THE DYNAMICS OF INORGANIC NITROGEN IN A FRASER VALLEY SOIL WITH AND WITHOUT SPRING OR FALL AMMONIUM NITRATE APPLICATIONS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. KOWALENKO
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Surface Acidity ◽  
Upward Movement ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Nitrogen in fallow soil in four field trials was monitored at Agassiz to examine the response of N processes under humid weather conditions of south coastal British Columbia. Inorganic N in the soil profile of control and ammonium-nitrate-treated plots were compared at various time intervals. In two trials (Spring-78 and Spring-81) treatments were applied in late May and in two (Fall-79 and Fall-82) in early November. Leaching of spring-applied N was quite limited during the spring and summer. In the Spring-78 trial, there was negligible nitrate movement until September whereas in the Spring-81 trial there was some movement in June. In the Spring-81 trial, upward movement of nitrate was detected in late August. Nitrate leaching in the summer of 1981 was associated with an unusually high amount of precipitation during June. Leaching of nitrate was significant in late October to December. Nitrogen applied in early November showed extensive leaching by late December. The ammonium appeared to have been nitrified quickly to enable leaching of the applied N as nitrate. Leaching of nitrate appeared to be associated with net water surpluses (precipitation less pan evaporation). Clay fixation of applied ammonium was detected immediately after fertilizer application in the fall but not in the spring trials. The applied ammonium that was fixed by clay was apparently released during the monitoring period. An increase of surface acidity due to ammonium nitrate application was detected in the Fall-79 trial. Comparison of nitrate leaching with long-term precipitation and pan-evaporation records shows that there is low risk of nitrate leaching during the spring and summer but high risk during the fall and winter in south coastal British Columbia. It was concluded that residual inorganic N after the growing season would not be available for crop growth in the spring due to nitrification and leaching over the winter. Development of a soil test for N would have to concentrate on the potential of the soil to mineralize soil N in the spring and early summer. Key words: Nitrogen leaching, nitrogen transformations, clay fixed NH4+, nitrification, fall nitrogen application

scholarly journals AN EVALUATION OF THE T-SUM METHOD FOR EFFICIENT TIMING OF SPRING NITROGEN APPLICATIONS ON FORAGE PRODUCTION IN SOUTH COASTAL BRITISH COLUMBIA

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1179-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. KOWALENKO ◽  
S. FREYMAN ◽  
D. L. BATES ◽  
N. E. HOLBEK
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Seven field trials were conducted over 3 years (1984–1986) at two locations (Agassiz and Oyster River) in south coastal British Columbia to determine forage response to 100 kg N ha−1 applied at various time intervals in the spring according to the accumulation of average air temperatures above 0 °C from 1 Jan. (T-sum). A T-sum of 200 has been reported to be the optimum time for N application in western Europe and the United Kingdom. Both urea and ammonium nitrate were applied at the Oyster River location, while only ammonium nitrate was applied at Agassiz. First-cut forage dry matter production responded to the timing of N application in a variety of ways in the seven trials, with a decrease in growth as N was applied later in the season in most cases. In one trial, dry matter production was lowest at T-100 and T-150 compared to later times of application. Although there were variations among the trials, overall the highest yields occurred when N was applied at T-200 to T-300. Crop quality (%N or crude protein content), however, tended to increase as N was applied later in the season. Recovery of N in the plant and soil at harvest was relatively uniform for all times of N application and the distribution of extractable inorganic N in the soil profile suggested little N leaching. The dominant form of inorganic N found in the soil was ammonium. The cool soil temperatures and flush of plant and microbial activity probably contributed to the apparent lack of leaching and response of the grass to the N applied at various times early in the growing season. The timing of N application in the spring resulted in varying residual effects, whether N was applied or not after the first cut.Key words: N fertilization, yield, quality, timing, N recovery

scholarly journals Long- and Short-Term Inorganic Nitrogen Runoff from a Karst Catchment in Austria

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1112
Author(s):  
Thomas Dirnböck ◽  
Heike Brielmann ◽  
Ika Djukic ◽  
Sarah Geiger ◽  
Andreas Hartmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
The Future ◽  
Karst Catchment

Excess nitrogen (N) deposition and gaseous N emissions from industrial, domestic, and agricultural sources have led to increased nitrate leaching, the loss of biological diversity, and has affected carbon (C) sequestration in forest ecosystems. Nitrate leaching affects the purity of karst water resources, which contribute around 50% to Austria’s drinking water supply. Here we present an evaluation of the drivers of dissolved inorganic N (DIN) concentrations and fluxes from a karst catchment in the Austrian Alps (LTER Zöbelboden) from 27 years of records. In addition, a hydrological model was used together with climatic scenario data to predict expected future runoff dynamics. The study area was exposed to increasing N deposition during the 20th century (up to 30 to 35 kg N ha−1 y−1), which are still at levels of 25.5 ± 3.6 and 19.9 ± 4.2 kg N ha−1 y−1 in the spruce and the mixed deciduous forests, respectively. Albeit N deposition was close to or exceeded critical loads for several decades, 70–83% of the inorganic N retained in the catchment from 2000 to 2018, and NO3- concentrations in the runoff stayed <10 mg L−1 unless high-flow events occurred or forest stand-replacing disturbances. We identified tree growth as the main sink for inorganic N, which might together with lower runoff, increase retention of only weakly decreasing N deposition in the future. However, since recurring forest stand-replacement is predicted in the future as a result of a combination of climatically driven disturbance agents, pulses of elevated nitrate concentrations in the catchment runoff will likely add to groundwater pollution.

Growing season nitrogen dynamics in manured soils in south coastal British Columbia: Implications for a soil nitrate test for silage corn

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
J. W. Paul
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Soil Inorganic

Spring soil nitrate and ammonium dynamics in south coastal British Columbia soils were examined with respect to the potential to develop a soil nitrate test for silage corn (Zea mays, L.). Soil nitrate and ammonium contents were measured to 90 cm depth in two soils from April to July of two growing seasons. Treatments included a control, spring application of either 300 or 600 kg total N ha−1 as liquid dairy manure, or 200 kg N ha−1 as inorganic fertilizer. Significant amounts of ammonium were present until late May following manure and until mid-June following fertilizer application, requiring simultaneous determination of both nitrate and ammonium concentrations to assess soil inorganic N contents during this period. Most of the changes in soil nitrate over time occurred in the top 30 cm, suggesting that sampling to 30 cm depth would be sufficient in most cases for a soil nitrate test in this region. Most of the increase in soil inorganic N associated with the spring application of manure occurred by 1 June. A soil nitrate test in early to mid-June when the corn is at the six leaf stage appeared to be most suitable for use in south coastal British Columbia to determine if additional fertilizer N is required. A sample taken at this time will measure soil nitrate contents just before the period of rapid corn N uptake, after most of the additional inorganic N associated with spring manure application is already present in the soil as nitrate, and after nitrification of the manure ammonium has occurred. Key words: N recovery, preplant nitrate test, pre-sidedress soil nitrate test

Effects of artificial conifer foliage on collection of precipitation and nutrients in coastal British Columbia

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer B. DeCatanzaro ◽  
Dan Binkley
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Moisture Condensation ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Precipitation collectors with artificial conifer foliage collected 6–8% more water and 23–143% more calcium, potassium, ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate than collectors without foliage. Moisture condensation and aerosol impaction need to be considered in studies of forest ecosystems.

Whole-Lake Fertilization Experiments in Coastal British Columbia Lakes: Empirical Relationships between Nutrient Inputs and Phytoplankton Biomass and Production

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Stockner ◽  
K. S. Shortreed
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Tn:Tp Ratio ◽  
Fertilization Experiments ◽  
Oligotrophic Condition ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Seventeen warm monomictic coastal lakes in British Columbia were studied from 1980 to 1983. Inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus were applied to 13 of the lakes in some or all years of the study. In the untreated condition, lakes were ultraoligotrophic with low concentrations of nutrients (1.0–4.1 μg total P-L−1 at spring overturn), of average summer chlorophyll (0.49–2.57 μg∙L−1), and of average daily primary production (3.0–10.5 mg C∙m−3∙d−1). The lakes' oligotrophic condition is sustained by their low residence time (0.2–7.3 yr) and by low nutrient inputs from the generally steep granitic drainage basins. The lakes respond predictably to nitrogen and phosphorus additions and are generally phosphorus limited, as shown by the significant positive relationships between average summer chlorophyll and total phosphorus at spring overturn (r = 0.81) in unfertilized lakes, between average summer chlorophyll and phosphorus load from fertilizer (r2 = 0.62) in fertilized lakes, by the high average particulate C:N:P ratios (152:20:1), and by the high average TN:TP ratio (89).

scholarly journals Inorganic Nitrogen Production and Removal along the Sediment Gradient of a Stormwater Infiltration Basin

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Qianyao Si ◽  
Mary G. Lusk ◽  
Patrick W. Inglett
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Stormwater Infiltration

Stormwater infiltration basins (SIBs) are vegetated depressions that collect stormwater and allow it to infiltrate to underlying groundwater. Their pollutant removal efficiency is affected by the properties of the soils in which they are constructed. We assessed the soil nitrogen (N) cycle processes that produce and remove inorganic N in two urban SIBs, with the goal of further understanding the mechanisms that control N removal efficiency. We measured net N mineralization, nitrification, and potential denitrification in wet and dry seasons along a sedimentation gradient in two SIBs in the subtropical Tampa, Florida urban area. Net N mineralization was higher in the wet season than in the dry season; however, nitrification was higher in the dry season, providing a pool of highly mobile nitrate that would be susceptible to leaching during periodic dry season storms or with the onset of the following wet season. Denitrification decreased along the sediment gradient from the runoff inlet zone (up to 5.2 μg N/g h) to the outermost zone (up to 3.5 μg N/g h), providing significant spatial variation in inorganic N removal for the SIBs. Sediment accumulating around the inflow areas likely provided a carbon source, as well as maintained stable anaerobic conditions, which would enhance N removal.

Influence of the time and rate of liquid-manure application on yield and nitrogen utilization of silage corn in south coastal British Columbia

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
J. W. Paul ◽  
O. Schmidt ◽  
R. McDougall
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Manure-N availability must be known in order to design application practices that maximize the nutrient value of the manure while minimizing adverse environmental impacts. This study determined the effect of time and rate of liquid manure application on silage corn yield and N utilization, and residual soil nitrate at harvest, in south coastal British Columbia. Liquid dairy or liquid hog manure was applied at target rates of 0, 175, 350 or 525 kg N ha−1, with or without addition of 100 kg N ha−1 as inorganic fertilizer, at two sites in each of 2 yr. Time of liquid-dairy-manure application was also tested at two sites in each of 2 yr with N-application treatments of: 600 kg N ha−1 as manure applied in spring; 600 kg N ha−1 as manure applied in fall; 300 kg N ha−1 as manure applied in each of spring and fall; 200 kg N ha−1 applied as inorganic fertilizer in spring; 300 kg N ha−1 as manure plus 100 kg N ha−1 as inorganic fertilizer applied in spring; and a control that received no applied N. Fall-applied manure did not increase corn yield or N uptake in the following growing season. At all sites, maximum yield was attained using manure only. Selection of proper spring application rates for manure and inorganic fertilizer were found to be equally important in minimizing residual soil nitrate at harvest. Apparent recovery of applied N in the crop ranged from 0 to 33% for manure and from 18 to 93% for inorganic fertilizer. Key words: N recovery, manure management

STRUCTURE, STRATIGRAPHY, AND PALEONTOLOGY OF AN UPPER TRIASSIC SECTION ON THE WEST COAST OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

1965 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Carlisle ◽  
Takeo Susuki
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Pillow Lava ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Thermal Alteration ◽  
The West ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Sedimentary Unit

The highly deformed section at Open Bay is one of the few good exposures of a thick sedimentary unit within the prebatholithic rocks along coastal British Columbia. It provides new structural information relating to emplacement of a part of the Coast Range batholith and it contains an important Upper Triassic fauna unusually well represented. Structural and paleontological analyses are mutually supporting and are purposely combined in one paper.Thirteen ammonite genera from 14 localities clearly substantiate McLearn's tentative assignment to the Tropites subbullatus zone (Upper Karnian) and suggest a restriction to the T. dilleri subzone as defined in northern California.Contrary to an earlier view, the beds are lithologically similar across the whole bay except for variations in the intensity of deformation and thermal alteration. Their contact with slightly older relatively undeformed flows is apparently a zone of dislocation. Stratigraphic thicknesses cannot be measured with confidence, and subdivision into "Marble Bay Formation" and "Open Bay Group" cannot be accepted. Open Bay Formation is redefined to include all the folded marble and interbedded pillow lava at Open Bay. Lithologic and biostratigraphic correlation is suggested with the lower middle part of the Quatsino Formation on Iron River, 24 miles to the southwest. Basalt flows and pillowed volcanics west of Open Bay are correlated with the Texada Formation within the Karmutsen Group.The predominant folding is shown to precede, accompany, and follow intrusion of numerous andesitic pods and to precede emplacement of quartz diorite of the batholith. Structural asymmetry is shown to have originated through gentle cross-folding and emplacement of minor intrusives during deformation.

scholarly journals Nitrification–denitrification in waste stabilisation ponds: a mechanism for permanent nitrogen removal in maturation ponds

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1137-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Camargo Valero ◽  
L. F. Read ◽  
D. D. Mara ◽  
R. J. Newton ◽  
T. P. Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Intermediate Step ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
Waste Stabilisation Ponds ◽  
Molecular Microbiology ◽  
Denitrification Process ◽  
Ammonia Oxidising Bacteria

A pilot-scale primary maturation pond was spiked with 15N-labelled ammonia (15NH4Cl) and 15N-labelled nitrite (Na15NO2), in order to improve current understanding of the dynamics of inorganic nitrogen transformations and removal in WSP systems. Stable isotope analysis of δ15N showed that nitrification could be considered as an intermediate step in WSP, which is masked by simultaneous denitrification, under conditions of low algal activity. Molecular microbiology analysis showed that denitrification can be considered a feasible mechanism for permanent nitrogen removal in WSP, which may be supported either by ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) or by methanotrophs, in addition to nitrite-oxidising bacteria (NOB). However, the relative supremacy of the denitrification process over other nitrogen removal mechanisms (e.g., biological uptake) depends upon phytoplanktonic activity.

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