Whole-Lake Fertilization Experiments in Coastal British Columbia Lakes: Empirical Relationships between Nutrient Inputs and Phytoplankton Biomass and Production

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Stockner ◽  
K. S. Shortreed
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Tn:Tp Ratio ◽  
Fertilization Experiments ◽  
Oligotrophic Condition ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Seventeen warm monomictic coastal lakes in British Columbia were studied from 1980 to 1983. Inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus were applied to 13 of the lakes in some or all years of the study. In the untreated condition, lakes were ultraoligotrophic with low concentrations of nutrients (1.0–4.1 μg total P-L−1 at spring overturn), of average summer chlorophyll (0.49–2.57 μg∙L−1), and of average daily primary production (3.0–10.5 mg C∙m−3∙d−1). The lakes' oligotrophic condition is sustained by their low residence time (0.2–7.3 yr) and by low nutrient inputs from the generally steep granitic drainage basins. The lakes respond predictably to nitrogen and phosphorus additions and are generally phosphorus limited, as shown by the significant positive relationships between average summer chlorophyll and total phosphorus at spring overturn (r = 0.81) in unfertilized lakes, between average summer chlorophyll and phosphorus load from fertilizer (r2 = 0.62) in fertilized lakes, by the high average particulate C:N:P ratios (152:20:1), and by the high average TN:TP ratio (89).

Bacterioplankton, Phytoplankton, and Zooplankton Communities in a British Columbia Coastal Lake Before and After Nutrient Reduction

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1504-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Joan Hardy ◽  
Ken S. Shortreed ◽  
John G. Stockner
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nutrient Reduction ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Coastal Lake ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Concentrations

Inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus were applied weekly during the growing season from 1980 to 1982 and twice weekly in 1983 to Hobiton Lake, a warm monomictic coastal lake in British Columbia. The lake was not fertilized in 1984. Average numbers of bacteria during the growing season decreased from a high of 1.53 × 106∙mL−1 in the fertilized condition to 0.84 × 106∙mL−1 in the unfertilized condition. Chlorophyll a concentrations decreased from a maximum seasonal average of 2.69 μg∙L−1 (1981) to 1.30 μg∙L−1 (1984), and algal numbers decreased from 5.83 × 104∙mL−1 (1983) to 2.29 × 104∙mL−1 (1984). Although the numbers of phytoplankton in each size fraction (picoplankton, nanoplankton, or microplankton) decreased in the unfertilized condition, the greatest change was an almost fourfold decrease in picoplankton, which consisted of 90% cyanobacteria (primarily Synechococcus spp.). Abundance of the large diatoms Rhizosolenia spp. and Melosira spp. increased in 1984, resulting in an increase in average seasonal algal volume. Average densities of medium (0.15–0.84 mm) and large (0.85–1.5 mm) zooplankton were greatest in 1982, while rotifers and small zooplankton (0.10–0.14 mm) were most dense in 1984 following nutrient reduction. The lake had relatively high concentrations of planktivorous juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) that appeared to minimize any direct effect of nutrient additions on zooplankton densities.

Nutrients in Australian tropical rivers: changes with agricultural development and implications for receiving environments

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon E. Brodie ◽  
Alan W. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Tropical Rivers ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Material Transport ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

In tropical Australia, intensive studies of river suspended sediment (SS) and nutrient dynamics have been restricted to streams on the north-east coast between the Fitzroy and Normanby Rivers (Queensland), Magela Creek/East Alligator River (Northern Territory) and the Ord River (Western Australia). Historical conditions in these rivers were probably characterised by low–moderate SS concentrations and low concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in flow events. Introduction of agriculture has transformed SS and nutrient dynamics. Grazing has led to soil erosion and increased SS and particulate nutrient concentrations and fluxes in event flows. Fertilised cropping has increased nutrient inputs to catchments, where it forms a substantial proportion of the catchment area. Consequently, both particulate and dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations and fluxes have increased. Australian tropical rivers have episodic flows, with most material transport occurring during large flow events. The restricted period of these highly energetic flows means little trapping of materials in waterways occurs. Loads are transported efficiently downstream and processes such as denitrification and in-channel sedimentation may be of limited importance. Owing to excessive nutrient inputs associated with agriculture, a number of northern freshwater, estuarine and coastal ecosystems are now eutrophic. Continued development, especially fertilised cropping, without adequate management of nutrient losses is likely to exacerbate these problems.

scholarly journals Seasonal dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus budgets for two sub-tropical estuaries in south Florida, USA

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 6721-6736 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Buzzelli ◽  
Y. Wan ◽  
P. H. Doering ◽  
J. N. Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
South Florida ◽  
External Loading ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Annual Variations

Abstract. Interactions among geomorphology, circulation, and biogeochemical cycling determine estuary responses to external nutrient loading. In order to better manage watershed nutrient inputs, the goal of this study was to develop seasonal dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorus (DIP) budgets for the two estuaries in south Florida, the Caloosahatchee River estuary (CRE) and the St. Lucie Estuary (SLE), from 2002 to 2008. The Land–Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ) approach was used to generate water, salt, and DIN and DIP budgets. Results suggested that internal DIN production increases with increased DIN loading to the CRE in the wet season. There were hydrodynamic effects as water column concentrations and ecosystem nutrient processing stabilized in both estuaries as flushing time increased to >10 d. The CRE demonstrated heterotrophy (net ecosystem metabolism or NEM < 0.0) across all wet and dry season budgets. While the SLE was sensitive to DIN loading, system autotrophy (NEM > 0.0) increased significantly with external DIP loading. This included DIP consumption and a bloom of a cyanobacterium (Microcystis aeruginosa) following hurricane-induced discharge to the SLE in 2005. Additionally, while denitrification provided a microbially-mediated N loss pathway for the CRE, this potential was not evident for the SLE where N2 fixation was favored. Disparities between total and inorganic loading ratios suggested that the role of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) should be assessed for both estuaries. Nutrient budgets indicated that net internal production or consumption of DIN and DIP fluctuated with inter- and intra-annual variations in freshwater inflow, hydrodynamic flushing, and primary production. The results of this study should be included in watershed management plans in order to maintain favorable conditions of external loading relative to internal material cycling in both dry and wet seasons.

THE DYNAMICS OF INORGANIC NITROGEN IN A FRASER VALLEY SOIL WITH AND WITHOUT SPRING OR FALL AMMONIUM NITRATE APPLICATIONS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. KOWALENKO
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Surface Acidity ◽  
Upward Movement ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Nitrogen in fallow soil in four field trials was monitored at Agassiz to examine the response of N processes under humid weather conditions of south coastal British Columbia. Inorganic N in the soil profile of control and ammonium-nitrate-treated plots were compared at various time intervals. In two trials (Spring-78 and Spring-81) treatments were applied in late May and in two (Fall-79 and Fall-82) in early November. Leaching of spring-applied N was quite limited during the spring and summer. In the Spring-78 trial, there was negligible nitrate movement until September whereas in the Spring-81 trial there was some movement in June. In the Spring-81 trial, upward movement of nitrate was detected in late August. Nitrate leaching in the summer of 1981 was associated with an unusually high amount of precipitation during June. Leaching of nitrate was significant in late October to December. Nitrogen applied in early November showed extensive leaching by late December. The ammonium appeared to have been nitrified quickly to enable leaching of the applied N as nitrate. Leaching of nitrate appeared to be associated with net water surpluses (precipitation less pan evaporation). Clay fixation of applied ammonium was detected immediately after fertilizer application in the fall but not in the spring trials. The applied ammonium that was fixed by clay was apparently released during the monitoring period. An increase of surface acidity due to ammonium nitrate application was detected in the Fall-79 trial. Comparison of nitrate leaching with long-term precipitation and pan-evaporation records shows that there is low risk of nitrate leaching during the spring and summer but high risk during the fall and winter in south coastal British Columbia. It was concluded that residual inorganic N after the growing season would not be available for crop growth in the spring due to nitrification and leaching over the winter. Development of a soil test for N would have to concentrate on the potential of the soil to mineralize soil N in the spring and early summer. Key words: Nitrogen leaching, nitrogen transformations, clay fixed NH4+, nitrification, fall nitrogen application

Complex mass wasting response of drainage basins to forest management in coastal British Columbia

Geomorphology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Brardinoni ◽  
Marwan A Hassan ◽  
H.Olav Slaymaker
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Mass Wasting ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Complex Mass ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

scholarly journals An investigation into value of Eutrophication in Hosur Lakes

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Free Ammonia ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Current Concern ◽  
Soluble Oxygen ◽  
Very High

Abstract: Our current concern is that nitrogen and phosphorus amounts are rising rapidly, Otherwise, to limit the growth of algae and biomass, it exists in relatively low concentrations in unmodified natural waters. This investigation aims to attempt to measure the level of eutrophication in the Hosur LakesFor this research, we chose three lakes named Chandrakudi Lake, Doddan Lake and Kelavarapalli dam. For dissolved orthophosphate, chemical oxygen need, organic nitrogen, free ammonia, inorganic nitrogen whole phosphorus and soluble oxygen, etc. some exemplars were gathered and examined. The onsite research as transparence, facts on killing fish and deterioration of the lakes conditions, etc. was also accomplished. The eutrophication rate in the lakes was measured using the Wetzel's plan. The results showed that the rate of eutrophication was very high in all three lakes, i.e. more than enough to very rich in nutrients that cause excessive plant growth, which chokes out the animal life in the water.

scholarly journals LED Lighting and High-Density Planting Enhance the Cost-Efficiency of Halimione portulacoides Extraction Units for Integrated Aquaculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4995
Author(s):  
Marco Custódio ◽  
Paulo Cartaxana ◽  
Sebastián Villasante ◽  
Ricardo Calado ◽  
Ana Isabel Lillebø
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
High Density ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Integrated Aquaculture ◽  
Halimione Portulacoides ◽  
White Leds ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Aquaculture Effluents

Halophytes are salt-tolerant plants that can be used to extract dissolved inorganic nutrients from saline aquaculture effluents under a production framework commonly known as Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA). Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen (common name: sea purslane) is an edible saltmarsh halophyte traditionally consumed by humans living near coastal wetlands and is considered a promising extractive species for IMTA. To better understand its potential for IMTA applications, the present study investigates how artificial lighting and plant density affect its productivity and capacity to extract nitrogen and phosphorous in hydroponic conditions that mimic aquaculture effluents. Plant growth was unaffected by the type of artificial lighting employed—white fluorescent lights vs. blue-white LEDs—but LED systems were more energy-efficient, with a 17% reduction in light energy costs. Considering planting density, high-density units of 220 plants m−2 produced more biomass per unit of area (54.0–56.6 g m−2 day−1) than did low-density units (110 plants m−2; 34.4–37.1 g m−2 day−1) and extracted more dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus. Overall, H. portulacoides can be easily cultivated hydroponically using nutrient-rich saline effluents, where LEDs can be employed as an alternative to fluorescent lighting and high-density planting can promote higher yields and extraction efficiencies.

Influence of the time and rate of liquid-manure application on yield and nitrogen utilization of silage corn in south coastal British Columbia

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
J. W. Paul ◽  
O. Schmidt ◽  
R. McDougall
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Manure-N availability must be known in order to design application practices that maximize the nutrient value of the manure while minimizing adverse environmental impacts. This study determined the effect of time and rate of liquid manure application on silage corn yield and N utilization, and residual soil nitrate at harvest, in south coastal British Columbia. Liquid dairy or liquid hog manure was applied at target rates of 0, 175, 350 or 525 kg N ha−1, with or without addition of 100 kg N ha−1 as inorganic fertilizer, at two sites in each of 2 yr. Time of liquid-dairy-manure application was also tested at two sites in each of 2 yr with N-application treatments of: 600 kg N ha−1 as manure applied in spring; 600 kg N ha−1 as manure applied in fall; 300 kg N ha−1 as manure applied in each of spring and fall; 200 kg N ha−1 applied as inorganic fertilizer in spring; 300 kg N ha−1 as manure plus 100 kg N ha−1 as inorganic fertilizer applied in spring; and a control that received no applied N. Fall-applied manure did not increase corn yield or N uptake in the following growing season. At all sites, maximum yield was attained using manure only. Selection of proper spring application rates for manure and inorganic fertilizer were found to be equally important in minimizing residual soil nitrate at harvest. Apparent recovery of applied N in the crop ranged from 0 to 33% for manure and from 18 to 93% for inorganic fertilizer. Key words: N recovery, manure management

scholarly journals Feedback Regulation between Aquatic Microorganisms and the Bloom-Forming Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Tao Lu ◽  
Hans W. Paerl ◽  
Yiling Chen ◽  
Zhenyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Lake Taihu ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Coculture System ◽  
Eukaryotic Microorganisms ◽  
Aquatic Microorganisms

ABSTRACT The frequency and intensity of cyanobacterial blooms are increasing worldwide. Interactions between toxic cyanobacteria and aquatic microorganisms need to be critically evaluated to understand microbial drivers and modulators of the blooms. In this study, we applied 16S/18S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics analyses to measure the microbial community composition and metabolic responses of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa in a coculture system receiving dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus (DIP) close to representative concentrations in Lake Taihu, China. M. aeruginosa secreted alkaline phosphatase using a DIP source produced by moribund and decaying microorganisms when the P source was insufficient. During this process, M. aeruginosa accumulated several intermediates in energy metabolism pathways to provide energy for sustained high growth rates and increased intracellular sugars to enhance its competitive capacity and ability to defend itself against microbial attack. It also produced a variety of toxic substances, including microcystins, to inhibit metabolite formation via energy metabolism pathways of aquatic microorganisms, leading to a negative effect on bacterial and eukaryotic microbial richness and diversity. Overall, compared with the monoculture system, the growth of M. aeruginosa was accelerated in coculture, while the growth of some cooccurring microorganisms was inhibited, with the diversity and richness of eukaryotic microorganisms being more negatively impacted than those of prokaryotic microorganisms. These findings provide valuable information for clarifying how M. aeruginosa can potentially modulate its associations with other microorganisms, with ramifications for its dominance in aquatic ecosystems. IMPORTANCE We measured the microbial community composition and metabolic responses of Microcystis aeruginosa in a microcosm coculture system receiving dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus (DIP) close to the average concentrations in Lake Taihu. In the coculture system, DIP is depleted and the growth and production of aquatic microorganisms can be stressed by a lack of DIP availability. M. aeruginosa could accelerate its growth via interactions with specific cooccurring microorganisms and the accumulation of several intermediates in energy metabolism-related pathways. Furthermore, M. aeruginosa can decrease the carbohydrate metabolism of cooccurring aquatic microorganisms and thus disrupt microbial activities in the coculture. This also had a negative effect on bacterial and eukaryotic microbial richness and diversity. Microcystin was capable of decreasing the biomass of total phytoplankton in aquatic microcosms. Overall, compared to the monoculture, the growth of total aquatic microorganisms is inhibited, with the diversity and richness of eukaryotic microorganisms being more negatively impacted than those of prokaryotic microorganisms. The only exception is M. aeruginosa in the coculture system, whose growth was accelerated.

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