scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ON PLANT GROWTH

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina MOROZ ◽  
Ingrida CHEMERYS
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Test Objects ◽  
Control Samples

The increasing level of electromagnetic radiation is a dangerous factor that poses risks of damage to living organisms. Currently, research focuses on the influence of industrial sources of electromagnetic radiation; however, the sources of such radiation in the living environment are given insufficient attention. The combined effects of these sources of radiation on living organisms can be investigated using phytoindication. The purpose of the current study was to analyze the impact of electromagnetic radiation on the growth of cereals. Assessment of the trends of change in the length of shoots of test objects at the average absolute growth, the average rate of change and the average growth rate showed inhibition of plant growth indicators, but the most depressing effect was caused by radiation from a computer systems unit and a TV (shorter shoots compared to the control samples ranged between 13.3% in Hordeum vulgare L. to 46.2% in Sorghum vulgare Pers.). The study defined the sensitivity of test objects to electromagnetic radiation of appliances (in descending order): Sorghum vulgare Pers. – Triticum aestivum L. – Hordeum vulgare L. (maximum inhibition of growth performance compared to control samples stood at 46.2%, 27.9%, 15.3% respectively).

scholarly journals Variation in shoot tolerance mechanisms not related to ion toxicity in barley

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Tilbrook ◽  
Rhiannon K. Schilling ◽  
Bettina Berger ◽  
Alexandre F. Garcia ◽  
Christine Trittermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Ion Toxicity ◽  
High K ◽  
Barley Landraces ◽  
Toxic Concentrations

Soil salinity can severely reduce crop growth and yield. Many studies have investigated salinity tolerance mechanisms in cereals using phenotypes that are relatively easy to measure. The majority of these studies measured the accumulation of shoot Na+ and the effect this has on plant growth. However, plant growth is reduced immediately after exposure to NaCl before Na+ accumulates to toxic concentrations in the shoot. In this study, nondestructive and destructive measurements are used to evaluate the responses of 24 predominately Australian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines at 0, 150 and 250 mM NaCl. Considerable variation for shoot tolerance mechanisms not related to ion toxicity (shoot ion-independent tolerance) was found, with some lines being able to maintain substantial growth rates under salt stress, whereas others stopped growing. Hordeum vulgare spp. spontaneum accessions and barley landraces predominantly had the best shoot ion independent tolerance, although two commercial cultivars, Fathom and Skiff, also had high tolerance. The tolerance of cv. Fathom may be caused by a recent introgression from H. vulgare L. spp. spontaneum. This study shows that the most salt-tolerant barley lines are those that contain both shoot ion-independent tolerance and the ability to exclude Na+ from the shoot (and thus maintain high K+ : Na+ ratios).

scholarly journals Effects of potassium fertilization on Radiocaesium transfer from sandy soil to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-394
Author(s):  
SM Soliman ◽  
Ahmed A Moursy ◽  
HS Eissab
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Discrimination Factor ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Soil

Uptake and translocation of radiocesium artificially added to sand soil cultivated with barley as affected by different rates of potassium were traced in outdoor pot experiment. Experimental soil was contaminated with 0.01 and 0.1 mM 137Cs equal to (200 and 400 Bq/kg) in the form of CsCl and incubated for 14 days prior to 150 days plant growth period. The transfer factor (TF) average values from soil-to-total biomass were found to range from 0.40 up to 0.53 as affected by interaction between tested treatments. Increasing K rates from 125 to 250 kg/ha markedly reduced the mean averages of TFs of 137Cs from soil-to-roots by about 24 to 68%, respectively and from soil-to-total biomass by about 36 and 74%, respectively lower than corresponding control. In all cases, the discrimination factor was below unity, indicating that Cs is less efficiently absorbed from soil than its nutrient analogue K.

Effect of straw amendment and plant growth on selenium transfer in a laboratory soil-plant system

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Camps Arbestain
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Microbial Reduction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Straw Amendment ◽  
Environmental Compartments

Knowledge of the transfers of selenium (Se) in the soil-plant-atmosphere environmental compartments is fundamental in assessing Se cycling through the environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of straw amendments and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on Se cycling in soils from Kesterson Reservoir, Merced County, CA (0.68 mg soluble Se kg−1, 6.15 mg total Se kg−1), and to evaluate the feasibility of these agricultural practices as bioremediation strategies. Four treatments were evaluated: soil only, soil + straw, soil + plant, and soil + straw + plant. Straw amendments greatly reduced Se from soil solution (92–97% of initial soluble Se). Selenate [Se(VI)] was the predominant species in soil solution. Phosphate-extractable Se did not account for the decline in soluble Se. Selenium volatilized by microbes represented only 4–5% of the soluble Se removed. Highest Se removal from soil solution and highest Se volatilization rates occurred when both microbial activity and growth were maximal. Selenate microbial reduction to more insoluble Se forms is indicated as being responsible for this removal. Plants did not account for as much Se removal from soil solution as did straw amendments. Total shoot Se corresponded to 1–9% of soluble Se removal. At the end of the experiment, Se in plants represented 0.1–0.7% of total Se in the system, and the Se volatilized accounted for 0.2 to 0.5% of total Se inventory. The results obtained in this study suggest the use of straw amendments as a remediation technique for managing Se contamination at Kesterson Reservoir. Key words: Barley, selenium, soil solution, straw, volatilization

scholarly journals Foliar Application of Boron Improves the Growth and Yield in Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Shafiq AHMAD ◽  
Taqi RAZA ◽  
Shakeel IMRAN ◽  
Neal S. EASH ◽  
Nawab KHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Seed Index ◽  
The Impact

Crop productivity is limited by several environmental constraints. Among these, micronutrients availability to plants plays a key role in agricultural crops production. Boron is an important micronutrient for crops and it significantly aids in a grain setting. Soil applied boron become unavailable to plant due to fixation in soil sites and cause nutrients deficiency in plants, immature grain settings, and yield reduction. Thus, the aim of this work was to quantify the impact of the foliar application of boron gradients on the yield and growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Five treatments were studied, which included; T1= Control (0% B), T2 = 0.5% B, T3 = 1% B, T4 =1.5% B, and T5 =2% B. The results indicated that foliar application of B significantly increased the yield and growth traits in barley. However, 2% foliar application of B showed the highest value for all studied traits including; plant height (5.6%), number of tillers per plant (2.4%), spike length (32%), weight gain per spike (6.2%), seed index (6%), grain yield (10%), and biological yield (4%). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the foliar application of B at 2% can be used to improve the growth and yield in barley.

scholarly journals Specific electromagnetic radiation in the wireless signal range increases wakefulness in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (31) ◽  
pp. e2105838118
Author(s):  
Lingyu Liu ◽  
Hu Deng ◽  
Xiaping Tang ◽  
Yingxian Lu ◽  
Jiayao Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Sleep Architecture ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Output Level ◽  
Wireless Signal ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Impact

Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in the environment has increased sharply in recent decades. The effect of environmental EMR on living organisms remains poorly characterized. Here, we report the impact of wireless-range EMR on the sleep architecture of mouse. Prolonged exposure to 2.4-GHz EMR modulated by 100-Hz square pulses at a nonthermal output level results in markedly increased time of wakefulness in mice. These mice display corresponding decreased time of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM). In contrast, prolonged exposure to unmodulated 2.4-GHz EMR at the same time-averaged output level has little impact on mouse sleep. These observations identify alteration of sleep architecture in mice as a specific physiological response to prolonged wireless-range EMR exposure.

scholarly journals Zinc-Induced Genotoxic Effects in Root Meristems of Barley Seedlings

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena TRUTA ◽  
Daniela GHERGHEL ◽  
Iulia Csilla I. BARA ◽  
Gabriela V. VOCHITA
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Zinc Compounds ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Genotoxic Chemicals

The pollution increase, as a result of the release into environment of genotoxic chemicals, including heavy metals, largely affects the ecosystems and the health of living organisms. Although zinc is not considered highly phytotoxic, its excess becomes noxious. In literature, the reports on zinc genotoxicity are equivocal. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the amplitude of cytogenetic damage induced in Hordeum vulgare L. cv. ‘Madalin’ after seed treatment with different concentrations (10, 100, 250, 500 μM) of Zn+2, provided as zinc sulphate and zinc acetate. The mitostimulatory effect was present at all concentrations of both zinc compounds. The rate of ana-telophase aberrations exceeded by 2 - 3 times the control, and the frequency of metaphase disturbances was 5.0-10.0 times higher than the control. The results indicate the clastogenic and aneugenic potential of zinc in barley and constitute a signal about the risks of its increasing presence into the environment, with repercussions on living systems, even on human health, due to the extensive use of zinc compounds including as pesticides.

Farmer-directed on-farm experimentation examining the impact of companion planting barley and oats on timothyalfalfa forage establishment in central Newfoundland

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Spaner and A. G. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Oats (Avena sativa L.) or barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) sown at increasing seeding rates of 23, 45 and 68 kg ha-1 with a timothy (Phleum pratense L.)-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixture (harvested at cereal soft dough) resulted in increasing forage yields containing decreasing alfalfa, crude protein, P and Ca percentage in the planting year. Barley out-yielded oats by 11% in the planting year. Oats or barley sown at seeding rates up to 68 kg ha-1 do not impede underseeded forage establishment or forage production in the subsequent year in central Newfoundland. The implications of farmer-directed on-farm experimentation are discussed. Key words: Hordeum vulgare L., Avena sativa L., Phleum pratense L, Medicago sativa L., underseeding

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