INFLUENCE OF SOIL MOISTURE TENSION AND AMENDMENTS ON YIELD, OIL, AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF TARGET RAPE GROWN ON GRAY WOODED SOILS IN THE GREENHOUSE

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. NUTTALL
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Treatment ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Loam Soil

Soil moisture tension (100 and 151 mbars) and amendments (straw, peat, manure, and ammonium nitrate) on three Gray Wooded and one Dark Gray soil significantly affected yield, oil, and protein content of Target rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Low soil moisture tension (LSMT) gave higher yields than high soil moisture tension (HSMT). In general, lower oil content and higher protein content were obtained under HSMT than under LSMT. Also, the ammonium nitrate treatment increased protein content of the grain more than the other amendments. Protein content ranged from 28.2 to 43.3% and oil content from 38.9 to 50.0%. Regression analysis revealed that protein and oil content were inversely related (R2 = 79.6%). Lowest fiber content (highest protein plus oil) was obtained with rape grown on Dark Gray, Nipawin loam soil. Ammonium nitrate (70 μg N/g soil) produced the lowest fiber content averaged over moisture tension and soil type treatments. Those treatments that helped to increase the available nitrogen supply to the crop and that increased protein contents of the grain produced the lowest fiber contents.

Evaluation of Presswheels and Seed Coverers for Direct Seeding of Brassica

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 599E-600
Author(s):  
Regina P. Bracy ◽  
Richard L. Parish
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Determine Effect

Improved stand establishment of direct-seeded crops has usually involved seed treatment and/or seed covers. Planters have been evaluated for seed/plant spacing uniformity, singulation, furrow openers, and presswheel design; however, effects of presswheels and seed coverers on plant establishment have not been widely investigated. Five experiments were conducted in a fine sandy loam soil to determine effect of presswheels and seed coverers on emergence of direct-seeded cabbage and mustard. Seed were planted with Stanhay 870 seeder equipped with one of four presswheels and seed coverers. Presswheels included smooth, mesh, concave split, and flat split types. Seed coverers included standard drag, light drag, paired knives, and no coverer. Soil moisture at planting ranged from 8% to 19% in the top 5 cm of bed. Differences in plant counts taken 2 weeks after planting were minimal with any presswheel or seed coverer. Visual observation indicated the seed furrow was more completely closed with the knife coverer in high soil moisture conditions. All tests received at least 14 mm of precipitation within 6 days from planting, which may account for lack of differences in plant emergence.

THE EFFECTS OF 2-CHLORO-6 (TRICHLOROMETHYL)-PYRIDINE (’N-SERVE’) AND N FERTILIZERS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF CANADIAN OILSEED RAPE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 979-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Meal Protein

’N-Serve’ has been shown to reduce losses of applied N-fertilizer and thereby increase fertilizer N-utilization by plants. This study was undertaken to test the effects of ’N-Serve’ on fertilizer N efficiency in oilseed rape production and quality. Field experiments were conducted on two chernozemic soils over 4 yr in Manitoba. The oilseed rape cultivars Tower (Brassica napus L.) and Torch (B. campestris) were used in the study. Spring and fall applied ammonium nitrate, urea and fluid-N, with and without ’N-Serve’ delayed flowering and increased the herbage yield of both oilseed rape cultivars. The number of days from full pod to maturity was increased with application of N fertilizers, but the number of days from flowering to full pod was constant. Increased herbage yield and total plant N at flowering was reflected in increased seed yield and meal protein content, but decreased oil content. ’N-Serve’ applied with and without N fertilizer reduced oil content and oil yield. However, when ’N-Serve’ was applied in the fall with urea and fluid-N it improved their efficiency, resulting in higher seed yields and meal protein content equivalent to that of spring applications. ’N-Serve’ used with fall applied ammonium nitrate or with all three sources of spring applied N had no similar effect. It is concluded that ’N-Serve’ should not be applied to oilseed rape, mainly because of its negative effect on seed oil content.Key words: Oilseed rape, ammonium nitrate, urea, fluid-N, chernozemic soil, protein, oil

COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES IN DEVELOPING PODS AND SEEDS OF OILSEED RAPE (BRASSICA NAPUS L.) AS AFFECTED BY POD POSITION ON THE PLANT

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. DIEPENBROCK ◽  
G. GEISLER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Brassica Napus L

Plants of rape (Brassica napus L. ’Erglu’) were grown under controlled greenhouse conditions. The growth and composition of pods (hulls) and seeds was followed from the day when flowering took place to maturity. Pod development could be divided into three stages. In the first stage hull growth was more rapid than seed growth. Nitrogen accumulation in hulls occurred at a maximum and seeds were characterized by a high protein content but a low oil content and a fatty acid composition similar to that of photosynthetic tissue. During the second phase dry matter of hulls began to decrease, nitrogen was exported and the rates of seed dry matter accumulation grew to a maximum. At the same time the protein content of seeds declined while oil content increased rapidly. The fatty acid composition had reached the final condition. In the third stage hulls continued to lose dry matter and the rates of seed dry matter accumulation decreased dramatically. Pod growth was affected by the location of the pod on the plant. The individual seed weight and the fatty acid compvsition at 16 days after flowering indicated an accelerated development of seeds from axillary branches. Pods from the main branch generally produced the largest amount of seed dry matter. From these results the ideal high-yielding rape plant was characterized.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MOISTURE, TEMPERATURE, AND NITROGEN ON YIELD AND PROTEIN QUALITY OF THATCHER WHEAT

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Sosulski ◽  
D. M. Lin ◽  
E. A. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Sedimentation Value

Soil moisture level was the most important factor controlling plant and grain yields while nitrogen fertilizer had the greatest influence on protein content and sedimentation value. Lower temperatures and nitrogen fertilization favored plant development at medium and high soil moisture levels but did not significantly alter the yield of plants subjected to periodic moisture stress. Temperature was the only treatment to have a consistent effect on kernel weight. However, seed yields were more closely associated with total plant weight and number of culms than kernel size.The sedimentation values of the flour, which ranged from 33.8 to 70.7 ml, were highly correlated with protein content. The wide range of sedimentation values approached the maximum range reported for very weak and very strong wheats. Within treatments receiving the same nitrogen applications, the sedimentation values and protein content were inversely related to grain yield.Variations in glutamic acid and proline content of the hydrolyzed flour proteins were positively associated with protein content and sedimentation value. Amino acids which were negatively correlated with protein content included alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cystine, glycine, and lysine. Contrary to previous reports the lysine content varied over the complete range of protein content in the flours. The significance of these variations in amino acid composition are discussed in relation to recent studies on the fractionation of flour proteins.

Alto summer rape

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-524
Author(s):  
Z. P. Kondra ◽  
D. F. Degenhardt ◽  
D. C. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Canola Quality

Alto summer rape (Brassica napus L.), registered in 1988, is a canola-quality cultivar. Alto has a high meal protein content and is similar to the cultivar Westar in seed yield, oil content, and maturity. Alto is adapted to all of the B. napus growing areas in western Canada. Key words: Rape (summer), cultivar description

Placement, rate and source of N, seedrow opener and seeding depth effects on canola production

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S Malhi ◽  
K. S Gill
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Seed Protein Content ◽  
Brassica Napus L

Seedrow-placement of N fertilizer can save money and time, but it can cause reduced emergence and yield. From 1998 to 2000, a field experiment was conducted on a silty clay loam (Black Chernozem) soil at Melfort, Saskatchewan. The objectives were to determine the influence of placement, rate and source of N, seedrow opener and seeding depth on the emergence, yield, N uptake, and seed protein and oil content of canola (Brassica napus L. ‘Quest’). The treatments were optimum (1.5 cm) and deep (4.5 cm) seeding depths in two main plots with 17 subplots of different combinations of N sources [urea and ammonium nitrate (AN)], rates (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1) and placements (sideband and seedrow) using two seedrow openers (knives – 2 cm spread, and shovels – 20 cm spread). Sidebanding of 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1 and seedrow placement of 40 kg N ha-1 increased yield, N uptake and seed protein content, had no detrimental effect on emergence, and reduced seed oil content. Compared to sidebanding, seedrow placement of 80 and 120 kg N ha-1 generally reduced emergence, yield and N uptake, with relatively severe effect at higher N rate, but had no effect on seed protein and oil content. The yield and N uptake of canola responded up to 120 kg N ha-1 with sidebanding compared to 40 kg N ha-1 for yield and 80 kg N ha-1 for N uptake with seedrow placement. Deep seeding reduced emergence, yield and N uptake in many cases, had no effect on seed protein content and reduced oil content in some treatments. At low rates of N, emergence was generally better with knives, while shovels tended to be superior at higher rates of seedrow-placed N. In general, the negative impact of seedrow placement compared to sideband placement of N was more severe with deeper seeding, higher N rate and narrower width of seedrow placement band. In summary, the findings indicated that practices that placed seed and fertilizer in a way that maximized canola emergence and minimized seedling damage from fertilizer, consistently optimized seed yield response to N fertilizer. Key words: Canola, N placement, N rate, N source, seeding depth, seedrow opener

scholarly journals Infiltration-soil moisture redistribution under natural conditions: experimental evidence as a guideline for realizing simulation models

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 6199-6225
Author(s):  
R. Morbidelli ◽  
C. Corradini ◽  
C. Saltalippi ◽  
A. Flammini ◽  
E. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Different Depths

Abstract. The evolution in time, t, of the experimental soil moisture vertical profile under natural conditions is investigated in order to address the corresponding simulation modelling. The measurements were conducted in a plot with a bare silty loam soil. The soil water content, θ, was continuously monitored at different depths, z, using a Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) system. For each profile four buriable three-rod waveguides were inserted horizontally at different depths (5, 15, 25 and 35 cm). In addition, we used sensors of air temperature and relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, evaporation and rain as supports for the application of selected simulation models, as well as for the detection of elements leading to their improvement. The results indicate that, under natural conditions, very different trends of the θ(z,t) function can be observed in the given fine-textured soil, where the formation of a sealing layer over the parent soil requires an adjustment of the simulation modelling commonly used for hydrological applications. In particular, because of the considerable variations in the shape of the moisture content vertical profile as a function of time, a generalization of the existing models should incorporate a representation of the variability in time of the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the uppermost soil. This conclusion is supported by the fact that the observed shape of θ(z) can be appropriately reproduced by adopting this approach, however the observed rainfall rate and the occurrence of freeze-thaw cycles with high soil moisture contents have to be explicitly incorporated.

scholarly journals Infiltration-soil moisture redistribution under natural conditions: experimental evidence as a guideline for realizing simulation models

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2937-2945 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Morbidelli ◽  
C. Corradini ◽  
C. Saltalippi ◽  
A. Flammini ◽  
E. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Different Depths

Abstract. The evolution in time, t, of the experimental soil moisture vertical profile under natural conditions is investigated in order to address the corresponding simulation modelling. The measurements were conducted in a plot with a bare silty loam soil. The soil water content, θ, was continuously monitored at different depths, z, using a Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) system. Four buriable three-rod waveguides were inserted horizontally at different depths (5, 15, 25 and 35 cm). In addition, we used sensors of air temperature and relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, evaporation and rain as supports for the application of selected simulation models, as well as for the detection of elements leading to their improvement. The results indicate that, under natural conditions, very different trends of the θ(z, t) function can be observed in the given fine-textured soil, where the formation of a sealing layer over the parent soil requires an adjustment of the simulation modelling commonly used for hydrological applications. In particular, because of the considerable variations in the shape of the moisture content vertical profile as a function of time, a generalization of the existing models should incorporate a first approximation of the variability in time of the saturated hydraulic conductivity, K1s, of the uppermost soil. This conclusion is supported by the fact that the observed shape of θ(z, t) can be appropriately reproduced by adopting the proposed approach with K1s kept constant during each rainfall event but considered variable from event to event, however the observed rainfall rate and the occurrence of freeze-thaw cycles with high soil moisture contents have to be explicitly incorporated in a functional form for K1s(t).

Influence of Soil Moisture on Tolerance of Corn to Cyanazine

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 522-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Kern ◽  
W. F. Meggitt ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Uptake ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Loam Soil

Tolerance of corn (Zea maysL.) to cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazin-2-yl] amino]-2-methylpropionitrile} and atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] was compared when grown in Conover sandy loam soil. Reductions in seedling dry weight were obtained under both low and high soil moisture following preemergence and postemergence applications of cyanazine allowed to contact both plants and soil. During periods of active plant growth high soil moisture is favorable for rapid root uptake of cyanazine which causes injury to corn.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document