AMELIORATION OF A SOLONETZIC SOIL BY SUBSOILING AND LIMING

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 919-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. WETTER ◽  
G. R. WEBSTER ◽  
J. LICKACZ
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Solonetzic Soil ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
Ap Horizon ◽  
Soil Moisture Status

The effect of subsoiling and liming on a Dark Brown Solodized Solonetz was investigated by measuring changes in physicochemical status, root penetration, soil moisture status, and crop yields. Major differences were due to subsoiling. The pH of the Ap was increased from 5.7 to 7.0 following liming but to greater than 8.0 following subsoiling. Subsoiling elevated calcium salts from depth thus improving subsurface soil structure; SAR values of the Bnt horizon decreased from approximately 12 to less than 7; moisture status and root penetration were increased at depth. Average yearly yield of wheat was increased by 0.9 Mg ha−1 following subsoiling. The addition of lime in combination with subsoiling did not improve physicochemical properties, moisture status, or crop yields as compared to subsoiling alone. Subsoiling increased the clay content of the Ap from 16 to 27%, this elevation of clay increased the crust strength of the Ap horizon and hence the potential for surface crusting. Key words: Solonetzic, amelioration, subsoiling, lime

scholarly journals Influence of Tillage on the Mollisols Physicochemical Properties, Seed Emergence and Yield of Maize in Northeast China

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 939
Author(s):  
Qiang Chen ◽  
Xingyi Zhang ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
Jianhua Ren ◽  
Yaru Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Emergence Period

Tillage practices are critical for sustaining soil quality necessary for successful crop growth and productivity, but there are only few studies for strip tillage (ST) in the Mollisols region of Northeast China at present. A long-term (≥10-year) study was carried out to investigate the influence of within the tilled row (IR) and between rows (BR) in ST (10-year), conventional tillage (CT, 14-year) and no tillage (NT, 14-year) treatments on soil physicochemical properties. Soil samples were taken in May of 2019 at 0–5, 5–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm depths and used to analyze bulk density (BD), soil aggregate distribution and stability, and soil organic carbon (SOC). Meanwhile, our study also explored the differences in seed emergence, soil moisture, and temperature during the seed emergence period, and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) among the different treatments. Similar soil properties were observed between ST-BR and NT, which showed they had a significantly greater BD, >0.25 mm water stable aggregate content (WR0.25) (especially in the amount of >2 mm and 1–2 mm size proportion), aggregate stability, and SOC than ST-IR and CT-IR at a depth of 0–20 cm. By improving soil conditions of seedbed, ST-IR and CT-IR increased soil temperature above NT by 1.64 °C and 1.80 °C, respectively, and ST-IR had a slight greater soil moisture than CT-IR in the top 10 cm layer during the seed emergence period. Late maize seed emergence was observed NT in than ST-IR and CT-IR and the average annual yields in ST were slightly greater than NT and CT, but the differences were not significant. Our results also showed that CT-BR had a poor soil structure and lower SOC than other treatments at 0–30 cm depth. We conclude from these long-term experimental results that ST could improve soil water-heat conditions to promote seed germination, maintain soil structure, and increase the maize yield and it should be applied in the Mollisols region of Northeast China.

LONG-TERM EFFECT OF DEEP PLOWING SOLONETZIC SOIL ON CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CROP YIELD

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. McANDREW ◽  
S. S. MALHI
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Solonetzic Soil ◽  
Ap Horizon ◽  
Deep Plowing

Deep plowing (DP) has been investigated as a possible ameliorative procedure for Solonetzic soils, but the long-term effects of DP on soil properties are not known. Soil sampling to determine the long-lasting effects of DP on some soil chemical properties and crop yields was conducted at four sites with Solonetzic soils in east-central Alberta. The soils had been deep plowed 11–29 yr prior to sampling. Compared to adjacent unplowed (check) treatments, DP resulted in significant improvements in soil chemical properties at most of the sites. The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of the AB horizon (12- or 15- to 30-cm depth) was lower after DP at all four sites. Extractable and soluble Ca increased in the Ap horizon (0–12 cm) of DP soils, whereas extractable Na decreased in the Ap or AB horizons at three sites. The pH of the Ap horizon increased from acidic to neutral at three sites, while EC of the Ap horizon decreased at two sites. Crop yield increased due to DP at the three sites where yields were measured. The results indicate a long-term amelioration of Solonetzic soils by DP. Key words: Amelioration, deep plowing, deep tillage, sodic soil

Changes in pore structure in a no-till chronosequence of silt loam soils, southern Ontario

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. VandenBygaart ◽  
R. Protz ◽  
A. D. Tomlin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
No Till ◽  
Pore Properties

Many research studies have dealt with the influences of minimum or no-till soil management practices on the major physical, chemical, biological and morphological properties in the soil profile. However little work has been done on the assessment of the rates of changes in pore properties as management practices are converted from conventional to no-till (NT) methods. Short-term changes in soil micromorphology attributed to conversion to no-till from conventionally tilled management are evaluated in this paper. As the number of years in no-till increased there was a decrease in the number pores of 30- to 100-µm diameter in the no-till soils. However, pores from 100- to 500-µm diameter increased in number only after 4 yr of NT. The pores of this size are important for water storage, transmission and root development. The decline in the number of these pores after no-till initiation followed by the increase after 4 yr may explain why crop yields tend to be lower only after the first few years after implementing no-till. The 100- to 500-µm diameter pores may be crucial for the proper development of roots in wheat and corn. The no-till soils had greater numbers of horizontally oriented elongated macropores in the top 5 to 15 cm of the soil profile due to the lack of tillage and annual freeze-thaw processes. These pores may inhibit proper drainage and root penetration. Rounded macropores increased with the number of years the soil was in no-till as these pores were maintained each year due to the lack of tillage and greater faunal activity in the no-till soils. Key words: Micromorphology, image analysis, earthworms, no-till, soil structure

scholarly journals Influence of humic acid applications on soil physicochemical properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 2481-2500 ◽  
Author(s):  
İ. Gümüş ◽  
C. Şeker
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Incubation Periods

Abstract. Soil structure is often said to be the key to soil productivity since a fertile soil, with desirable soil structure and adequate moisture supply, constitutes a productive soil. Soil structure influences soil water movement and retention, erosion, crusting, nutrient recycling, root penetration and crop yield. The objective of this work is to study, humic acid (HA) application on some physical and chemical properties in weak structured soils investigated. The approach involved establishing a plot experiment in the laboratory conditions. Different rates of HA (control, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 %) were applied to soil at three incubation periods (21, 42 and 62 days). At the end of the each incubation period, the changes in physicochemical properties were measured. Generally, HA addition increased EC values at the all incubation periods. HA applications decreased soil modulus of rupture. Application of HA at the rate of 4 % was significantly increased soil organic carbon contents. HA applications at the rate of 4 % significantly increased both mean soil total nitrogen content and aggregate stability after at three incubation periods (p < 0.05). Therefore, HA was potential to improve structure of soil in short term.

scholarly journals Root Response to Soil Water Status via Interaction of Crop Genotype and Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Phanthasin Khanthavong ◽  
Shin Yabuta ◽  
Hidetoshi Asai ◽  
Md. Amzad Hossain ◽  
Isao Akagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Crop Adaptation ◽  
Soil Moisture Status ◽  
Root Distributions

Flooding and drought are major causes of reductions in crop productivity. Root distribution indicates crop adaptation to water stress. Therefore, we aimed to identify crop roots response based on root distribution under various soil conditions. The root distribution of four crops—maize, millet, sorghum, and rice—was evaluated under continuous soil waterlogging (CSW), moderate soil moisture (MSM), and gradual soil drying (GSD) conditions. Roots extended largely to the shallow soil layer in CSW and grew longer to the deeper soil layer in GSD in maize and sorghum. GSD tended to promote the root and shoot biomass across soil moisture status regardless of the crop species. The change of specific root density in rice and millet was small compared with maize and sorghum between different soil moisture statuses. Crop response in shoot and root biomass to various soil moisture status was highest in maize and lowest in rice among the tested crops as per the regression coefficient. Thus, we describe different root distributions associated with crop plasticity, which signify root spread changes, depending on soil water conditions in different crop genotypes as well as root distributions that vary depending on crop adaptation from anaerobic to aerobic conditions.

The Influence of Soil Moisture and Soil Type on the Oviposition Behaviour of the Migratory Grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius)

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy L. Edwards ◽  
Henry T. Epp
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Melanoplus Sanguinipes ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Moist Sand ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Oviposition Sites ◽  
Different Soils

Abstract Three different soils – sand, loam and clay – at each of three moisture levels – saturated, intermediate, and dry – were offered to female Melanoplus sanguinipes as oviposition sites. When given a free choice the females preferred moist sand to all other oviposition sites and avoided soil that was completely dry. When no moist soil was available, coarse dry soil was preferred to fine dry soil, but the oviposition rate was reduced. The females would probe and dig at random into any of the soil offered but would withhold their eggs temporarily if the subsurface soil was not moist. Soil water pH appeared to have very little influence on the females' acceptance of an oviposition site as egg pods were deposited in soils with a range of pH from 3.0 to 11.6. It is suggested that although the absence of moisture in the soil may affect the distribution of egg-pods in the microhabitat and may reduce the rate of egg-pod production slightly, the temperature prevailing during the oviposition period is perhaps a more important factor in determining the number of egg-pods deposited.

scholarly journals Impact of Soil Moisture on Crop Yields over Brazilian Semiarid

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Rossato ◽  
Regina C. dos Santos Alvalá ◽  
José A. Marengo ◽  
Marcelo Zeri ◽  
Ana P. M. do Amaral Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid

scholarly journals Geoelectric method applied in correlation between physical characteristics and electrical properties of the soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Marcelino Silva Filho ◽  
Carlos Leandro Borges Silva ◽  
Marco Antonio Assfalk Oliveira ◽  
Thyago Gumeratto Pires ◽  
Aylton José Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Soil Dynamics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

This paper presents the study of the relationship between electrical properties and physical characteristics of the soil. Measures of apparent electrical resistivity of the soil were made for different types of soil, varying moisture content gradually while maintaining a constant compaction, and then varying the compaction and relating it to a constant humidity. Development of a correlation surface is proposed in order to identify granulometry of the soil from moisture and compaction measurements. For the study of spatial variability, two areas were chosen to allow the change of moisture content and compaction in order to verify the measurement capacity of apparent electrical resistivity of the soil as methodology to identify change in soil dynamics. Results obtained show correlations among apparent electrical resistivity of the soil, moisture, soil compaction and clay content.

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