scholarly journals RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS AS MEASURED BY CROP YIELDS, PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE, AND SOIL ANALYSIS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. RIDLEY ◽  
S. TAYAKEPISUTHE
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Octacalcium Phosphate ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Monoammonium Phosphate ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Extractable P

Monocalcium phosphate was broadcast at 0, 50, 100, and 200 kg P/ha to a calcareous soil, very low in NaHCO3-extractable P. Wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Selkirk) and flax (Linum usitatissimum cv. Marine) were seeded in the 1st yr and barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Montcalm) and flax were alternated in 3 subsequent yr. Subplot treatments consisted of 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 kg P/ha applied as monoammonium phosphate with the seed. Wheat and barley responded well to broadcast or seed-drilled P. The latter was the most effective method of application; this was apparent even on plots receiving large amounts of broadcast P. In contrast, flax was not responsive to newly applied P, and yields decreased with application of seed-drilled P in combination with large amounts broadcast. The solubility of P in the untreated soil was between that of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA). The solubility of P in the treated soils was greater than in the untreated soils for the duration of the sampling period (3 yr) and was slightly less than that of OCP for the 50 kg/ha treatments, about that of OCP for the 100 kg P/ha treatment and greater than that of OCP for the 200 kg P/ha treatment. These studies indicate that the reaction product most likely governing the solution concentration of P was OCP.

RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER. II. FOR WHEAT AND FLAX GROWN ON CHERNOZEMIC SOILS IN MANITOBA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. BAILEY ◽  
E. D. SPRATT ◽  
D. W. L. READ ◽  
F. G. WARDER ◽  
W. S. FERGUSON
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
High Water ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Near Future

Broadcast applications of 0, 100, 200 and 400 kg P/ha were made on two Chernozemic soils in 1965. The soils were cropped for 8 yr in a continuous wheat-flax rotation. In each year, crops grown on the phosphorus treatments yielded more and had higher phosphorus content than crops grown without added phosphorus. Over 8 yr of cropping, 100 kg P/ha was the most efficient treatment in increasing yield. Yield increases beyond 100 kg P/ha were either not significant or only marginally significant. Wheat used twice as much phosphorus as did flax. Together the two crops used approximately 30, 22 and 14% of the 100, 200 and 400 kg P/ha applied. The NaHCO3-extractable phosphorus level of the 100 kg P/ha treatment after 8 yr of cropping was reduced to about 8 kg P/ha which is considered to be inadequate for crop production. Soils treated with 200 and 400 kg P/ha contained high levels of NaHCO3-extractable P (20–54 kg P/ha) and little response in yield to additional P would be expected in the near future. Annual variation in yield and phosphorus uptake by the crops were affected by water supply. In years of high water supply, yield and phosphorus uptake were generally higher than in years of low water supply.

scholarly journals Salinization effects on coastal ecosystems: a terrestrial model ecosystem approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 374 (1764) ◽  
pp. 20180251 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Pereira ◽  
I. Lopes ◽  
I. Abrantes ◽  
J. P. Sousa ◽  
S. Chelinho
Keyword(s):  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Delayed Effects

In coastal areas, intrusion/irrigation with seawater can threaten biodiversity along with crop yields, and the leaching of salts from areas affected by these processes can increase the salinity of water bodies nearby. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of salinization on coastal soil ecosystems due to saline intrusion/irrigation. Terrestrial model ecosystems were used to simulate two soil salinization scenarios: (i) seawater intrusion and irrigation with distilled water and (ii) seawater intrusion and irrigation with saline water. Three sampling periods were established: T0—after acclimation period; T1—salinization effects; and T2—populations' recovery. In each sampling period, the abundance of nematodes, enchytraeids, springtails, mites and earthworms, and plant biomass were measured. Immediate negative effects on enchytraeid abundance were detected, especially at the higher level of saltwater via intrusion+irrigation. Eight weeks after the cessation of saline irrigation, the abundance of enchytraeids fully recovered, and some delayed effects were observed in earthworm abundance and plant biomass, especially at the higher soil conductivity level. The observed low capacity of soil to retain salts suggests that, particularly at high soil conductivities, nearby freshwater bodies can also be endangered. Under saline conditions similar to the ones assayed, survival of some soil communities can be threatened, leading to the loss of biodiversity. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects’.

Wood Ash Improved Soil Properties and Crop Yield for Nine Years and Saved Fertilizer

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabal S. Gill ◽  
Sukhdev S. Malhi ◽  
Newton Z. Lupwayi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Contribution Margin ◽  
Seed Yields

<p>Wood ash may be used to mitigate soil acidity and improve crop production. We compared effects of wood ash and recommended fertilizers on soil properties of a Gray Luivsol, crop yields and contribution margins in southeast Peace, Alberta, Canada. The CHK (no fertilizer, inoculation or wood ash), FRT (recommended fertilizers or inoculation), ASH (wood ash rate to supply amounts of phosphorus equivalent to the FRT treatment); and ASH+N (same as ASH + N fertilizer or inoculation) treatments were applied in 2006 and 2007. Their effects were studied from 2006 to 2014. Wood ash had all the essential plant nutrients, except nitrogen. Soil samples collected in 2007, 2008 and 2013 had or tended to have higher pH, P, K, Ca, Ca:Mg ratio, S, Cu, Zn and B levels for the ASH and ASH+N treatments than the CHK and FRT treatments. In the 2006 and 2007, the seed yields were ASH+N &gt; FRT &gt; ASH &gt; CHK. The seed yields in 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2014 were greater from both the wood ash treatments than other treatments. Extra contribution margin from the ASH+N over the FRT treatment was $751/ha, i.e. $97 Mg<sup>-1</sup> of applied wood ash. Overall, wood ash reduced fertilizer expenditure and improved seed yield, contribution margin and soil properties, with residual effects observed up to seven years and likely for few more years.</p>

scholarly journals COFFEE YIELD AND PHOSPHATE NUTRITION PROVIDED TO PLANTS BY VARIOUS PHOSPHORUS SOURCES AND LEVELS

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaio Gonçalves de Lima Dias ◽  
Antônio Eduardo Furtini Neto ◽  
Paulo Tácito Gontijo Guimarães ◽  
Thiago Henrique Pereira Reis ◽  
Cesar Henrique Caputo de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Advanced Degree ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
P Content ◽  
Coffee Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Sources ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
P Sources

Phosphorus (P) is considered one of the nutrients that most limits crop yields, especially in soils with an advanced degree of weathering. To evaluate P dynamics and availability in soil resulting from various P doses and sources and to assess the resulting P content of coffee leaves and the final coffee yield, an experiment was conducted in the municipality of Três Pontas, MG, Brazil, in a Red Argisol (Ultisol) area. Fertilization, except for P fertilization, was performed based on the soil analysis results. The annual P doses tested were 0, 75, 150, 300, 450 and 600 kg ha-1 P2O5. Two P sources, simple superphosphate and magnesium thermal phosphate, were evaluated and compared in the study. A physicochemical analysis of the soil and an analysis of leaf dry matter were performed. The available P content in the soil increased as a result of the applications of the two sources. The leaf P levels stabilized at approximately 1.8 and 1.9 g kg-1 for simple superphosphate and magnesium thermal phosphate, respectively, as a result of the application of approximately 300 kg ha-1 P2O5. The coffee responded to P fertilization in the production phase. Averaged over three harvests, the yield per harvest showed gains of 45.3% and 40.3% for simple superphosphate and magnesium thermal phosphate, respectively, with the application of the highest studied dose, 600 kg ha-1 P2O5.

THE PERSISTENCE OF CERTAIN PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL AND THEIR EFFECT ON CROP YIELDS

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. MacPhee ◽  
D. Chisholm ◽  
C. R. MacEachern
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Root Crops

From 1954 to 1958 at Kentville, Nova Scotia, the persistence and residual effects of certain pesticides, added to the soil annually from 1949 to 1953 inclusive, were investigated. Stability of pesticides in the soil rated in descending order of persistency was as follows: arsenic, DDT, BHC, chlordane. Arsenic, DDT, and sulphur caused decreases in the yields of some crops. Evidence indicated that DDT, BHC, and parathion were translocated to root crops. Increased concentrations of arsenic in the soil resulted in increased accumulations of the element in plants.The use of lime in the soil did not ameliorate the toxic conditions resulting from the arsenic and DDT treatments, but did correct the effects of sulphur applications.

PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE BY ALFALFA AS INFLUENCED BY PHOSPHATE SOURCE AND MOISTURE

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Beaton ◽  
D. W. L. Read ◽  
W. C. Hinman
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Phosphate Source ◽  
Soil Fertilizer

The effect of phosphate source and soil moisture during the initial soil-fertilizer reaction period on subsequent phosphorus uptake by alfalfa was investigated in a growth chamber. Phosphate-treated soils with moisture adjusted to four different tensions were stored at approximately 18 °C. for 10 weeks. Following this storage interval phosphorus uptake by alfalfa was measured using a short-term technique.Phosphorus content and phosphorus uptake by both tops and roots increased significantly when water-soluble materials such as ammonium polyphosphate, monoammonium and monocalcium phosphate were applied. Less soluble sources, i.e., hydroxyapatite and anhydrous dicalcium phosphate, were much less effective. Calcium metaphosphate produced intermediate results.Moisture content of the soil during the reaction period did not greatly alter subsequent P uptake. The water-soluble sources of phosphorus were affected to the greatest degree.Uptake of P was significantly correlated with the amount of P extracted by NaHCO3 from the treated soils. The highest degree of correlation occurred with ammonium polyphosphate treated soil. A significant negative correlation occurred with calcium metaphosphate. With the exception of the 0.8 bar treatment, moisture tension had little influence on the correlation of P uptake with NaHCO3 extractable-P.

scholarly journals The effect of meat and bone meal on phosphorus concentrations in soil and crop plants  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nogalska ◽  
M. Zalewska
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Experimental Factor ◽  
Second Year

A four-year field experiment was conducted in north-eastern Poland. The aim of the study was to determine the direct and residual effects of increasing doses of meat and bone meal (MBM) on the available phosphorus content of soil and the total phosphorus content in crops above ground biomass or grain. Experimental factor I was MBM dose (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 t/ha/year, and 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 t/ha/every second year), and experimental factor II was the year of the study (four consecutive years). The application of increasing MBM doses to slightly acidic soil insignificantly decreased its pH, but it did not change soil classification. The use of MBM as a fertilizer increased the levels of available phosphorus, compared to the treatments with mineral fertilization. The grain of winter triticale and winter wheat and the green matter of maize contained higher concentrations of phosphorus after the MBM application, in comparison to the plants receiving mineral fertilization. Phosphorus uptake by winter wheat and maize plants (dry matter basis) was higher in treatments with MBM (in particular applied every second year) than in treatments with NPK fertilization. Irrespective of the frequency of MBM application, phosphorus uptake by winter rapeseed was considerably lower, compared to the control plants.

Evaluation of phosphate fertilizers: II. Residual value of nitrophosphates, Gafsa rock phosphate, basic slag and potassium metaphosphate for potatoes, barley and swedes grown in rotation, with special reference to changes in soil phosphorus status

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. G. Mattingly
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Basic Slag ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers

SUMMARYThe residual value of three nitrophosphates, potassium metaphosphate, basic slag and rock phosphate was compared with that of superphosphate in two experiments with potatoes, barley and swedes grown in rotation. The residual value of the fertilizers was also compared with that of (a) six cumulative annual dressings of superphosphate supplying either one-half or the same total amounts of phosphate and (b) single fresh applications of superphosphate applied once in each rotation. Yields and phosphorus uptakes are discussed in relation to the amounts of soil phosphate soluble in 0·5 M-NaHCO3.In the first rotation residues of rock phosphate produced about 1 ton/acre less potato tubers than residues of other fertilizers and cumulative annual applications of superphosphate produced 0·6–0·9 tons/acre less tubers than all residues except rock phosphate. In the second rotation residues of fertilizers increased tuber yields less than cumulative dressings of superphosphate. Over two rotations mean yields from residues and from cumulative dressings were the same. Mean yields of barley over two rotations were 1–3 cwt/acre greater from residues than from cumulative annual dressings; the residual value of the different phosphates was the same. For swedes residues from the alternative phosphates, including basic slag and rock phosphate, were equivalent to those from superphosphate and gave the same mean yields as six cumulative dressings of superphosphate broadcast at planting.Average residual values of alternative phosphate fertilizers, calculated from (a) yield response, (b) P uptake, and (c) soil analysis were: superphosphate, 100; nitrophosphates, 100–102; potassium metaphosphate, 95; basic slag, 94; Gafsa rock phosphate, 92. Mean percentage ‘fresh’ superphosphate equivalents of residues from all fertilizers were 17 and 26% after the first rotation and 11 and 15% after the second rotation for potatoes and swedes respectively.The percentage of the total variance in crop yields accounted for by linear regression on NaHCO3-soluble P ranged from 38 to 70% for potatoes, 9 to 28% for barley grain and 42 to 92% for swedes. Mean yields of the crops increased by 0·24 ± 0·037 tons/acre (potatoes), 0·22 ± 0·08 cwt/acre (barley) and 1·16 ±0·148 tons/acre (swedes) for each ppm NaHCO3-soluble phosphorus in the soil at harvest.

Residual effects of phosphorus fertiliser in a stylo-native grass pasture on a duplex red earth soil in the semi-arid tropics of North Queensland

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
KA Shaw ◽  
MA Gilbert ◽  
JD Armour ◽  
MJ Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Red Earth ◽  
P Application ◽  
Stylosanthes Scabra ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
Establishment Phase

A field experiment was established to define the phosphorus (P) requirement for establishment and maintenance of a mixed legume pasture (Stylosanthes scabra cv. Seca, S. hamata cv. Verano, S. guianensis cv. Graham, Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro) introduced into a native grass pasture on an infertile duplex red earth. Rates of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 kg P/ha were applied to separate plots in year 1 (1982), 2, and 3. In year 5 (1986 growing season), half of each plot that had received 20 and 40 kg P/ha in year 3 was refertilised at the original rate to ensure that maximum yields were defined. Bicarbonate- or acid-extractable soil P concentrations of 8 mg/kg were sufficient for 80% maximum legume yield. The residual value of applied P in the surface soil, as measured by soil analysis, decreased exponentially, but an initial application of 40 kg P/ha was still sufficient to produce near-maximum legume yield after 5 years. Phosphorus application increased the dry matter yield of legume. During the establishment phase (years 1 and 2 after planting) yields reached maximum at 10 and 20 kg P/ha, respectively, but increased linearly in subsequent years. When the original rates were reapplied in year 5, peak yield occurred at 20 + 20 kg P/ha, and there was no difference between this yield and that from plots receiving 40 kg P/ha in year 1. Native grass yields increased with P application only in years 4 and 5 of the experiment. Stylos demonstrated good tolerance to low P supply. In year 1, 80% of the total legume yield consisted of Graham stylo and Siratro, whereas in subsequent years, Seca and Verano made up 70 and 20%, respectively, of the total, irrespective of treatment. Yield of legume at nil P, relative to maximum, increased from 5% in year 1 to 42% in year 5.

RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS IN SOIL AT DIFFERENT pH LEVELS AS MEASURED BY YIELD AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE BY OATS

Soil Science ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAYTON MCAULIFFE ◽  
GEORGE STANFORD ◽  
RICHARD BRADFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Residual Effects
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