OXIDATION OF MANGANESE BY MICROORGANISMS IN MANGANESE DEPOSITS OF NEWFOUNDLAND SOIL

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. IVARSON ◽  
P. K. HERINGA
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Manganese Oxidation ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
Manganese Deposits ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Agar Media

Manganese pans, found in coarse-textured soil material underlying acid peat deposits in the humid regions of Newfoundland, were examined for the presence of microorganisms capable of oxidizing and precipitating manganese in agar media and from solution. Microorganisms of the genera Sphaerotilus (Leptothrix), Pedomicrobium, Metallogenium, Kusnezovia, Caulococcus, and Siderococcus, which are known manganese oxidizers, were not detected. Microorganisms resembling Hyphomicrobium, which have been found to take part in manganese oxidation, were present but showed no tendency to oxidize manganese in pure cultures. Commonly found was a fungus, a Cephalosporium sp., which grew at pH 4.5 and produced black deposits on agar medium containing only manganous sulfate. The X-ray pattern of these deposits showed variation in chemical composition. They were either identical with that of Mn3O4 (hausmannite) or similar to delta MnO2 (birnessite). The fungus lived heterotrophically; no signs of autotrophy were detected. After 22 mo of circulating large quantities of aerated peat leachate (pH 4.5) with added MnSO4 through simulated pipelines, black deposits containing hausmannite were observed. Cephalosporium spp. could be isolated from these deposits. An evaluation of the analytical data has led to the conclusion that further investigations are necessary before it can be established whether Cephalosporium is involved in the formation of the manganese pans.

scholarly journals Innovative Strategy for Counterfeit Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. maapoc.0000013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klara Dégardin ◽  
Yves Roggo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Analytical Strategy ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Counterfeit Medicine ◽  
Analytical Tools

Currently, counterfeit medicine is a significant issue for the pharmaceutical world, and it targets all types of therapeutic areas. The health consequences are appalling, since counterfeit medicines can contain impurities and the wrong chemical composition, and can be manufactured and/or stored in dreadful conditions. The provision of fast and reliable analytical tools can contribute to an efficient fight against this phenomenon. In this paper, an analytical strategy based on mobile and forensic laboratories is presented. The mobile equipment, composed of handheld x-ray fluorescence, Raman, infrared, and near-infrared spectrometers, and a handheld microscope, can be used as a first screening tool to detect counterfeits. The counterfeits can then be confirmed in a forensic-dedicated lab in which the chemical composition of the counterfeits is determined to evaluate the danger encountered by the patients. Relevant links with former counterfeit cases then can be revealed based on the analytical data, and can be interpreted from a forensic intelligence perspective in order to provide additional information for law enforcement.

Preparation and properties of green rust type substances

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Vinš ◽  
Jan Šubrt ◽  
Vladimír Zapletal ◽  
František Hanousek
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Green Rust ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

A method has been worked out for the reproducible preparation of Green Rust substances involving SO42-, Cl-, Br-, and I- anions. The chemical composition of the substances prepared has been followed in dependence on the synthesis conditions. The powder X-ray and electron diffraction patterns and infrared and Moessbauer spectra have been measured and discussed.

scholarly journals Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Ice-Dammed Lake Sediments of the Lębork Deposit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radosław Rogoziński ◽  
Alina Maciejewska
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Dammed Lake

AbstractVarved clay deposits from ice-dammed lakes are a particularly important and broadly applied raw material used for the production of high-quality ceramics (red bricks, roof tiles, etc.), but the mineralogy and geochemistry of these sediments are not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to determine the chemical and mineralogical composition of ice-dammed lake sediments of the Lębork deposit. Major-element analysis of the compositions of selected samples from the ice-dammed lake clays was performed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The mineralogical composition of clay samples was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Analyses of the chemical composition of the ice-dammed lake clays of the Lębork deposit showed that the dominant component was SiO2 with a mean content of 56.13 wt.%; the second most abundant component was Al2O3, with a mean content for the entire deposit of 11.61 wt.%. Analysis by ICP-MS indicated the presence of rare earth elements (REE), e.g. cerium, neodymium, lanthanum, and praseodymium; their mean contents are: 56.9, 27.0, 26.3, and 7.3 ppm, respectively. Mineralogical analysis of the varved clays identified quartz, muscovite, calcite, and clay minerals – illite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite. The material filling the Lębork basin is characterized by small lateral and vertical variability in chemical composition. The results of the present study may be of considerable importance in determining the parent igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks, the weathering products of which supplied material to the ice-dammed lake, as well as in determining the mechanisms and character of the sedimentation process itself.

scholarly journals The Voyage of Metals in the Universe from Cosmological to Planetary Scales: the need for a Very High-Resolution, High Throughput Soft X-ray Spectrometer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nicastro ◽  
J. Kaastra ◽  
C. Argiroffi ◽  
E. Behar ◽  
S. Bianchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
High Resolution Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Surrounding Space ◽  
Nuclear Processes ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Very High

AbstractMetals form an essential part of the Universe at all scales. Without metals we would not exist, and the Universe would look completely different. Metals are primarily produced via nuclear processes in stars, and spread out through winds or explosions, which pollute the surrounding space. The wanderings of metals in-and-out of astronomical objects are crucial in determining their own evolution and thus that of the Universe as a whole. Detecting metals and assessing their relative and absolute abundances and energetics can thus be used to trace the evolution of these cosmic components. The scope of this paper is to highlight the most important open astrophysical problems that will be central in the next decades and for which a deep understanding of the Universe’s wandering metals, their physical and kinematical states, and their chemical composition represents the only viable solution. The majority of these studies can only be efficiently performed through High Resolution Spectroscopy in the soft X-ray band.

scholarly journals Nanotechnology in Roman Opaque Red Glass from the 2nd Century AD. Archaeometric Investigation in Red Sectilia from the Decoration of the Lucius Verus Villa in Rome

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2597-2611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Bandiera ◽  
Patrice Lehuédé ◽  
Marco Verità ◽  
Luis Alves ◽  
Isabelle Biron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Colorimetric Analysis ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Colorimetric Measurements ◽  
Shed Light

This work aims to characterise the chemical composition of Roman opaque red glass sectilia dated to the 2nd century A.D and to shed light on Roman glassmaking production of different shades of red, from red to reddish-brown. Due to the lack of technical historical sources for this period many questions about technological aspects still remain. In this project a multi-disciplinary approach is in progress to investigate the red glass sectilia with several red hues from the Imperial Villa of Lucius Verus (161–169 A.D.) in Rome. First, colorimetric measurements were taken to identify the various red hues. The second step was chemical characterization of the samples and the identification of crystalline colouring phases. Particle Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE) analysis was used to investigate the chemical composition of these glass samples, while the crystalline phases were identified by Raman Spectroscopy and Scanning Electrons Microscope with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (SEM-EDS). Using SEM-EDS nanoparticles were detected as a colouring agent, the chemical composition and the morphology of which has been studied in depth. This information has been compared with the colorimetric analysis to establish any correlation with the different colour hues.

Assessment of different selective agar media for enumeration and isolation ofListeriafrom dairy products

1988 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Dominguez ◽  
José Francisco Fernández ◽  
Victor Briones ◽  
José Luis Blanco ◽  
Guillermo Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Direct Plating ◽  
Selective Agar ◽  
Natural Microflora ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

SummaryDifferent selective agar media were compared for the recovery and isolation of five species ofListeriafrom raw milk and cheese. The selective media examined were Beerens medium, MacBride medium and that described by Dominguezet al.(1984) with 6 mg/1 acriflavine, listeria selective agar medium (LSAM), and LSAM with 12 mg/1 acriflavine (LSAM × 2A); a non-selective yeast glucose Lemco agar was included for comparison. When the difference between listeria and the natural microflora of raw milk and cheese was 102cfu/ml, listeria could be isolated by direct plating on all media tested. When it was lower than 103–104cfu/ml, listeria were isolated by direct plating only on LSAM and LSAM × 2A. When the difference was greater than 104cfu/ml, a previous enrichment was necessary to isolate them. LSAM and LSAM × 2A media performed better than the other media tested for isolating listeria by direct plating and improved their isolation from dairy products. This superior performance was evaluated by the ability of these media to support colony formation of different species ofListeriatested, the easy recognition of these colonies from those formed by other microorganisms and by their capacity to inhibit the natural microflora of these foods.

scholarly journals Non-invasive sensing for food reassurance

The Analyst ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
pp. 1587-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zou Xiaobo ◽  
Huang Xiaowei ◽  
Malcolm Povey
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Physical Principle ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Main Food ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics

The main food quality traits of interest using non-invasive sensing techniques are sensory characteristics, chemical composition, physicochemical properties, health-protecting properties, nutritional characteristics and safety. A wide range of non-invasive sensing techniques, from optical, acoustical, electrical, to nuclear magnetic, X-ray, biosensor, microwave and terahertz, are organized according to physical principle.

scholarly journals Surface Texture of Microcrystalline Tunnel-Structured Manganese(IV) Oxides: Nitrogen Sorptiometry and Electron Microscopy Studies

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 619-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Ali ◽  
F.A. Al-Sagheer ◽  
M.I. Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Surface Texture ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Chemical ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Chemical Composition ◽  
Resolution Electron

Three different modifications of manganese(IV) oxide, viz. cryptomelane, nsutite and todorokite-like, were synthesized by hydrothermal methods. The bulk chemical composition, phase composition, crystalline structure and particle morphology of the resulting materials were determined by thermogravimetry, atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The surface chemical composition, texture and structure were assessed using X-ray photoelectron microscopy, nitrogen sorptiometry and high-resolution electron microscopy. The results highlighted the hydrothermal conditions under which such tunnel-structured modifications of manganese(IV) oxide can be successfully synthesized. Moreover, they revealed that (i) the bulk was microcrystalline, (ii) the crystallites were either fibrils (cryptomelane and nsutite) or rod-like (todorokite) with low-index exposed facets, (iii) the surface chemical composition mostly reflected that of the bulk and (iv) the surface texture was linked with high specific areas, slit-shaped mesopores associated with particle interstices and micropores which allowed surface accessibility to the bulk tunnels of the test oxides. The application of such test oxides as shape-selective oxidation catalysts appears worthy of investigation.

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