the yield and growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Five treatments were studied, which included; T1= Control (0% B), T2 = 0.5% B, T3 = 1% B, T4 =1.5% B, and T5 =2% B. The results indicated that foliar application of B significantly increased the yield and growth traits in barley. However, 2% foliar application of B showed the highest value for all studied traits including; plant height (5.6%), number of tillers per plant (2.4%), spike length (32%), weight gain per spike (6.2%), seed index (6%), grain yield (10%), and biological yield (4%). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the foliar application of B at 2% can be used to improve the growth and yield in barley.

Harvesting and slash piling affects soil respiration, soil temperature, and soil moisture regimes in Newfoundland boreal forests

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Moroni ◽  
P. Q. Carter ◽  
D. A.J. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
A Minor

The effect of harvesting and slash piling on soil respiration, temperature and moisture was examined in a balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and a black spruce (Picea marinara) forest located in western Newfoundland, Canada, 2 mo to 2.5 yr following harvesting. Within 4 mo of harvesting, soil temperature, moisture, and soil respiration rates were affected by harvesting and slash piling. Clearcut areas without slash (CC-S) had significantly lower soil respiration rates than uncut forests (F). However, clearcut areas with slash cover (CC+S) had significantly higher soil respiration rates than CC-S. When harvested areas with and without slash were combined, harvesting decreased soil respiration in the black spruce forest but had no effect on soil respiration in the balsam fir forest. Harvesting increased soil temperatures at 10 cm, however CC+S temperatures were cooler than CC-S temperatures. Harvested areas tended to dry faster than F, although soil moisture levels at >3.5 cm were not significantly depleted. However, there was evidence of soil drying at <3.5 cm. Soil temperature (at 10 cm) at the time of measurement was most strongly correlated to rates of soil respiration. Temporal variability and treatment effects (harvesting and slash piling) played a minor role in explaining soil respiration rates when variations in soil respiration were adjusted for 10-cm soil temperature,. Soil moisture levels (3.5-9.5 cm depth), which did not vary widely, also played a minor role in explaining soil respiration rates.Key words: Clearcut, Abies balsamea, Picea marinara, carbon dioxide, greenhouse gas

Boron toxicity in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings in relation to soil temperature

1995 ◽  
Vol 177 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mahalakshmi ◽  
S. K. Yau ◽  
J. Ryan ◽  
J. M. Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Boron Toxicity ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

Farmer-directed on-farm experimentation examining the impact of companion planting barley and oats on timothyalfalfa forage establishment in central Newfoundland

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Spaner and A. G. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Oats (Avena sativa L.) or barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) sown at increasing seeding rates of 23, 45 and 68 kg ha-1 with a timothy (Phleum pratense L.)-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixture (harvested at cereal soft dough) resulted in increasing forage yields containing decreasing alfalfa, crude protein, P and Ca percentage in the planting year. Barley out-yielded oats by 11% in the planting year. Oats or barley sown at seeding rates up to 68 kg ha-1 do not impede underseeded forage establishment or forage production in the subsequent year in central Newfoundland. The implications of farmer-directed on-farm experimentation are discussed. Key words: Hordeum vulgare L., Avena sativa L., Phleum pratense L, Medicago sativa L., underseeding

scholarly journals Changes in Triticum aestivum and Hordeum vulgare chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters under impact of various sapropel concentrations

Biologija ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martynas Klepeckas ◽  
Irena Januškaitienė
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Chlorophyll Content And Fluorescence ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of sapropel of Tarosiškis Lake on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) photosynthesis parameters (the  content of chlorophylls and chlorophyll fluorescence). Plants were sown in one-litre-volume pots by 10 seeds with light loamy soil and grown in growth chambers. Considering sapropel composition, 2.2, 3.1, and 4  t/ha dry sapropel concentrations were chosen for investigation. Sapropel-affected plants were compared with plants grown in unfertilized soils and soils fertilized with inorganic fertilizer. On day 14 of the experiment, when the plants reached the two-leaves development stage (BBCH 12), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the  investigated plants were measured. Then the plants were grown for another four weeks and at the stem elongation stage (BBCH 31) chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured repeatedly, and the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids were measured as well. By increasing sapropel concentration in soil, the ratio Fv/Fm in wheat leaves increased (r = 0.97) significantly (p  0.05). Fv/Fm of barley followed the same tendency. By increasing sapropel concentration, the PI index value also increased for wheat (r = 0.4; p > 0.05) and barley (r = 0.82; p 

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ON PLANT GROWTH

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina MOROZ ◽  
Ingrida CHEMERYS
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Test Objects ◽  
Control Samples

The increasing level of electromagnetic radiation is a dangerous factor that poses risks of damage to living organisms. Currently, research focuses on the influence of industrial sources of electromagnetic radiation; however, the sources of such radiation in the living environment are given insufficient attention. The combined effects of these sources of radiation on living organisms can be investigated using phytoindication. The purpose of the current study was to analyze the impact of electromagnetic radiation on the growth of cereals. Assessment of the trends of change in the length of shoots of test objects at the average absolute growth, the average rate of change and the average growth rate showed inhibition of plant growth indicators, but the most depressing effect was caused by radiation from a computer systems unit and a TV (shorter shoots compared to the control samples ranged between 13.3% in Hordeum vulgare L. to 46.2% in Sorghum vulgare Pers.). The study defined the sensitivity of test objects to electromagnetic radiation of appliances (in descending order): Sorghum vulgare Pers. – Triticum aestivum L. – Hordeum vulgare L. (maximum inhibition of growth performance compared to control samples stood at 46.2%, 27.9%, 15.3% respectively).

Direct Measurements of New-Particle Fluxes in the Coastal Environment

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Flanagan ◽  
Michael Geever ◽  
Colin D. O'Dowd
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Coastal Environment ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Eddy Correlation ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Secondary Aerosol ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction ◽  
The Impact

Environmental Context.The formation of new secondary aerosol particles in the natural atmosphere is important in terms of controlling the background aerosol population, which significantly impacts on climate. The coastal zone is perhaps the strongest natural source of new secondary aerosol particles, driven by the release of biogenic vapours, which, after undergoing photochemical reactions, lead to the massive production of nucleation mode aerosols, with concentrations often reaching in excess of 106 cm−3. Quantification of this source strength is important, particularly on a regional scale, in terms of estimating the impact of aerosols on climate. Abstract.Measurements of the flux of new secondary aerosol particles during nucleation events in the coastal environment using an eddy-correlation technique are reported for the first time. Events are divided into two types based on the prevailing wind direction. During tidal-related nucleation events, new-particle upward fluxes are typically of the order of 109–1010 particles m−2 s−1. A close correlation (r2 = 0.86) was found between total particle concentration and total (positive) flux when air masses were not affected by multiple sources. This would suggest that continuous measurements of particle number concentration at Mace Head can be translated into a flux using the resulting parameterization. It is expected that parameterizations obtained from similar data and analysis would be equally feasible at other coastal locations.

The Research on the Impact Factors of Low-Quality Stands Soil Respiration after Different Transformations in Greater Higgnan Mountains

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3217-3221
Author(s):  
Hao Ji ◽  
Xi Bin Dong
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Forest Gap ◽  
Soil Respiration Rate ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
The Impact

Low-quality stands in Greater Higgnan Mountains were transformed by clear-cuttings with different area of forest gaps, then larch were planted after induced transformations. The LI-8150 multi-channel automated soil CO2 flux system was used to measure CO2 flux on soil surface. Changes of different soil respiration rates and influence factors were analyzed after different transformations. The results indicated that the soil respiration rates were all raised after different transformations compared with no interfered control plots. After analyzing different transformations comprehensively, it showed that the soil respiration rate performed a negative correlation with the soil density significantly, while the correlation with soil organic matter and litter weight in little decomposed was positive (p﹤0.05). The largest Q10 with forest gap area of 625 m2 was 3.561. Influenced by soil respiration rate, soil underground with depth of 10cm showed the strongest temperature sensitivity. The smallest Q10 with forest gap area of 900 m2 was 2.312, and temperature sensitivity of soil was the weakest.

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