scholarly journals Impact of Soil Moisture on Crop Yields over Brazilian Semiarid

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Rossato ◽  
Regina C. dos Santos Alvalá ◽  
José A. Marengo ◽  
Marcelo Zeri ◽  
Ana P. M. do Amaral Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid

scholarly journals Effects of Drought Stress on Photosynthetic and Physiological Parameters of Tomato

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoting Liang ◽  
Junhui Liu ◽  
Jingmin Zhang ◽  
Jing Guo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Horticultural Crop ◽  
Photosynthetic Gas Exchange ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Nonstomatal Limitation

Drought has become an important factor limiting crop yields in China. As an important greenhouse horticultural crop in China, the research of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Jinpeng No.10) is of great theoretical and practical significance. In the study, four different relative soil moisture contents (74% to 80%, 55% to 61%, 47% to 52%, and 25% to 30%) were used to induce drought stress. We investigated changes in photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and other related physiological parameters in response to different relative soil moisture contents. Drought inhibited the photosynthesis of tomato significantly, as shown by a clear decline in the net photosynthetic rate. Our results indicated stomatal limitation and nonstomatal limitation were responsible for the photosynthesis reduction.

Irrigation management through a coupled energy-water balance and crop growth model driven by remote sensing data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Mancini ◽  
Chiara Corbari ◽  
Imen Ben Charfi ◽  
Ahmad Al Bitar ◽  
Drazen Skokovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Landsat 7

<p>The conflicting use of water is becoming more and more evident, also in regions that are traditionally rich in water. With the world’s population projected to increase to 8.5 billion by 2030, the simultaneous growth in income will imply a substantial increase in demand for both water and food. Climate change impacts will further stress the water availability enhancing also its conflictual use. The agricultural sector is the biggest and least efficient water user, accounts for around 24% of total water use in Europe, peaking at 80% in the southern regions.</p><p>This paper shows the implementation of a system for real-time operative irrigation water management at high spatial and temporal able to monitor the crop water needs reducing the irrigation losses and increasing the water use efficiency, according to different agronomic practices supporting different level of water users from irrigation consortia to single farmers. The system couples together satellite (land surface temperature LST and vegetation information) and ground data, with pixel wise hydrological crop soil water energy balance model. In particular, the SAFY (Simple Algorithm for Yield) crop model has been coupled with the pixel wise energy water balance FEST-EWB model, which assimilate satellite LST for its soil parameters calibration. The essence of this coupled modelling is that the SAFY provides the leaf area index (LAI) evolution in time used by the FEST-EWB for evapotranspiration computation while FEST-EWB model provides soil moisture (SM) to SAFY model for computing crop grow for assigned water content.</p><p>The FEST-EWB-SAFY has been firstly calibrated in specific fields of Chiese (maize crop) and Capitanata (tomatoes) where ground measurements of evapotranspiration, soil moisture and crop yields are available, as well as LAI from Sentinel2-Landsat 7 and 8 data. The FEST-EWB-SAFY model has then been validated also on several fields of the RICA farms database in the two Italian consortia, where the economic data are available plus the crop yield. Finally, the modelled maps of LAI have then been validated over the whole Consortium area (Chiese and Capitanata) against satellite data of LAI from Landsat 7 and 8, and Sentinel-2.</p><p>Optimized irrigation volumes are assessed based on a soil moisture thresholds criterion, allowing to reduce the passages over the field capacity threshold reducing the percolation flux with a saving of irrigation volume without affecting evapotranspiration and so that the crop production. The implemented strategy has shown a significative irrigation water saving, also in this area where a traditional careful use of water is assessed.</p><p>The activity is part of the European project RET-SIF (www.retsif.polimi.it).</p>

scholarly journals Enhancing Soil Water Content for Increased Food Production in Semi-Arid Areas of Kenya Results From an On-Farm Trial in Mwala District, Kenya

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Karuma ◽  
Peter Mtakwa ◽  
Nyambilila Amuri ◽  
Charles K. Gachene ◽  
Patrick Gicheru
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Tillage Methods

Soil water conservation through tillage is one of the appropriate ways of addressing soil moisture deficit in rainfed agriculture. This study evaluated the effects of tillage practices on soil moisture conservation and crop yields in Mwala District, Eastern Kenya during the long rains (LR) and short rains (SR) of 2012/13. Six tillage systems: Disc plough (MB), Disc plough and harrowing (MBH), Ox-ploughing (OX), Subsoiling – ripping (SR), Hand hoe and Tied Ridges (HTR) and Hand hoe only (H) and, three cropping systems namely, sole maize, sole bean and maize - bean intercrop, were investigated in a split-plot design with four replicates. Data on soil water content was monitored at different weeks after planting and the crop yields at end of each growing season. A three-season average shows that soil water content and crop yields were higher in conventional tillage methods compared to the conservation tillage methods. Long term tillage experiments are thus required at different locations, under various environmental and soil conditions to validate the study findings.

scholarly journals Research on Inversion Model of Cultivated Soil Moisture Content Based on Hyperspectral Imaging Analysis

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Tinghui Wu ◽  
Jian Yu ◽  
Jingxia Lu ◽  
Xiuguo Zou ◽  
Wentian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Successive Projections Algorithm ◽  
Inversion Model ◽  
Cultivated Soil

Based on hyperspectral imaging technology, rapid and efficient prediction of soil moisture content (SMC) can provide an essential basis for the formulation of precise agricultural programs (e.g., forestry irrigation and environmental management). To build an efficient inversion model of SMC, this paper collected 117 cultivated soil samples from the Chair Hill area and tested them using the GaiaSorter hyperspectral sorter. The collected soil reflectance dataset was preprocessed by wavelet transform, before the combination of competitive adaptive reweighted sampling algorithm and successive projections algorithm (CARS-SPA) was used to select the bands optimally. Seven wavelengths of 695, 711, 736, 747, 767, 778, and 796 nm were selected and used as the factors of the SMC inversion model. The popular linear regression algorithm was employed to construct this model. The result indicated that the inversion model established by the multiple linear regression algorithm (the predicted R2 was 0.83 and the RMSE was 0.0078) was feasible and highly accurate, indicating it could play an important role in predicting SMC of cultivated soils over a large area for agricultural irrigation and remote monitoring of crop yields.

Rising Temperatures Increase Importance of Oceanic Evaporation as a Source for Continental Precipitation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Findell ◽  
Patrick Keys ◽  
Ruud van der Ent ◽  
Benjamin Lintner ◽  
Alexis Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Indus River ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Moisture Recycling ◽  
Agricultural Regions ◽  
The Ganges ◽  
Global Mean

<p>Understanding vulnerabilities of continental precipitation to changing climatic conditions is of critical importance to society at large. Terrestrial precipitation is fed by moisture originating as evaporation from oceans and from recycling of water evaporated from continental sources. In this study, continental precipitation and evaporation recycling processes in the Earth system model GFDL-ESM2G are shown to be consistent with estimates from two different reanalysis products. The GFDL-ESM2G simulations of historical and future climate also show that values of continental moisture recycling ratios were systematically higher in the past and will be lower in the future.</p><p>Global mean recycling ratios decrease 2%–3% with each degree of temperature increase, indicating the increased importance of oceanic evaporation for continental precipitation. Theoretical arguments for recycling changes stem from increasing atmospheric temperatures and evaporative demand that drive increases in evaporation over oceans that are more rapid than those over land as a result of terrestrial soil moisture limitations. Simulated recycling changes are demonstrated to be consistent with these theoretical arguments. A simple prototype describing this theory effectively captures the zonal mean behavior of GFDL-ESM2G.</p><p>Key sources of terrestrial evaporation, notably the interior of the Amazon basin and parts of the Ganges-Brahmaputra and Indus River basins, may experience reductions in moisture recycling. This has implications for key sink regions of terrestrial recycled precipitation, especially in rain-fed agricultural regions where crop yields will become increasingly soil moisture limited, such as the La Plata River basin, the corn producing regions of North America, southern Africa and the Sahel.</p><p>The results presented here have been published last year in Journal of Climate dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0145.1</p><p> </p>

Land-atmosphere interactions and agricultural climate impacts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Crop Intensification ◽  
The Us ◽  
Earth System Models

<p>Agricultural climate impact projections routinely rely upon temperature-based statistical models to characterize historical variability and project future crop yields, and exposure to extremely hot temperatures is associated with severe crop losses. However, high temperatures over land can be strongly influenced by land surface conditions, including shifts in evapotranspiration arising from variations in vegetation productivity and soil moisture. This talk will highlight the ways in which such land-atmosphere interactions should be considered in agricultural climate impact assessments. I will show how crop intensification of both rainfed and irrigated production modified extreme temperature trends in the US and around the world. I will then show how the coupling between soil moisture and temperatures can bias climate impact projections based solely on temperature. Shifts in soil moisture-temperature coupling will be examined using earth system models.</p>

The relationship between extreme weather and low crop yields

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matias Heino ◽  
Weston Anderson ◽  
Michael Puma ◽  
Matti Kummu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Yield Variability ◽  
Weather Events

<p>It is well known that climate extremes and variability have strong implications for crop productivity. Previous research has estimated that annual weather conditions explain a third of global crop yield variability, with explanatory power above 50% in several important crop producing regions. Further, compared to average conditions, extreme events contribute a major fraction of weather induced crop yield variations. Here we aim to analyse how extreme weather events are related to the likelihood of very low crop yields at the global scale. We investigate not only the impacts of heat and drought on crop yields but also excess soil moisture and abnormally cool temperatures, as these extremes can be detrimental to crops as well. In this study, we combine reanalysis weather data with national and sub-national crop production statistics and assess relationships using statistical copulas methods, which are especially suitable for analysing extremes. Further, because irrigation can decrease crop yield variability, we assess how the observed signals differ in irrigated and rainfed cropping systems. We also analyse whether the strength of the observed statistical relationships could be explained by socio-economic factors, such as GDP, social stability, and poverty rates. Our preliminary results indicate that extreme heat and cold as well as soil moisture abundance and excess have a noticeable effect on crop yields in many areas around the globe, including several global bread baskets such as the United States and Australia. This study will increase understanding of extreme weather-related implications on global food production, which is relevant also in the context of climate change, as the frequency of extreme weather events is likely to increase in many regions worldwide.</p>

The Construction and Configuration of Anasazi Pebble-Mulch Gardens in the Northern Rio Grande

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale R. Lightfoot ◽  
Frank W. Eddy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Galisteo Basin ◽  
Northern Rio Grande ◽  
Increase Soil Moisture

Rio Grande Anasazi in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries A.D. mulched hundreds of garden-sized plots with pebbles to increase soil moisture, reduce erosion, extend the growing season, and increase crop yields. This paper reports on the construction and configuration of pebble-mulch gardens in New Mexico, focusing particularly on those in the Galisteo Basin. Surfaces adjacent to these gardens were scraped and pits were excavated to collect gravel, which was placed over garden surfaces in layers 5 to 11 cm thick. Gardens averaged 15 x 23 m in size, although both size and shape were highly variable, and they collectively covered an area of 41,000 m2 Although this unique agricultural strategy has been shown to be effective, construction was limited to sites with natural gravel deposits, pebbled surfaces inhibited the recycling of crop wastes, and such gardens never became as widely used as more traditional field forms.

SALINITY AND DRAINAGE IN A BROWN CHERNOZEM IRRIGATED AT DIFFERENT MINIMUM MOISTURE CONTENTS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-364
Author(s):  
K. K. KROGMAN ◽  
E. H. HOBBS
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Irrigation Regimes

The salinity of a Brown Chernozem under four irrigation regimes was measured at the beginning and end of each of two cycles of a 4-yr crop rotation. Irrigation reduced soil salinity during the first cycle and maintained it at the reduced level during the second cycle. Drainage in 4 yr, calculated on the basis of salt balances, increased proportionately to irrigation plus rainfall. Where only enough water was applied to maximize crop yields, that is, where soil moisture was maintained within the upper half of the available range, about 95% of the irrigation plus rainfall was utilized by the crops through evapotranspiration. Under this regime, maximum crop yields and an adequately low level of soil salinity were maintained.

scholarly journals Temporal stability of soil moisture in banana cropping area in the Brazilian semiarid region

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 852-859
Author(s):  
Diego C. dos S. Araújo ◽  
Suzana M. G. L. Montenegro ◽  
Abelardo A. de A. Montenegro ◽  
Daniella P. dos Santos ◽  
Renato A. S. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Production Knowledge ◽  
Banana Leaves

ABSTRACT Soil moisture is essential for agricultural production. Knowledge on its spatial-temporal variability is indispensable to support agriculture, and it is strongly influenced by cultural practices, soil cover conditions and irrigation methods. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the temporal stability and spatial distribution of soil moisture as a function of the use of banana leaves as soil cover in a plot under conventional sprinkler irrigation and cultivated with banana in the Brazilian semiarid region. The study area was divided in two sectors, with and without covering using banana leaves. Soil moisture was monitored before and after irrigation, at 16 times, using FALKER HidroFarm sensors installed on a transect with 11 units spaced by 8 m, in each sector. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, temporal stability and Spearman correlation test. The morphology of the banana leaves and the irrigation system used contributed to lower soil moisture in the covered sector at all monitoring times. Variations in the physical-hydraulic properties of the soil promoted variations in soil moisture with the position of the sensors in the ground. The temporal stability technique allowed the identification of points that represent the mean behavior of soil moisture throughout the area. The use of banana leaf residues caused less soil wetting using sprinkler irrigation, indicating the need to pre-grind the material or use localized irrigation systems, practices that are not very accessible to small farmers.

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