Placement, rate and source of N, seedrow opener and seeding depth effects on canola production

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S Malhi ◽  
K. S Gill
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Seed Protein Content ◽  
Brassica Napus L

Seedrow-placement of N fertilizer can save money and time, but it can cause reduced emergence and yield. From 1998 to 2000, a field experiment was conducted on a silty clay loam (Black Chernozem) soil at Melfort, Saskatchewan. The objectives were to determine the influence of placement, rate and source of N, seedrow opener and seeding depth on the emergence, yield, N uptake, and seed protein and oil content of canola (Brassica napus L. ‘Quest’). The treatments were optimum (1.5 cm) and deep (4.5 cm) seeding depths in two main plots with 17 subplots of different combinations of N sources [urea and ammonium nitrate (AN)], rates (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1) and placements (sideband and seedrow) using two seedrow openers (knives – 2 cm spread, and shovels – 20 cm spread). Sidebanding of 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1 and seedrow placement of 40 kg N ha-1 increased yield, N uptake and seed protein content, had no detrimental effect on emergence, and reduced seed oil content. Compared to sidebanding, seedrow placement of 80 and 120 kg N ha-1 generally reduced emergence, yield and N uptake, with relatively severe effect at higher N rate, but had no effect on seed protein and oil content. The yield and N uptake of canola responded up to 120 kg N ha-1 with sidebanding compared to 40 kg N ha-1 for yield and 80 kg N ha-1 for N uptake with seedrow placement. Deep seeding reduced emergence, yield and N uptake in many cases, had no effect on seed protein content and reduced oil content in some treatments. At low rates of N, emergence was generally better with knives, while shovels tended to be superior at higher rates of seedrow-placed N. In general, the negative impact of seedrow placement compared to sideband placement of N was more severe with deeper seeding, higher N rate and narrower width of seedrow placement band. In summary, the findings indicated that practices that placed seed and fertilizer in a way that maximized canola emergence and minimized seedling damage from fertilizer, consistently optimized seed yield response to N fertilizer. Key words: Canola, N placement, N rate, N source, seeding depth, seedrow opener

Fertilizer N management and P placement effects on yield, seed protein content and N uptake of flax under varied conditions in Saskatchewan

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
R. Lemke ◽  
S. P. Mooleki ◽  
J. J. Schoenau ◽  
S. Brandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Seed Protein Content ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
P Placement

In the Canadian prairies, producers prefer to seed and apply all fertilizer nutrients in one operation, but placement of fertilizers at high rates in the seed row can reduce crop emergence. Recently, specialized equipment has been developed to minimize or prevent damage to seedlings by maintaining a safe separation between seed and fertilizer. A 3-yr (2000 to 2002) field study was conducted to determine the effect of N formulation (urea and anhydrous ammonia), placement (broadcast, side-band and mid-row band), timing (fall and spring) and rate (0 to 90 or 120 kg N ha-1), and P placement (7–10 kg P ha-1) on plant density, seed and straw yield, seed protein content, and N uptake in seed and straw of flax (Linum ustatissimum L.) under no-till at four sites (Indian Head, Black Chernozem soil – Udic Boroll; Melfort, Dark Gray Luvisol soil – Mollic Cryoboralf; Swift Current, Brown Chernozem soil – Aridic Boroll; and Scott, Dark Brown Chernozem soil – Typic Boroll) in Saskatchewan. There was a significant increase at 10 of 12 site-years for seed yield, at 5 site-years for straw yield, at 12 site-years for seed protein content, at 11 site-years for seed N uptake, and at 8 site-years for straw N uptake with increasing N fertilizer rate, but the responses were generally small to moderate and varied with placement, form and timing of N application, and placement of P fertilizer in a few cases. Side-banded N fertilizer treatments reduced plant emergence at 3 site-years for urea and at 4 site-year for anhydrous ammonia, but the plant densities were considered adequate for optimum yield. Seed and straw yield, seed protein content, and N uptake in seed and straw were generally similar between side-banded and mid-row-banded N fertilizer, and also similar between urea and anhydrous ammonia in most cases.Occasionally, there was a trend of seed yield reduction with seed-placed P compared with side-banded P, side-banded urea was more effective than broadcast urea, and fall banded N less effective than spring side-banded N. In conclusion, there were few differences in the agronomic performance of urea vs. anhydrous ammonia and side-band vs. mid-row band. The findings did suggest that broadcast urea can be less effective than side-banded urea, fall banded N can be inferior to spring banded N, and seed-placed P can reduce seed yield compared with side-banded P. Key words: Anhydrous ammonia, flax, N application timing, N form, N and P placement, N uptake, protein content, urea, yield

Effect of form, placement and rate of N fertilizer, and placement of P fertilizer on wheat in Saskatchewan

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
S P Mooleki ◽  
S S Malhi ◽  
R L Lemke ◽  
J J Schoenau ◽  
G Lafond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Ammonia Toxicity ◽  
Seed Protein Content ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
No Till ◽  
N Form ◽  
P Placement

On the Canadian prairies, the one-pass seeding and fertilizing no-till system is very common. However, the close proximity of the fertilizer to the seed can cause damage to the emerging seedlings due to a combination of a salt effect and/or ammonia toxicity. Manufacturers have responded by developing openers that allow placement of seed and fertilizer in separate bands. A 3-yr study was initiated in 2000 to determine the effect of nitrogen (N) form [urea (U) and anhydrous ammonia (AA)], placement [broadcast (Br), side-band (SB) or mid-row band (MRB)], timing (fall or spring) and rate (0 to 90 or 120 kg N ha-1), and phosphorus (P) placement (7 to 10 kg P ha-1) on plant density, seed and straw yield, seed protein content, and N uptake of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under no-till at four sites representing different agro-ecological zones in Saskatchewan. Rate of applied N had the most dominant effect on agronomic variables, while form, placement, and timing of application of N had minor effects. Generally, SB and MRB were comparable in terms of seed yield, N uptake and seed protein content. From a practical perspective, SB and MRB could be used with equal success with either U or AA. Side banding P produced responses similar to seed-placed P, except under very dry conditions where side banding was superior. In general, placement of urea in soil in a band was more effective than broadcasting, while fall banding can be less effective than spring banding.Key words: Anhydrous ammonia, N application timing, N form, N and P placement, N uptake, protein content, urea, wheat, yield

scholarly journals Correlation and path analysis of yield and yield components of confectionary sunflower

Genetika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 827-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Hladni ◽  
Sinisa Jocic ◽  
Anto Mijic ◽  
Vladimir Miklic ◽  
Dragana Miladinovic
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Seed Protein Content ◽  
Seed Oil Content ◽  
Head Diameter ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Protein

Path coefficient analysis was applied to gain information on direct and indirect effects of studied traits (seed oil content, kernel oil content, seed protein content, kernel protein content, head diameter, kernel ratio and plant height) on sunflower seed yield. Traits which exhibit the highest effects on seed yield will be used as a selection criterion in confectionary sunflower breeding. The research was conducted during three vegetation seasons on 22 experimental confectionary sunflower hybrids, created in breeding program the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops. Among the largest number of examined traits, significant and highly significant correlations were found. With the analysis of simple correlation coefficients a low interdependence was determined between, kernel protein content, plant heights with seed yield. Negative but weak correlation was determined between kernel oil content, seed protein content, kernel ratio with seed yield. Established a negative strong correlation of head diameter (-0.190*) and negative very strong correlation of seed oil content (-0.351**) with seed yield. The seed oil content had a very strong direct negative effect on seed yield (DE=-0.831**). The head diameter, plant height, seed protein content had weak negative direct effect on seed yield. Kernel protein content and kernel oil content has demonstrated a weak direct positive effect on seed yield. Path coefficient analysis for seed yield showed very strong direct effect for kernel ratio (DE=0.487*) on seed yield, it shows that the kernel ratio is important selection criterion for confectionary sunflower breeding.

scholarly journals Modeling the Competitive Effect of Euphorbia dracunculoides and Astragalus sp. in Zero Input Rainfed Chickpea

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. IKRAM ◽  
A. TANVEER ◽  
R. MAQBOOL ◽  
M.A. NADEEN
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Seed Protein Content ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Competition Period ◽  
Crop Competition ◽  
Weed Removal

ABSTRACT: Brown chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the two chickpea types grown in Pakistan and other countries. The critical period for weed removal in a rainfed chickpea system is an important consideration in devising weed management strategies. Field experiments were conducted in the winter season of 2011 and 2012 to determine the extent of yield loss with different periods of weed crop competition. Seven weed crop competition periods (0, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 160 days after sowing - DAS) were used to identify the critical period for weed removal in rainfed chickpea. Experimental plots were naturally infested with Euphorbia dracunculoides and Astragalus sp. in both years. Individual, composite density and dry weights of E. dracunculoides and Astragalussp. increased significantly with an increase in the competition period. However, yield and yield-contributing traits of chickpea significantly decreased with an increase in the competition period. Chickpea seed yield loss was 11-53% in different weed crop competition periods. Euphorbia dracunculoides and Astragalus sp. removed 39.9 and 36.9 kg ha-1 of N, 9.61 and 7.27 kg ha-1 of P and 38.3 and 36.9 kg ha-1 of K, respectively. Season long weed competition (160 days after sowing) resulted in 19.5% seed protein content compared with 24.5% seed protein content in weed-free chickpea. A Logistic equation was fitted to yield data in response to increasing periods of weed crop competition. The critical timing of weed removal at 5 and 10% acceptable yield losses were 26 and 39 DAS, respectively. The observed critical period suggests that in rainfed chickpea, a carefully timed weed removal could prevent grain yield losses.

scholarly journals A Rapid Method for Measuring Seed Protein Content in Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i> (L.) Walp)

2017 ◽  
Vol 08 (10) ◽  
pp. 2387-2396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuejin Weng ◽  
Ainong Shi ◽  
Waltram Second Ravelombola ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Jun Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Seed Protein Content

NITROGEN FERTILIZER REQUIREMENTS FOR BARLEY WHEN APPLIED WITH CATTLE MANURE CONTAINING WOOD SHAVINGS AS A SOIL AMENDMENT

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. MACKAY ◽  
J. M. CAREFOOT ◽  
T. G. SOMMERFELDT
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Chernozemic Soil ◽  
Mineralizable N

In an 8-yr experiment on an irrigated Dark Brown Chernozemic soil, four rates of N (0, 34, 67 and 101 kg ha−1), applied annually with 45 t ha−1 of manure containing softwood shavings (avg. of 46% dry wt) produced a linear yield response (from 3.5 with the check to 4.3 t ha−1 at the highest rate) of barley grain (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Galt'). There were large differences in yields among years, which could be attributed to weather factors, but there was no significant N × year response. Protein content increased linearly (from 11.2 to 13.5%), and both kernel weights and "test weights" (kg hL−1) decreased slightly but significantly with N applications. There was a pronounced "residual" effect of N rates on both grain yield (from 3.8 to 6.3 t ha−1) and protein content (from 10 to 13%) in the first year after applications of manure and N fertilizer ceased. These effects decreased rapidly and had practically disappeared by the end of the 3rd yr, although yields of all treatments remained high (about 5 t ha−1). Organic matter and N contents of the soil were increased by 70 and 41%, respectively, from the cumulative applications of shavings manure. It is concluded that application of manure containing large quantities of softwood shavings has a negligible effect on the N fertilizer requirements of the crop being grown. Beneficial residual effects of N fertilizer applied with the manure may result because of buildup of NO3-N throughout the soil profile, and likely also because of N release from readily mineralized organic compounds or microbial biomass. However, this effect was not reflected in soil tests for readily mineralizable N by NO3 incubation or KCl digestion methods and the effects were practically dissipated after 3 yr. The recovery of applied N fertilizer by the crops was high at all rates (61–79%), and essentially all of the N applied (fertilizer + manure) was accounted for by crop removal + increased soil N. Key words: Mineralizable-N soil tests, Chernozemic soil, repeated fertilizer applications, residual effects

Genomic Selection for Yield and Seed Protein Content in Soybean: A Study of Breeding Program Data and Assessment of Prediction Accuracy

Crop Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 1325-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Duhnen ◽  
Amandine Gras ◽  
Simon Teyssèdre ◽  
Michel Romestant ◽  
Bruno Claustres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Seed Protein Content ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Program Data
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