CLASSIFICATION OF PODZOLIC SOILS AS AFFECTED BY CULTIVATION

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. WANG ◽  
H. W. REES ◽  
J. L. DAIGLE
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Morphological Criterion ◽  
Virgin Forest ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
A Minor

The effects on soil properties of long-term potato cultivation and of erosion were studied by sampling soils along three transects in virgin forest sites and seven transects in potato fields with landforms and parent materials similar to those of the forest sites. The average thickness of solum was reduced from 35 cm in virgin forest to 27 cm in cultivated fields. More than 90% (28 of 30) of forested pedons were classified as Podzolic soils but only 27% (19 of 70) of the cultivated pedons met all of the criteria of Podzolic soils. The others were mainly Regosols and Brunisols. The main criterion that excluded the soils from the Podzolic order was one of the morphological criteria which states "… hue of 10 YR near the upper boundary (of B horizon) and becomes yellower with depth." Most of the Ap horizons (70%) still meet all the chemical criteria for the Podzolic order. By waiving the morphological criterion stated above for the cultivated sites, nearly 70% (48 of 70) of the soils observed remained as Podzols with only a minor amount of Regosols and Brunisols. It is proposed that the current morphological criterion should be retained for uncultivated soils, but waived for cultivated soils. This will decrease the contrast between the classification of cultivated and adjacent forest soils. We also suggested that the morphological changes resulting from cultivation and erosion can be dealt with at a lower categorocal level or as a phase of categorical levels. Key words: Chemical criteria, morphological criteria, soil erosion, soil transect

scholarly journals Disease Progression in CNGA3 and CNGB3 Retinopathy; Characteristics of Slovenian Cohort and Proposed OCT Staging Based on Pooled Data from 126 Patients from 7 Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 941-957
Author(s):  
Manca Tekavčič Pompe ◽  
Nika Vrabič ◽  
Marija Volk ◽  
Andrej Meglič ◽  
Martina Jarc-Vidmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Stage Classification

Achromatopsia has been proposed to be a morphologically predominately stable retinopathy with rare reports of progression of structural changes in the macula. A five-grade system of optical coherence tomography (OCT) features has been used for the classification of structural macular changes. However, their association with age remains questionable. We characterized the Slovenian cohort of 12 patients with pathogenic variants in CNGA3 or CNGB3 who had been followed up with OCT for up to 9 years. Based on observed structural changes in association with age, the following four-stage classification of retinal morphological changes was proposed: (I) preserved inner segment ellipsoid band (Ise), (II) disrupted ISe, (III) ISe loss and (IV) ISe and RPE loss. Data from six previously published studies reporting OCT morphology in CNGA3 and CNGB3 patients were additionally collected, forming the largest CNGA3/CNGB3 cohort to date, comprising 126 patients aged 1–71 years. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant correlation of OCT stage with age (p < 0.001) and no correlation with gene (p > 0.05). The median ages of patients with stages I–IV were 12 years, 23 years, 27 years and 48 years, respectively, and no patient older than 50 years had continuous ISe. Our findings suggest that achromatopsia presents with slowly but steadily progressive structural changes of the macular outer retinal layers. However, whether morphological changes in time follow the proposed four-stage linear pattern needs to be confirmed in a long-term study.

CHARACTERISTICS AND CLASSIFICATION OF NON-CEMENTED SANDY SOILS IN NEW BRUNSWICK

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. WANG ◽  
H. W. REES
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Soil Evolution ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Total Organic C

Forty-nine sandy soils developed in till, outwash, alluvium and marine sands were studied to determine the effect of mode of deposition on soil development and to classify the soils according to the Canadian and U.S. classification systems. Forty-three of the soils met the morphological and chemical criteria of Humo-Ferric Podzols but none of these was a Spodosol because the ratio of pyrophosphate-extractable Fe + Al to clay in the B horizon was below 0.2. Mode of deposition had only a minor effect on soil evolution. However, B horizon development was strongest in the till soils, perhaps because of their somewhat finer texture and greater age. A pronounced maximum of clay occurred in the B horizons of the Podzolic soils; commonly, clay in the B exceeded that in the A and C by a factor of 2–5. A higher pyrophosphate Al/Fe ratio was found associated with soils low in total pyrophosphate Al + Fe and vice versa. It was also found that pyrophosphate Al + Fe was positively correlated with total organic C (r = 0.891).

Surgical treatment in patients with chronic pancreatitis in a multidisciplinary hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Rustam K. Aliev ◽  
Pavel N. Romashchenko ◽  
Nicolay A. Maistrenko ◽  
Andrey S. Pryadko ◽  
Arsen K. Aliev
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Surgical Decision ◽  
Surgical Interventions

A rational personalized program of surgical treatment of patients with various clinical and morphological forms of chronic pancreatitis is substantiated, integrating modern diagnostic and minimally invasive technologies. Examination results and treatment of 354 patients with chronic pancreatitis were analyzed. Patients were divided into three groups according to the modified Marseille-Rome Classification of Chronic pancreatitis (1988). Calcifying chronic pancreatitis was detected in 119 patients, obstructive in 81, and inflammatory in 154. Modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis allowed the modification of the classification by allocating subgroups for each disease form. The justified use of the entire range of modern surgical technologies, taking into account the morphological changes of the pancreas, allows the maximum correction of complications of chronic pancreatitis with minimal complications and good quality of life in the long-term. The choice of surgical aid in patients with chronic pancreatitis is established to primarily depend on the form and variant of the disease course. The main criteria for choosing a surgical aid should be the state of the pancreatic ductal system, the degree and nature of changes in its parenchyma, and the presence of a cystic or inflammatory component during the surgical decision making. Important adjustments in the stage of surgical interventions are made due to mechanical jaundice, portal hypertension, decompensated duodenal stenosis, and concomitant somatic pathology in patients. Subgroups of patients with identified main chronic pancreatitis form, according to its modified classification, allows the determination of the surgical intervention volume, type, and access for each specific patient.

Comparative assessment of morphological mechanisms of maintaining structural liver homeostasis in the dynamics of exposure to coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride on the body

2020 ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
M. S. Bugaeva ◽  
O. I. Bondarev ◽  
N. N. Mikhailova ◽  
L. G. Gorokhova
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
System Level ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Coal Rock ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structural Homeostasis ◽  
Rock Dust

Introduction. The impact on the body of such factors of the production environment as coal-rock dust and fluorine compounds leads to certain shift s in strict indicators of homeostasis at the system level. Maintaining the relative constancy of the internal environment of the body is provided by the functional consistency of all organs and systems, the leading of which is the liver. Organ repair plays a crucial role in restoring the structure of genetic material and maintaining normal cell viability. When this mechanism is damaged, the compensatory capabilities of the organ are disrupted, homeostasis is disrupted at the cellular and organizational levels, and the development of the main pathological processes is noted.The aim of the study is to compare the morphological mechanisms of maintaining structural homeostasis of the liver in the dynamics of the impact on the body of coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride.Materials and methods. Experimental studies were conducted on adult white male laboratory rats. Features of morphological mechanisms for maintaining structural homeostasis of the liver in the dynamics of exposure to coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride were studied on experimental models of pneumoconiosis and fluoride intoxication. For histological examination in experimental animals, liver sampling was performed after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 weeks of the experiment.Results. The specificity of morphological changes in the liver depending on the harmful production factor was revealed. It is shown that chronic exposure to coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride is characterized by the development of similar morphological changes in the liver and its vessels from the predominance of the initial compensatory-adaptive to pronounced violations of the stromal and parenchymal components. Long-term inhalation of coal-rock dust at 1–3 weeks of seeding triggers adaptive mechanisms in the liver in the form of increased functional activity of cells, formation of double-core hepatocytes, activation of immunocompetent cells and endotheliocytes, ensuring the preservation of the parenchyma and the general morphostructure of the organ until the 12th week of the experiment. Exposure to sodium fluoride leads to early disruption of liver compensatory mechanisms and the development of dystrophic changes in the parenchyma with the formation of necrosis foci as early as the 6th week of the experiment.Conclusions. The study of mechanisms for compensating the liver structure in conditions of long-term exposure to coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride, as well as processes that indicate their failure, and the timing of their occurrence, is of theoretical and practical importance for developing recommendations for the timely prevention and correction of pathological conditions developing in employees of the aluminum and coal industry.The authors declare no conflict of interests.

MODERN PROBLEMATICS AND ANALYSIS OF EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO DESTRUCTION OF INFORMATION ON MAGNETIC MEDIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 154-164
Author(s):  
O. Semenenko ◽  
O. Vodchyts ◽  
V. Koverga ◽  
R. Lukash ◽  
O. Lutsenko
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Magnetic Media ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Physical Impact ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Term Storage

The introduction and active use of information transmission and storage systems in the Ministry of Defense (MoD) of Ukraine form the need to develop ways of guaranteed removal of data from media after their use or long-term storage. Such a task is an essential component of the functioning of any information security system. The article analyzes the problems of guaranteed destruction of information on magnetic media. An overview of approaches to the guaranteed destruction of information on magnetic media of different types is presented, and partial estimates of the effectiveness of their application are given by some generally accepted indicators of performance evaluation. The article also describes the classification of methods of destruction of information depending on the influence on its medium. The results of the analysis revealed the main problems of application of software methods and methods of demagnetization of the information carrier. The issue of guaranteed destruction of information from modern SSD devices, which are actively used in the formation of new systems of information accumulation and processing, became particularly relevant in the article. In today's conditions of development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, methods of mechanical and thermal destruction are more commonly used today. In the medium term, the vector of the use of information elimination methods will change towards the methods of physical impact by the pulsed magnetic field and the software methods that allow to store the information storage device, but this today requires specialists to develop new ways of protecting information in order to avoid its leakage.

Influence of internal and external risks on sustainability of financial system of Аltai krai

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
R. N. Ibragimov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Risk Management Strategy ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the impact of internal and external risks on the stability of the financial system of the Altai Territory. Classification of internal and external risks of decline, affecting the sustainable development of the financial system, is presented. A risk management strategy is proposed that will allow monitoring of risks, thereby these measures will help reduce the loss of financial stability and ensure the long-term development of the economy of the region.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Cost Analysis of a Single-Family House in Sweden

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Bojana Petrović ◽  
Xingxing Zhang ◽  
Ola Eriksson ◽  
Marita Wallhagen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Economic Parameters ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Family House ◽  
Replacement Operation

The objective of this paper was to explore long-term costs for a single-family house in Sweden during its entire lifetime. In order to estimate the total costs, considering construction, replacement, operation, and end-of-life costs over the long term, the life cycle cost (LCC) method was applied. Different cost solutions were analysed including various economic parameters in a sensitivity analysis. Economic parameters used in the analysis include various nominal discount rates (7%, 5%, and 3%), an inflation rate of 2%, and energy escalation rates (2–6%). The study includes two lifespans (100 and 50 years). The discounting scheme was used in the calculations. Additionally, carbon-dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions were considered and systematically analysed with costs. Findings show that when the discount rate is decreased from 7% to 3%, the total costs are increased significantly, by 44% for a 100-year lifespan, while for a 50 years lifespan the total costs show a minor increase by 18%. The construction costs represent a major part of total LCC, with labor costs making up half of them. Considering costs and emissions together, a full correlation was not found, while a partial relationship was investigated. Results can be useful for decision-makers in the building sector.

scholarly journals Odour-active compounds in liquid malt extracts for the baking industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine S. Rögner ◽  
Veronika Mall ◽  
Martin Steinhaus
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Value ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Gas Chromatography Olfactometry ◽  
Odour Threshold ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Baking Industry ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractAn odorant screening by gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC–O) and a crude aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) applied to the volatiles isolated from a light and a dark liquid malt extract (LME) by solvent extraction and solvent-assisted flavour evaporation (SAFE) identified 28 odorants. Fifteen major odorants were subsequently quantitated and odour activity values (OAVs) were calculated as ratio of the concentration to the respective odour threshold value (OTV). Important odorants in the light LME included 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanal (OAV 1500), (E)-β-damascenone (OAV 430), and 4-ethenyl-2-methoxyphenol (OAV 91). In the dark LME, sotolon (OAV 780), 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanal (OAV 550), (E)-β-damascenone (OAV 410), acetic acid (OAV 160), and maltol (OAV 120) were of particular importance. To get an insight into the changes during malt extract production, the quantitations were extended to the malt used as the starting material for both LMEs. Addition of a minor amount of water to malt before volatile extraction was shown to be effective to cover the free as well as the bound malt odorants. Results showed that some LME odorants originated from the starting material whereas others were formed during processing. Important process-induced LME odorants included (E)-β-damascenone and 4-ethenyl-2-methoxyphenol in the light LME as well as maltol, sotolon, (E)-β-damascenone, and 2-methoxyphenol in the dark LME. In summary, the odorant formation during LME production was shown to be more important than the transfer of odorants from the malt.

scholarly journals Towards a hydrological classification of European soils: preliminary test of its predictive power for the base flow index using river discharge data

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1501-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Schneider ◽  
F. Brunner ◽  
J. M. Hollis ◽  
C. Stamm
Keyword(s):  
Water Movement ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Base Flow Index ◽  
The Uk

Abstract. Predicting discharge in ungauged catchments or contaminant movement through soil requires knowledge of the distribution and spatial heterogeneity of hydrological soil properties. Because hydrological soil information is not available at a European scale, we reclassified the Soil Geographical Database of Europe (SGDBE) at 1:1 million in a hydrological manner by adopting the Hydrology Of Soil Types (HOST) system developed in the UK. The HOST classification describes dominant pathways of water movement through soil and was related to the base flow index (BFI) of a catchment (the long-term proportion of base flow on total stream flow). In the original UK study, a linear regression of the coverage of HOST classes in a catchment explained 79% of BFI variability. We found that a hydrological soil classification can be built based on the information present in the SGDBE. The reclassified SGDBE and the regression coefficients from the original UK study were used to predict BFIs for 103 catchments spread throughout Europe. The predicted BFI explained around 65% of the variability in measured BFI in catchments in Northern Europe, but the explained variance decreased from North to South. We therefore estimated new regression coefficients from the European discharge data and found that these were qualitatively similar to the original estimates from the UK. This suggests little variation across Europe in the hydrological effect of particular HOST classes, but decreasing influence of soil on BFI towards Southern Europe. Our preliminary study showed that pedological information is useful for characterising soil hydrology within Europe and the long-term discharge regime of catchments in Northern Europe. Based on these results, we draft a roadmap for a refined hydrological classification of European soils.

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